Cishe uya kudokotela uma unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma olunye ukutheleleka bese bekunika umuthi wokulwa namagciwane, akunjalo? Uhlobo olulodwa olukhethekile lwala ma-antibiotic lubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Macrolides'. Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wanikezwa umuthi onaleli gama ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ayini la ma-macrolide, yiziphi izifo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha, nokuthi yini okudingeka siyiqaphele lapho siwasebenzisa.
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Ziyini lezi macrolides?
Kalula nje, ama-macrolide ayisigaba sama-antibiotic. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuvimba ukukhula kwamagciwane angene emizimbeni yethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela umsebenzi wamagciwane ukuze angasabalali noma akhule kakhulu.
Kodwa kukhona into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyiqonde sonke lapha. Ama-antibiotic e-Macrolide asebenza kuphela ekulweni nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Awaphulukisi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane njengomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane.
Futhi, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba namanye ama-antibiotic, njenge-penicillin. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela banikeza ama-macrolides njengenye indlela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-macrolide ezisetshenziswa kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-macrolide ezivame ukunqunywa odokotela eSri Lanka nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ungase ujwayelene nelinye lala magama.
| Igama Lomuthi | Isingeniso esifushane |
|---|---|
| I-Azithromycin | Lolu uhlobo lwe-macrolide abantu abaningi abaluzwile futhi oluvame ukusetshenziswa. |
| I-Clarithromycin | Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa namagciwane abangela izilonda esiswini. |
| I-Erythromycin | Uhlobo oludala lwe-macrolide oluza ngesimo samaphilisi kanye nokhilimu (ijeli) osetshenziswa esikhumbeni. |
| I-Fidaxomicin | Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekuthelelekeni kwe-C. diff, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamathumbu. |
Yiziphi izimo ezisetshenziswa ama-macrolide?
Le mithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
- I-pneumonia engavamile: Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-pneumonia, olwaziwa nangokuthi "i-pneumonia ehambayo."
- Ukutheleleka kwamehlo okubangelwa amagciwane: Ukutheleleka okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokubomvu namehlo anamanzi.
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba: Ezimweni ezifana ne-acne, ijeli equkethe i-Erythromycin ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa ukulawula amagciwane esikhumbeni.
- Umphimbo obuhlungu: Ikakhulukazi kulabo abanokungezwani ne-penicillin.
- Ukukhwehlela/i-Pertussis: Ukutheleleka okubangela ukukhwehlela okunzima nokuhlala isikhathi eside.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori: Leli yigciwane eliyimbangela enkulu yezilonda zesisu. Liphathwa ngemithi efana ne-(Clarithromycin) kanye neminye imithi.
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi: Ngezifo ezifana ne-Chlamydia.
- Ezinye izifo: Zisetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa ukuklwebheka kwekati (umkhuhlane wekati), i-diphtheria, kanye nohudo oluhambisana nohambo.
Isetshenziswa kanjani le mithi futhi isikhathi esingakanani?
Ama-antibiotic e-Macrolide afika ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Amaphilisi agwinyiwe
- Uketshezi
- Amajeli noma izixazululo ezisetshenziswa esikhumbeni
- Amafutha okugcoba
- Imijovo enikezwa udokotela
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, ngomthamo onqunyiwe, nangenani elinqunyiwe lezinsuku. Ikakhulukazi uma kungumuthi owuketshezi, sebenzisa kuphela ithuluzi lokulinganisa elihambisana nawo. Ukulinganisa ngamathisipuni ekhaya ngeke kukunike umthamo oqondile.
Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono, kufanele uthathe umuthi izinsuku eziphelele ezibekwe udokotela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo singase singalapheki ngokuphelele, futhi amanye amagciwane angase ahlale emzimbeni, okubangela ukuba lesi sifo siphinde sibuye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqeda inkambo yemithi.
Ingabe ama-macrolide anemiphumela emibi?
Njenganoma iyiphi i-antibiotic, ama-macrolide angabangela imiphumela emibi emincane. Okuvame kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwesisu.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu
- Uhudo
Le miphumela emibi ngokuvamile ayibi mibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwayo lungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-macrolide oyithathayo. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalokhu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-macrolide angasebenzisana neminye imithi oyithathayo. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uphuza utshwala. Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ugweme utshwala ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nezimo zesikhumba ezinzima njenge-Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Ingabe izinguquko zesilinganiso senhliziyo (ama-arrhythmia) zingenzeka?
Lokhu nakho akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukukuqaphela. Amanye ama-macrolide anengozi encane kakhulu yokubangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ama-arrhythmia). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mithi ingandisa into ebizwa ngokuthi isikhawu se-QT. Kalula nje, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo ifinyele bese iphumula. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuyingozi okubizwa ngokuthi i-Torsades de Pointes.
Uma unesifo senhliziyo, udokotela uzokucabangela lokho bese ekunikeza umuthi ohlukile wokubulala amagciwane uma kudingeka.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo.
| Ithuba | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Esimweni esinjalo, khuluma nodokotela. | |
| Imibuzo mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa imithi | Uma ungacaci ngezinto ezifana nomthamo nesikhathi. |
| Ukungakhululeki ngenxa yemiphumela emibi | Uma kunzima kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza. |
| Akukho ukwehla kwezimpawu | Uma ukugula kwakho kungelapheki ngisho nangemva kokuqeda inkambo yemithi. |
| Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba | Uma kuvela into efana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. |
| Esimweni esinjalo, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. | |
| Uhudo olubi kakhulu | Uma unesifo sohudo esinamanzi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku noma uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. |
| Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu | Uma uzwa izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis, njengobunzima bokuphefumula nokuvuvukala kobuso, lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esibucayi. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-Macrolide awuhlobo lwe-antibiotic olunikezwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane . Azisebenzi ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
- Phuza inani eliphelele lemithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, izinsuku eziphelele . Ungayeki ukuyiphuza phakathi nesikhathi.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo (ikakhulukazi isifo senhliziyo).
- Imiphumela emibi emincane efana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu ingase ivele, kodwa uma uzwa uhudo olunzima, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
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