Okudingeka ukwazi nge-Avian Influenza!

Cishe uke wezwa 'ngomkhuhlane wezinyoni' ephephandabeni noma ku-TV, akunjalo? Kuyisihloko esikhulu sengxoxo, ikakhulukazi uma sisakazekela ezilwaneni eziningi. Uyini ngempela umkhuhlane wezinyoni? Ingabe uyasithinta nathi? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangendlela enenhlonipho.

Iyini i-bird flu?

Kalula nje, i-bird flu iyisifo esibangelwa yigciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-influenza elithinta izinyoni nezinye izilwane. Kufana nomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane esiwutholayo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezinalesi sifo zingathelela nabantu. Njengomkhuhlane esiwutholayo, i-bird flu ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isakazeke isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, okusho ukuthi ayenzeka kaningi.

Uzwa okwengeziwe ngalomkhuhlane wezinyoni uma usakazeka phakathi kwezinyoni noma ezinye izilwane. Khona-ke kufanele siqaphele kakhudlwana, ngoba amathuba okuba abantu bawuthole ayanda. Futhi, uthinta izilwane zasendle futhi kungaba yinkinga ekutholakaleni kokudla kwethu. Emazweni afana ne-United States, kube nezimo zalokhu kubantu kusukela ngo-2024.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomkhuhlane wezinyoni ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalo mkhuhlane wezinyoni, noma izinhlobo ezincane. Muva nje, abantu e-United States batheleleke ngohlobo olubizwa ngokuthi `(Influenza A(H5))` . Esikhathini esidlule, abantu batheleleke kakhulu nge-`(Influenza A(H5N1))` kanye ne -`(Influenza A(H7N9))` . Lawa magama asekelwe ezinhlotsheni zamaprotheni ebusweni baleli gciwane. Kungokwesayensi kancane, kodwa kuhle ukukwazi.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni. Lezi zingaba zincane noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Iningi lamacala akamuva e-United States kube amehlo abomvu kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula obuncane.

Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile :

• Ukubomvu kwamehlo, okufana nesifo samehlo (esibizwa ngokuthi "i-conjunctivitis" ngokwezokwelapha)
• Imfiva
• Ukukhathala, umuzwa wobuthakathaka
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, njengemisipha ebuhlungu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza
• Indle ekhululekile (uhudo)
• Impumulo egobhozayo noma impumulo evalekile
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya), umuzwa wokuminyana

Yini ebangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Imbangela eyinhloko yomkhuhlane wezinyoni igciwane elivela emndenini wegciwane le-influenza A. Kubantu, livame ukubangelwa uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi `(H5N1)` . Leli gciwane lingathinta uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula olungaphezulu, okusho ikhala lakho, umphimbo, namaphaphu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lingasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengobuchopho.

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni udluliselwa kanjani?

Uyazi ukuthi abantu bathola kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni? Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela. Uhlanza ihhoko lezinkukhu futhi inkukhu lapho inomkhuhlane wezinyoni. Leli gciwane lingaba sendle yenkukhu, ematheni, noma ngisho nasemaconsini amancane ewakhiphayo. Uma ungazigezi izandla zakho kahle futhi ungagqoki imaski, ungaphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezikhona. Noma, ungatheleleka futhi uma uthinta uketshezi lomzimba wezilwane ezinjalo bese uthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, noma umlomo ngalezo zandla. Ngokufanayo, uma inkomo yobisi ithola lesi sifo, ungatheleleka nangalolo bisi (uma lungasuswanga).

Ingabe umkhuhlane wezinyoni ungadluliselwa ngokudla?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ukudla inkukhu noma amaqanda aphekiwe kahle, noma ukuphuza ubisi olufakwe i-pasteurized, akubanga umkhuhlane wezinyoni. Ngokuvamile, ngokushesha nje lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni litholakala, lezo zilwane ziyasuswa ekudleni kwabantu. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Ingabe umkhuhlane wezinyoni uyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni awuvamile kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, akwenzeki kalula kanjalo. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo ezimbalwa zokudluliselwa komuntu komunye umuntu kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kodwa akukaze kube khona e-United States. Njengoba kunjalo, abantu baye bathola umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezinalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu oyedwa ewuthola, kuhlale kukhona ithuba lokuthi igciwane lingashintsha (odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi "i-mutate") futhi lisakazeke kalula phakathi kwabantu. Lokho kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Abantu abasebenza nezinyoni zamanzi njengezinkukhu, amadada, namahansi, kanye nalabo abasebenza nezinkomo zobisi, basengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngoba bahlala bexhumana nalezi zilwane. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanjalo kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yomkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngezinye izikhathi ungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njenge:

• Inyumoniya
• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (i-Acute respiratory distress syndrome) (Lokhu kwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu)
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (uma umzimba ubuthakathaka yigciwane, amanye amagciwane angangena kalula)
• I-Sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu, okusongela impilo okusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba)
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, isibonelo i-meningoencephalitis
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula (ukungakwazi ukuphefumula)

Ungayibona kanjani i-bird flu?

Odokotela baxilonga umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngokuthatha isampula encane (i-swab) emphinjeni wakho, ekhaleni, noma e-conjunctiva (ulwelwesi oluncane phezu kwengxenye emhlophe yeso lakho). Ukuhlolwa kwamanje kukhomba igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni elibi kakhulu, i-H5N1, njenge-influenza A. Kodwa-ke, ama-lab awavami ukuhlola wonke amasampula ahlolwe ukuthi ane-influenza A ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe yi-influenza yezinyoni. Ngakho-ke, uma uke wavezwa ezinyonini, ezinkomeni, noma kwezinye izilwane ezingase zibe negciwane, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho. Uma isampula ihlolwe ukuthi ine-influenza A, isampula ingathunyelwa elabhorethri ekhethekile ukuze ihlolwe ukuthi ine-influenza yezinyoni.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Uma itholakale kusenesikhathi, umkhuhlane wezinyoni ungelashwa. Udokotela angase akunikeze imithi yokulwa namagciwane efana nalokhu:

• I-Oseltamivir (kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo iTamiflu®)
• I-Peramivir (i-Rapivab®)
• I-Zanamivir (Relenza®)

Lomuthi kufanele uthathwe kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela.

Ungazivikela kanjani kumkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini esingayenza ukuze sihlale siphephile kulo mkhuhlane wezinyoni. Lezi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele sizikhumbule, akunjalo?

• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela lapho usebenza nezinyoni, izilwane zasendle, kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amagilavu, imaski yobuso, kanye nezibuko.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle njalo ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokuphatha izinyoni, izilwane zasendle, nezilwane zasemapulazini, noma ngemva kokuvakashela izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuvakashela ama-zoo okufuya, amapulazi, noma izindawo eziseduze nezindawo zamanzi lapho kuhlala khona amadada namahansi.
• Ungasebenzi nezilwane ezigulayo noma eziye zachayeka kumkhuhlane wezinyoni.
• Uma kuvela ubhubhane, landela imiyalelo yeziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi eduze ukuze unciphise ukusabalala kwalo.
• Ngemva kokuvakashela izindawo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezifana namadada, amahansi nezinkukhu , khumula izicathulo zakho ngaphambi kokungena endlini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokungena kwendle yezinyoni noma ezinye izinto ezingase zibe negciwane endlini.
• Ungaphuzi noma uphathe ubisi olungaphekwanga. Gwema ukuphuza ubisi olungaphekwanga.
• Thola umjovo womkhuhlane wesizini. Nakuba lokhu kungavikeli ngqo umkhuhlane wezinyoni, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugula okungathi sína kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane amabili.

Iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi, njenge-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) e-United States, zihlala ziqapha ukusabalala komkhuhlane wezinyoni phakathi kwezilwane nabantu. Ososayensi basebenza futhi ukuthuthukisa imithi yokugoma engavimbela umkhuhlane wezinyoni noma yehlise ubukhali bawo. Le mithi yokugoma ingasetshenziswa uma kukhona ingozi yobhubhane olukhulu.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Abanye abantu abane-bird flu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, noma bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa uma ugula kakhulu, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela. Ithimba lezokwelapha lingabe seliqapha izimpawu zakho futhi likwelaphe ngokushesha uma kuvela izinkinga.

Ingabe umkhuhlane wezinyoni uyabulala?

Sekukonke, izinga lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane wezinyoni liphezulu – kuwo wonke umlando, cishe ingxenye yalabo abatholakale benalesi sifo bashonile. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamacala asanda kubikwa e-United States abe mancane, hhayi anzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukungesabi, kodwa ukuqaphela.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola umkhuhlane wezinyoni (isibonelo, uma usebenza epulazini lezinkukhu), khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuwuvimbela nokuthi ungalufuna nini usizo lwezokwelapha uma uba nezimpawu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degrees Celsius angu-40 (103 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo (okungabonakali kwabanye, ukungakwazi ukuqonda okwenzekayo eduze kwakho)
• Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ukungakwazi ukuvuka
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Intamo eqinile (njengokungathi kunzima ukugoba intamo)

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze ngivimbele ukusabalalisa umkhuhlane wezinyoni kwabanye?
• Kufanele ngihlale kude nabanye abantu isikhathi esingakanani?

Ingabe umkhuhlane wezinyoni uyinkinga ngempela manje?

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni usakazeka phakathi kwezinyoni, izinkomo, nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ungadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni uye kubantu. Lokhu kuyinkinga empilweni yezilwane zasendle, ukutholakala kokudla kwethu, kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ingabe umkhuhlane wezinyoni ungaba ubhubhane?

Yebo, kungenzeka. Cabanga nje, uma igciwane lomkhuhlane wezinyoni liba noguquko lwezakhi zofuzo futhi lisakazeka kalula phakathi kwabantu, lingaba ubhubhane. Yingakho iziphathimandla zezempilo zomhlaba zihlala ziqaphile ngalokhu.

Izinkomo zithola kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Izinkomo nezinye izilwane zithola umkhuhlane wezinyoni ngendlela efanayo nabantu. Okungukuthi, ngokuphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli ezingcoliswe yigciwane endaweni yesilwane noma ngokuxhumana ngqo noketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esinalesi sifo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Uma ubona izihloko ezinkulu mayelana nomkhuhlane wezinyoni emaphephandabeni naku-TV, ungase wesabe kancane. Kuyiqiniso. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu kubantu okwamanje, ingozi iphakeme kancane kulabo abasebenza ngezinkomo zobisi, izinyoni, noma ezinye izilwane ezingathwala leli gciwane.

Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise le ngozi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, ukwazi ulwazi olufanele, nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo noma ukwesaba nge-bird flu, khuluma nodokotela. Ukwaziswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Khumbula, ukuphepha kungcono kunokungenzi lutho.

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