Wake waba nokungezwani nezidakamizwa? (Ukungezwani Nezidakamizwa) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Uma sigula noma sinenkinga, sonke sithatha imithi ukuze silulame ngokushesha. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, yona kanye imithi esiyithathayo ukuze sizizwe singcono ingadala izinkinga ezintsha emizimbeni yethu. Wake wabhekana nokuthile okufana nokulunywa, ukubomvu, nokuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho wonke ngemva kokuthatha umuthi noma ukuthatha umjovo? Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungase ube nokungezwani nemithi . Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa . Akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho, uma sazi lezi zinto kahle, singagwema izinkinga ezinkulu.

Kuyini lokhu kungezwani nemithi?

Kalula nje, ukungezwani nezidakamizwa kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho esabela ngokweqile kokuthile okusemuthini owuthathayo. Cabanga ngakho njengeqembu labaqaphi ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, amasosha omzimba. Umsebenzi wabo ukusivikela ngokulwa nezinto eziyingozi njengamagciwane, amabhaktheriya, namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, laba balindi benza iphutha elincane. Baphambanisa into ethile nomuthi empeleni okufanele usisize ngokuthile okulimaza umzimba. Bese kuthi, lapho lowo muthi ungena emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba aqale ukulwa nalowo “mhlaseli oyingozi.” Umphumela walokhu kulwa yizimpawu okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, njengokulunywa nokusha.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala uthatha lowo muthi, ungase ungezwa lutho. Kodwa ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, amasosha omzimba wakho akhumbula lowo muthi "njengesitha." Ngesikhathi esilandelayo uthatha lowo muthi, ucabanga ukuthi, "O... lesi yisitha sangaphambilini," bese ukhipha amasosha akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies ukuze alwe nawo. Yilokhu okwenzekayo ngempela ku-allergy yezidakamizwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Okunye ukungezwani nemithi kungaba yingozi empilweni . Uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo eba nezimpawu ezinzima ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi, njengolimi noma umphimbo ovuvukile, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isiyezi, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha!

>

* Shayela ngokushesha ku-1990 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo.

* Yiya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi ezingabangela ukungezwani nemithi?

Nakuba noma yimiphi imithi ingabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, kunemithi embalwa evame kakhulu ukubangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Yile:

• Ama-antibiotic: Ikakhulukazi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Penicillin'. Abantu abaningi kuthiwa bane-allergy kulokhu.
• Imithi ye-sulfa: Lolu uhlobo lwe-antibiotic. Luqukethe 'ama-Sulfonamides'.
• Imithi engeyona eye-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID):Lena imithi esivame ukuyithatha yokwelapha ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-'Ibuprofen' (isib. i-Advil®), i-'Aspirin' (isib. i-Bayer®), kanye ne-'Naproxen' (isib. i-Aleve®).
• I-Acetaminophen (Tylenol®): Umuthi wohlobo lwe-paracetamol esivame ukuwusebenzisa.
• Ama-Opiate: Lawa ama-painkiller anamandla. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-'Morphine', i-'Codeine'.
• Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali: Imithi enikezwa iziguli ezinomdlavuza.
• Imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka.
• Izinto zokuqhathanisa (udayi) ezisetshenziswa ukuthola izithombe ezicacile kwezinye izivivinyo ze-X-ray kanye ne-CT scan.

Yimuphi umuthi obangela ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu?

Kubikwa ukuthi i-penicillin iyisidakamizwa esivame kakhulu esibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Cishe abantu abayi-10% bathi bane-allergy ku-penicillin. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezintsha zibonisa ukuthi okunye ukungezwani komzimba ne-penicillin kungaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kuvame kangakanani ukungezwani nemithi?

Noma yikuphi ukusabela okungalindelekile noma okungathandeki emthini kubizwa ngokuthi ukusabela okungekuhle kwemithi . Ngaphansi kuka-10% walokhu kusabela okungekuhle kwemithi empeleni kungukungezwani nemithi. Ngaphezu kuka-90% kuyimiphumela emibi . Imiphumela emibi yimiphumela elindelekile engahlobene nesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela kodwa ebangelwa okuthile okusemithini. Isibonelo, eminye imithi ikwenza uzizwe ulele noma uphethwe yisisu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani nemithi?

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zivame ukuqala ngemizuzu embalwa ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Lezi zimpawu kanye nobunzima bazo kungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezincane:

• Umzimba ohlunguzelayo.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-epiphora).
• Ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Kungaba bomvu, njenge-eczema, futhi kungabonakala njengama-blister amancane.
• Amaqhubu: Lawa amaqhubu abomvu, alumayo avela ngokuzumayo esikhumbeni.
• Impumulo egobhozayo.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-Angioedema): Izindawo ezizungeze amehlo, izindebe, nolimi zingase zivuvuke.

Izimpawu zokusabela okukhulu kwe-allergy (i-Anaphylaxis):

Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. I-Anaphylaxis iwukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba okungaba yingozi empilweni uma kungelashwa ngokushesha. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ungase uzizwe sengathi umphimbo wakho ucijile futhi ungase uzizwe sengathi uyacinana.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma uzizwa ukhathazekile.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma ungahlaliseki.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Izimpawu zesikhathi esidlule:

Ezimweni ezingavamile, izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingavela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, noma ngisho namasonto, ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Lezi zimpawu zingase ziqhubeke izinsuku eziningana ngemva kokuyeka umuthi. Izimpawu ezibambezelekile zifaka:

• Imfiva.
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga noma ukuvuvukala kwamalunga.
• Inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-anemia) noma inani eliphansi lama-platelet (i-thrombocytopenia).
• Ukungahambi kahle kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi egazini (`Leukocytosis` noma `Leukopenia`) noma ukwanda kwenani lama-eosinophil (`Eosinophilia`).
• Ukwehla kokusebenza kwezinso (i-nephritis) noma kwesibindi (i-Hepatitis).
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele.

Kungani lo muthi ubangela ukungezwani komzimba?

Uma une-allergy yezidakamizwa, lapho uqala ukuthatha umuthi (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzwela), amasosha omzimba wakho enza uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Umsebenzi walezi antibodies ze-IgE ukubona izinto eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni nokusiza ukuzisusa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-IgE emizimbeni yethu, ngayinye ehlose izinto ezithile ezibangela i-allergy.

Lawa ma-antibodies e-IgE ayahamba futhi ahlale esikhumbeni sethu, endleleni yokuphefumula, kanye nendlela yokugaya ukudla (i-GI tract) kumaseli aqukethe ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi ``histamine'' (ebizwa nangokuthi ``mast cells''). Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uthatha lowo muthi wokungezwani komzimba, lawo ma-antibodies e-IgE ayahamba futhi anamathele ku-allergen kulowo muthi. Ngemuva kwalokho lawo maseli e-mast anikezwa uphawu lokukhulula i-histamine namanye amakhemikhali. Le histamine yiyona ebangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezisheshayo (njengokulunywa, ama-hives). Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemizuzu embalwa.

Futhi, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi `ama-T-cells` emzimbeni wethu ngezinye izikhathi lungabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Lawa ma-T-cell aqaphela umuthi "njengowangaphandle" futhi anamathele kuwo. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka kancane, futhi kuthinta kakhulu isikhumba (njengezimpukane, ukuqubuka okulumayo).

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izimpawu zokungezwani nemithi zibonakale?

Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba ngesikhathi sokuqala bethatha umuthi. Kwabanye, izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingase zivele okwesibili, noma ngemva kokusetshenziswa okuningana.

Ingabe ukungezwani nezidakamizwa kuyathelelana?

Cha, ukungezwani nezidakamizwa akuthelelani. Awukwazi ukudlulisela ukungezwani nezidakamizwa komunye umuntu.

Ubani ongaba nomzimba ongezwani nalo muthi?

Noma ubani angaba nokungezwani nezidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, uma abazali bakho beke baba nokungezwani nezidakamizwa, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ubange noma ubangenwe nakho esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani nemithi?

Udokotela onolwazi nge-allergy, udokotela ogxile ekulweni ne-allergy, angakwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile ukungezwani nemithi. Uzokwenza izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani nemithi ngempela, futhi uma kunjalo, yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokukuhlola, udokotela uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi angase akubuze nemibuzo efana nalokhu:

• Uqale nini ukuzizwa lezi zimpawu?
• Ziyini izimpawu zakho?
• Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lezo zimpawu zikhona?
• Ingabe uke wathatha imithi yokunciphisa izimpawu zakho?
• Ingabe kuye kwadingeka uye kudokotela noma esibhedlela ngenxa yalezi zimpawu?
• Uyawathatha amavithamini noma izithasiselo zemithi?
• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onesifo sokungezwani nemithi?
• Yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengamanje (kufaka phakathi leyo ongayithola ekhemisi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela)?
• Yimiphi imithi oyisebenzisile emasontweni ambalwa edlule?
• Wake waba nokusabela okufanayo kweminye imithi ngaphambili?

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga ukungezwani komzimba?

Kuye ngokuthi umuthi osola ukuthi ubangela ukungezwani komzimba, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba . Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni ukungezwani komzimba nemithi yohlobo lwe-penicillin.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlatshwa kwesikhumba kuhilela udokotela wakho efaka inani elincane kakhulu lomuthi ocabanga ukuthi ungase ube nomzimba ongezwani nawo esikhumbeni sakho. Ngokuvamile, bahlanza indawo encane yesikhumba sakho, njengangemuva kwesandla sakho noma ingalo engenhla, bese besebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu (i-lancet) ukuhlatshwa umuthi esikhumbeni sakho.

Imiphumela ivame ukubonakala zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15. Uma une-allergy, indawo lapho umuthi usetshenziswe khona ingase ibe bomvu futhi kungase kuvele iqhubu eliphakanyisiwe (i-wheal), elifana nokulunywa umiyane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kusho ukuthi ungase ube ne-allergy kulo muthi.

Kwezinye izimo ezilinganiselwe, odokotela bangase ba-ode ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungaba usizo, ikakhulukazi uma kuyimpendulo enzima, eyephuzayo yokungezwani komzimba, futhi uma udokotela esola ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zezitho zomzimba zithintekile.

Ukwelapha kanjani ukungezwani nemithi?

Udokotela wakho angase asikisele izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Yeka ukuthatha umuthi obangele ukungezwani komzimba ngokushesha: Uma umuthi usuphumile emzimbeni wakho, izimpawu zakho kufanele zinciphe kancane kancane. Uma ubuthatha umuthi ukuze welaphe esinye isimo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza umuthi ohlukile ongakuzweli kuwo.
• Ama-antihistamine:Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela imiphumela ye-histamine ekhiqizwa emzimbeni wakho, okunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nokulunywa kanye nama-hives.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Le yimithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala esiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala kanye nokubomvu okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Le mithi iqeda izimpawu ezihlobene namaphaphu akho (njengobunzima bokuphefumula).
• I-Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen®): Uma une-allergy enkulu yemithi (njenge-anaphylaxis), udokotela wakho angase akunike le divayisi. Umuthi i-epinephrine usheshe uguqule izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani nokuthi uyisebenzisa nini.
• Ukuqeda ukungezwani komzimba: Kulokhu kwelashwa, udokotela ukunika inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amasosha omzimba wakho ayajwayelana ne-allergen futhi ayeki ukuphendula kuyo. Udokotela ukhulisa kancane kancane umthamo phakathi nesikhathi samahora, ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku, kuze kube yilapho umzimba wakho ukwazi ukubekezelela i-allergen ngaphandle kokusabela kwe-allergy.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukungezwani nemithi?

Iningi labantu liyalulama emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuyeka imithi ebangele ukungezwani komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungathatha amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga, ukuthi izimpawu ziphele ngokuphelele.

Kwenzekani uma une-allergy yezidakamizwa?

Ukungezwani nemithi akukwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ungazilawula izimpawu zakho ngokugwema imithi owaziyo ukuthi une-allergy kuyo nangokuthatha imithi enciphisa impendulo yesimiso sakho somzimba.

Ingabe ukungezwani nemithi kungavinjelwa?

Uma une-allergy yezidakamizwa, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukusabela kwe-allergy ukugwema umuthi onayo i-allergy kanye nemithi efanayo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina irekhodi lokungezwani nemithi yakho emarekhodini akho ezokwelapha ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukukwazi ngaphambi kokukunikeza imithi esikhathini esizayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi yokusabela kokungezwani nemithi.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-allergy yezidakamizwa, qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola noma yiluphi ukwelashwa (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuya kudokotela wamazinyo noma ukuhlinzwa).

Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukugcina ulwazi mayelana nokungezwani komzimba nemithi yakho ukuze abanye bazi uma ungakwazi ukuxhumana nesimo esiphuthumayo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu:

• Gcina irekhodi lempilo yakho kuhlelo lokusebenza lwezempilo ku-smartphone yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ungalufinyelela lolu lwazi kusuka esikrinini sakho sokukhiya uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
• Gqoka ubucwebe obukhethekile (isongo sezexwayiso zezokwelapha noma umgexo).
• Ikhadi elinoqweqwe ongaligcina esikhwameni sakho noma esikhwameni sakho.
• Ukudweba i-tattoo. (Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi kuwumqondo oweqisayo, abanye abantu basebenzisa le ndlela futhi.)

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngemva kokuthatha umuthi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba , iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911. Lezi zimpawu ezinzima zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Umuzwa ophuthumayo wokuphelelwa yithemba noma isiyezi.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo sishesha kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Khumbula, uma izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nalezi zingelashwa ngokushesha, zingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Udokotela ungitshela kanjani ngempela ukuthi nginesifo sokungezwani nemithi?
• Yimuphi umuthi othize obangela lezi zimpawu zokungezwani komzimba?
• Ngithatha lo muthi ngenxa yesinye isimo. Ingabe ikhona enye indlela ephephile engingayisebenzisa esikhundleni salokho?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa ngalokhu?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa udokotela angincoma lona?

Kwabaningi, imithi iyinto esiza ukulawula izimpawu nokwelapha izifo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, abakwazi ukuthatha imithi ethile ngoba amasosha omzimba abo acabanga ukuthi iyingozi. Indlela osabela ngayo ekungezwani nemithi ingase ihluke kweyomunye umuntu. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezincane njengokulunywa, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma amehlo anamanzi. Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungathinta ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngisho nokusongela impilo.

Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngemva kokuthatha umuthi, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Angenza izivivinyo ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani komzimba ngempela yini nomuthi. Angancoma nokwelashwa okudingekayo kanye neminye imithi engabangeli ukungezwani komzimba.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

• Ukungezwani nemithi kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho engasabeli kahle emithini ethile.
• Lesi simo singasukela ezimpawini ezincane njengokulunywa nokuqubuka kuya ezimpawini eziyingozi, ezisongela ukuphila njengobunzima bokuphefumula nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin kanye nama-painkiller (ama-NSAID) avame ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• Uma uba nezimpawu ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi ocabanga ukuthi une-allergy kuwo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinzima (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala komphimbo/ulimi, isiyezi), iya esibhedlela ngokushesha noma ushayele u-1990.
• Yazisa njalo odokotela bakho (kufaka phakathi odokotela bamazinyo) nganoma yimiphi imithi onayo i-allergy.
• Gcina ulwazi mayelana nokungezwani komzimba kwakho eduze uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo (isib. isongo sezokwelapha, ikhadi).

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa , ukungezwani nezidakamizwa, izimpawu zokungezwani nezidakamizwa, i-anaphylaxis, ukungezwani ne-penicillin, ubuthi bezidakamizwa, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba