Ingabe amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi mancane? Ake sixoxe nge-Microcytosis!

Ngezinye izikhathi uma uhlolwa igazi, uzizwa wesaba kancane uma ubona amagama athile embikweni, akunjalo? Elinye igama elinjalo lithi 'Microcytosis'. Kodwa ungesabi, leli akulona igama lesifo esibi. Kusho nje ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi mancane kancane kunokujwayelekile. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula kakhulu.

Kuyini i-Microcytosis?

Kalula nje, i-microcytosis iwukuba amaseli abomvu egazi egazini lakho amancane kunokujwayelekile. Asibheki lokhu njengesifo, kodwa kunalokho kuwukuthola okungabonakala ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Yilokhu ongakuthola ngokuvama ukubala igazi eliphelele (i-CBC). Cabanga ngakho njengombiko onikeza imininingwane ngamaseli egazi emzimbeni wakho.

Kukhona inani kulo mbiko we-'CBC', obizwa ngokuthi i-'Mean Corpuscular Volume' (MCV) . Leli nani le-'MCV' lisetshenziselwa ukukala usayizi ojwayelekile wamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Endabeni yomuntu omdala, uma leli nani le-'MCV` lingaphansi kwama-femtoliters angu-80 `(80 fL)`, khona-ke sithi kukhona i-microcytosis.

Ngokuvamile, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-microcytosis singaba uphawu lohlobo lwe-anemia olubizwa ngokuthi i-microcytic anemia . Kule-microcytic anemia, kukhona ukuntuleka kwe -hemoglobin eyanele kumaseli abomvu egazi. Ubuwazi ukuthi i-hemoglobin iyiprotheni ebaluleke kakhulu esiza amaseli ethu abomvu egazi ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba?

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Eqinisweni, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Microcytic Anemia siwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-anemia olubonakala kubantu abadala nezingane ezincane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Microcytosis?

Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu ezithile. Okubonakala embikweni ukuthi inani le-`MCV` liphansi.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zifana nezimpawu zesimo se-Microcytic Anemia engikhulume ngaso ekuqaleni. Ziyi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengokungathi akukho ukuphila emzimbeni.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo. Ngezinye izikhathi izindebe nolimi kungase kube mhlophe.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa amandla ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'iPica'. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma ukuntuleka kwensimbi kubangela i-microcytosis. 'I-Pica' isifiso sokudla izinto ezingadliwa njengothuli, ama-ice cubes, nobumba.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlobene nembangela eyinhloko ye-microcytosis.

Kungani kwenzeka le microcytosis?

Imbangela evame kakhulu ye-microcytosis ukuthi umzimba wakho awutholi i-iron eyanele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron . Khumbula, ngithe i-iron ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zemvelo, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha (zombili ezizalwa nazo nezitholwe), kanye nemikhuba ethile nakho kungabangela i-microcytosis.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-microcytosis:

• Ukuntuleka kwensimbi:
• Ukungatholi insimbi eyanele ekudleni: Ngezinye izikhathi ukudla esikudlayo kungase kunganikezi insimbi eyanele emizimbeni yethu. Abantu abadla imifino ikakhulukazi kudingeka baqaphele ngalokhu.
• Izinkinga zokumuncwa kwensimbi: Cabanga nje, noma udla ukudla okuqukethe insimbi, uma unesifo esifana 'nesifo se-Celiac' noma isifo sesisu esifana 'nokutheleleka kwe-H. pylori' , umzimba awukwazi ukumunca leyo nsimbi kahle. Futhi, lesi simo singavela ngemva kokuhlinzwa okufana 'nokuhlinzwa kwe-Gastric bypass' ukuze wehlise isisindo.
• Ukuntuleka kwensimbi ngenxa yokopha: Kwabesifazane, ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kungabangela ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Futhi, ukopha kwamathumbu (GI) ngenxa yesilonda esiswini noma emathunjini kungenye imbangela.

• I-Thalassemia:
• Lesi yisifo sofuzo esizuzwa njengefa. Kulesi simo, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-hemoglobin ngendlela efanele. Umuntu one-thalassemia angaba nenani elijwayelekile noma elikhuphukile lamaseli abomvu egazi, kodwa inani le-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli liphansi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypochromic microcytosis . Kwezinye izinhlobo ezincane ze-thalassemia, i-microcytosis kuphela engabonakala ngaphandle kwe-anemia.

• I-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona:
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa izifo zesikhathi eside njengezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba ( isib. isifo samathambo esibangelwa amagciwane), izifo ezingamahlalakhona, isifo sezinso, kanye nomdlavuza kungaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokusebenzisa insimbi ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo.

Izimbangela ezingavamile ze-microcytosis:

Lezi zimbalwa kancane, kodwa kuhle ukuzazi:

• Izimo ezingavamile zofuzo eziphazamisa ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwamaseli abomvu egazi.
• Ukushoda kwamaminerali (isibonelo, ukushoda kwethusi).
• Ubuthi bomthofu.

Unquma kanjani ngokunembile ukuthi une-microcytosis?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, i-microcytosis akuyona igama elisemthethweni lesifo. Kusho ukuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi mancane kunokujwayelekile.

Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izimpawu zakho, iminyaka yakho, ubulili, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze anqume ukuthi yini engabangela lokhu. Isibonelo, uma unesifo sokopha kakhulu ngesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini, kungaba yi-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Noma, uma othile emndenini wakho ene-thalassemia, lokho kungaba yimbangela.

Udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze athole ukuthi iyini imbangela yangempela.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingasiza udokotela ukuthola imbangela yalesi simo:

• I-peripheral blood smear: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi mancane ngempela nokuthi anazo yini ezinye izinkinga. Uma amaseli akho abomvu egazi anobukhulu nokwakheka okuhlukahlukene (i-Poikilocytosis), kungaba uphawu lwezinye zezifo ezibangela i-microcytosis.
• Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kwamaseli abomvu (RDW): Lokhu futhi kulinganisa ukwehluka kosayizi wamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Lokhu futhi kuyinani elitholakala embikweni we-CBC. Ngokuvamile, amaseli abomvu egazi anobukhulu obufanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukwehluka okukhulu kosayizi wamaseli (i-Anisocytosis), kunganikeza nombono ngezinye izifo.
• Amazinga ensimbi: Amazinga ensimbi aphansi egazini ayisibonakaliso se-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Amazinga e-Ferritin: I-Ferritin iyiprotheni egcina i-iron ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Ngokubheka leli zinga le-ferritin, ungathola ukuthi ingakanani i-iron etholakala emzimbeni.
• Umthamo wokubopha insimbi iyonke (TIBC): Lokhu kuhlolwa, uma kwenziwa kanye namazinga ensimbi kanye ne-ferritin, kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuxilongeni ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Kungasiza futhi ekutholeni i-anemia ebangelwa izifo ezingamahlalakhona noma ukuvuvukala.

Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi akukho ukushoda kwensimbi, ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi imbangela iyi-thalassemia, kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okufana ne-hemoglobin electrophoresis kanye nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo .

I-Microcytosis iphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike embangeni wesibalo sakho esiphansi samaseli abomvu egazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ungenazo izimpawu futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingeyona embi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki.

Kuye ngembangela, ukwelashwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Izinguquko ekudleni: Ukwengeza ukudla okune-iron eningi (isib. inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yesoya (i-tofu), uphizi, ubhontshisi, imifino, izithelo) ekudleni.
• Izithasiselo zensimbi: Lezi zinikezwa abantu abane-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela uma i-anemia inzima kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza lona ngokuhambisana nenkinga eyisisekelo.

Ingabe i-Microcytosis ingabuyiselwa emuva?

Lokho kuncike futhi esibangweni. Ezimweni eziningi, i-microcytosis izophela uma isimo esiyisisekelo seselashwa. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani amaseli akho egazi kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Kwenzekani uma ingelashwa?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-microcytosis noma i-microcytic anemia ozodinga ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esibucayi esibangela ukuba amaseli akho abomvu egazi abe mancane, kubalulekile ukuthi sixilongwe futhi selashwe ngokushesha. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi udinga ukwelashwa yini nokuthi yini ongayilindela ekwelashweni.

Ingabe i-Microcytosis iyingozi kakhulu?

I-Microcytosis imane nje iyisici samaseli akho abomvu egazi. Kungaba uphawu lwesifo esidinga ukwelashwa (kanye nezinye izimpawu). Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, akuyona into embi kangako, futhi kungase kube yinto oyibonayo embikweni.

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi i-microcytosis yakho isho ukuthi kukhona yini isimo esidinga ukwelashwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise le ngozi?

Akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela zonke izifo ezingabangela ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokulandela imikhuba ethile yezempilo.

Isihluthulelo salokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-iron eyanele ekudleni kwakho. Ukudla okucebile nge-iron kufaka phakathi:

• Ukudla kwasolwandle okufana ne-tuna ne-mackerel
• Imikhiqizo esekelwe ku-soya (i-Tofu)
• Imifino efana nobhontshisi, ubhontshisi oluhlaza, ubhontshisi kanye ne-lentile
• Imifino eluhlaza okotshani njengespinashi, i-kale, kanye nemifino ye-collard
• Izithelo ezifana namadethi nama-raisin
• Inyama, ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, imbuzi) kanye nenkukhu

Futhi, uma uke wahlinzwa esiswini noma unesinye isimo esinciphisa ikhono lakho lokumunca insimbi ekudleni, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izithasiselo zensimbi ozidingayo.

Uma unesifo esikubeka engcupheni yokuthola i-anemia, njenge-thalassemia noma isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, landela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho sendlela yokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uthola ukuthi une-microcytosis, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Ungase ufune ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• 'Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke nge-MCV yami ephansi?'
• 'Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo engizodinga ukuzenza ukuze ngithole imbangela ye-microcytosis?'
• 'Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa?'
• 'Hlobo luni lwemiphumela okufanele ngiyilindele ekwelashweni?'
• 'Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila engingayenza ukuze ngiguqule lesi sifo?'

Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-microcytosis nomdlavuza?

I-Microcytosis ngezinye izikhathi ingaba uphawu lomdlavuza, kodwa ngokuvamile iyisibonakaliso sezinye izimo. I-Microcytosis ivame ukuba uphawu lokuntuleka kwensimbi. Into ebalulekile ukungesabi bese ucabanga ukuthi umdlavuza (noma okunye) kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho echaza ukuthi kwenzekani ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma ubona umphumela ongavamile ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nezigaba ezingavamile akusho ukuthi uyagula noma udinga ukwelashwa. Izindinganiso ezifana ne-"MCV" zimane nje ziwulwazi olusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda impilo yakho iyonke. Cela udokotela wakho isiqondiso sokuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ingathinta kanjani ukwelashwa kwakho kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu?

Kulungile, ake sixoxe ngezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Microcytosis akuyona isifo, imane nje isho ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi mancane kunokuvamile.
• Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala nge-"CBC" (inani legazi eliphelele).
• Imbangela evame kakhulu ukuntuleka kwensimbi, kodwa kungaba nezinye izimbangela, njenge-thalassemia kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• Abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu. Uma bezibona, bangase bakhathale, babe bomvu, futhi babe nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola imbangela.
• Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki nhlobo.
• Ungesabi! Uma ubona ukuthi i-MCV yakho iphansi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.
• Kubalulekile ukugcina ukudla okunempilo, ikakhulukazi ukudla ukudla okune-iron eningi.

Khumbula, lolu lwazi lungolwezinjongo zokunikeza ulwazi kuphela, hhayi ukukwesabisa ucabange ukuthi unesifo. Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

'I-Microcytosis, Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, I-Anemia, Ukuntuleka kwensimbi, i-Hemoglobin, i-MCV