Ingabe siyalwazi lolu hlobo lwesifo sokuphefumula esibizwa ngokuthi i-MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)?

Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe nge-MERS ngaphambili. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sonke sijwayelene kakhulu ne-coronavirus. I-MERS nayo iyilungu lomndeni we-coronavirus, kodwa iyisifo sokuphefumula esihlukile kancane, ngezinye izikhathi esibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukufunda kancane ngaso ngawe nomndeni wakho, akunjalo? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Kuyini i-MERS?

Kalula nje, i-MERS yisifo esithambile, esinzima, futhi esinzima ukuphefumula esithinta amaphaphu ethu. Sibangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane elibizwa ngokuthi iCoronavirus . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, leli gciwane libizwa ngokuthi i-'MERS-CoV' (i-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Lesi sifo saqala ukubikwa emhlabeni ngo-2012 eSaudi Arabia. Yingakho sibizwa ngokuthi "i-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome".

Ake sifunde kancane ngeCoronavirus

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ziyini lezi coronavirus nokuthi kungani ziyingozi kangaka. Empeleni, ama-coronavirus awalona igciwane elilodwa, kodwa iqembu elikhulu lamagciwane. Ngokuvamile athelela izinyoni, noma izilwane ezincelisayo njengezinja, amakati, nezinkomo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi la magciwane ayashintsha futhi aguquke, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi athelele nabantu.

Ososayensi bathole la ma-coronavirus okokuqala maphakathi nawo-1960. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ze-coronavirus ezingenza abantu bagule. Ezine zazo zibangela izimpawu ezincane, ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye ezintathu zinzima kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingasongela ukuphila. Lezi ezintathu yilezi:

• `SARS-CoV` (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Lokhu kwatholakala ngo-2003. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ukwesaba okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
• `MERS-CoV` (I-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Lesi yisona esikhuluma ngaso manje. Satholakala ngo-2012.
• `SARS-CoV-2`: Leli yigciwane elibangele isifo 'se-COVID-19' sonke ebesilwa naso muva nje.

Ivame kangakanani i-MERS?

Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sivame kangakanani ukubizwa ngokuthi i-MERS? Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), kusukela ngoJanuwari 2020, amacala e-MERS angu-2,519 kuphela abikwe emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2012. Nakuba lezi ziguli zibikwe zivela emazweni angu-27, ama-80% alezi ziguli, okungukuthi, ayisishiyagalombili kwayishumi, abikwe evela eSaudi Arabia. Njengabo bonke abanye, lokhu kuye kwatholakala ngemva kokuya emazweni ase-Arabian Peninsula, okungukuthi, amazwe afana ne-Iraq, i-Iran, i-Israel, iSaudi Arabia, neSiriya, noma ngemva kokuhlala lapho. Njengoba izwe lethu liya kula mazwe ngenxa yomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngisho nase-United States, kubikwe iziguli ezimbili kuphela ze-MERS. Zombili zingabasebenzi bezempilo, abaye eSaudi Arabia.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MERS?

Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi obani abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MERS. Cabanga ngala maqiniso:

• Kulabo abasanda kuhamba baye e-Arabian Peninsula (isib. iSaudi Arabia, iQatar, i-United Arab Emirates).
• Kulabo abaye baya e-Arabian Peninsula futhi ababesondelene kakhulu nomuntu owagula kamuva.
• Kulabo abaye baxhumana eduze nomuntu okuqinisekisiwe ukuthi uthelelekile nge-'MERS-CoV'.
• Uma ungumsebenzi wezempilo , uke wasebenzisana eduze nesiguli se-MERS futhi awuzange ulandele izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula ukutheleleka.
• Kulabo abake bathintana ngqo namakamela, noma abake badla inyama yekamela engaphekiwe, noma abake baphuza ubisi lwekamela olungaphekiwe. (Lokhu akubalulekile kakhulu eSri Lanka, kodwa kubalulekile kulabo abaya eMpumalanga Ephakathi).

Igciwane le-MERS livelaphi?

Cabanga ngokuthi la magciwane avelaphi. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izifo ezifana ne-MERS, i-SARS, kanye ne-COVID-19 zaqala elulwaneni, zabe sezisakazekela kwezinye izilwane, ekugcineni nakubantu.

• Okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi igciwane le-MERS-CoV landa lisuka kumalulwane laya emakameleni kanye nasuka emakameleni laya kubantu .
• Igciwane le-SARS-CoV lafika kubantu ngama-civet (isilwane esincane esincelisayo esitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia).
• Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi igciwane le-COVID-19 lavela kusiphi isilwane kubantu.

I-MERS idluliselwa kanjani?

Njengezinye izifo ezithelelanayo, igciwane le-MERS-CoV lihlala endleleni yethu yokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, lidluliselwa kakhulu ngamaconsi okuphefumula akhishwa lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

I-MERS iyisifo esithathelwanayo. Kodwa-ke, ayizange isakazeke ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke njenge-COVID-19. I-MERS idinga ukuxhumana okuseduze kakhulu ukuze isakazeke. Njengaphakathi kwamalungu omndeni noma lapho unakekela isiguli esibhedlela. Izikhulu zezempilo azikaze zibone ukusabalala komphakathi wonke.

Futhi, amakamela angadlulisela ama-MERS. Amakamela eSaudi Arabia nakwamanye amazwe azungezile anezinhlobo ze-MERS ezifana nezinhlobo ze-MERS ezibangela izifo kubantu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amakamela adlulisela ama-MERS kubantu ngenkuthalo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-MERS?

Umuntu one-MERS angase angabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Noma, angase abe nezimpawu ezincane ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungadlulela esimweni esibi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila. I-MERS ivame ukubangela izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela
• Umkhuhlane (mhlawumbe umkhuhlane ophezulu)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Abanye abantu babike nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza. Izimpawu ze-MERS zivame ukuqala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi nane ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleli gciwane.

Yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-MERS?

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke uma i-MERS iba nzima kakhulu. Yilapho okudingeka sigxile khona kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-MERS ingathuthuka ibe yi-pneumonia , ukwehluleka kokuphefumula, kanye nesidingo sokuphefumula ngomshini . Kungaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwezinso.

Kuthiwa izinga lokufa kwe-MERS licishe libe ngu-35%. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abathola i-MERS uzofa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba phansi kakhulu. Leli nani alihlanganisi iziguli ezinezimpawu ezincane, ezingaxilongwanga noma ezingabikwanga.

Lesi sifo cishe siba sibi kakhulu kubantu abanezinye izimo eziyisisekelo ezenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Isibonelo:

• Umdlavuza
• Isifo senhliziyo esingamahlalakhona
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona
• Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (isib. i-asthma, i-COPD)
• Isifo Sikashukela (`Isifo Sikashukela`)
• Abantu asebekhulile

I-MERS itholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma usanda kuhamba noma kuphi, ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ephakathi, noma uke wathintana nabantu abagulayo noma amakamela.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwelabhorethri kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unesifo se-MERS esisebenzayo noma esidlule. Udokotela wakho angathatha amasampula amaningana, njengalawa:

• Isampula yomgudu wokuphefumula ophansi: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uqoqe isikhwehlela (noma i-phlegm) esitsheni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho angafaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-bronchoscope) emphinjeni wakho ukuze athathe isampula yesikhwehlela emaphashini akho.
• Isampula yomgudu wokuphefumula ongaphezulu: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula ngaphakathi kwekhala noma emphinjeni ongaphezulu usebenzisa i-swab.
• Isampula ye-serum: I-serum yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho. Udokotela uthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese elijikeleza ngomshini osheshayo (i-centrifuge). I-serum ibe isihlukaniswa namaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Le serum ibe isihlolwa ama-antibodies enziwe ngokumelene negciwane.

Akuwona wonke amalabhorethri agunyaziwe ukuhlola i-MERS-CoV. Udokotela wakho angathumela isampula elabhorethri yomnyango wezempilo wesifundazwe sakho noma esikhungweni esikhethekile, njenge-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Iphathwa kanjani i-MERS?

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okuvunyelwe kwe-MERS. Okusho ukuthi, akukho muthi othize ongabulala igciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuwukunakekelwa okusekelayo, okusiza ukulawula izimpawu zakho ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka.

• Uma unezimpawu ezincane , ungaphumula ekhaya bese uthatha imithi efana ne-paracetamol yokwelapha ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane.
• Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sibi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela. Uma kunjalo, ungenza izinto ezinjengalezi:
• Nikeza uketshezi oluphuma emzimbeni (vimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
• Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe (ngezinkinga zokuphefumula).
• Uma ukuphefumula kungenzeki, kusetshenziswa umoya womoya osebenza ngomshini.
• Uma izinso zihluleka, i-dialysis nayo ingenziwa.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwe-MERS kwabanye? (Uma une-MERS)

Uma wazi noma ucabanga ukuthi une-MERS, kufanele nakanjani wenze lezi zinto ukuze ugweme ukuyisabalalisa kwabanye:

• Hlala ekhaya ngokushesha. Hlala ekamelweni elihlukile kwabanye abantu. Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa indlu yangasese ehlukile.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi (okungenani imizuzwana engama-20). Uma usebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla, kufanele sibe okungenani no-60% wotshwala.
• Gqoka imaski yobuso uma usegumbini nabanye abantu.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Lahla ithishu esetshenzisiwe ebhodleleni likadoti elivaliwe ngokushesha bese ugeza izandla zakho futhi.
• Shayela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uye kuye ubatshele ukuthi ungaba ne-MERS ukuze bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
• Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, isibonelo, uma unenkinga yokuphefumula ekhulayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Imisebenzi evamile ingaqhubeka nini?

Uma uzizwa uphilile manje, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi evamile. Umnyango wezempilo wendawo noma umnyango wezempilo wesifundazwe uzokunikeza isiqondiso sokuthi kufanele uhlale isikhathi esingakanani ekhaya ukuze uvimbele ukusabalalisa i-MERS kwabanye. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho seziphelile futhi uhlolwe ungenayo igciwane.

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-MERS? (Izindlela zokuvimbela)

Okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela i-MERS. Izindlela zokuzivikela kuma-MERS zifana kakhulu nalezo zazo zonke ezinye izifo zokuphefumula:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuphuma, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, vala umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ingaphakathi lendololwane yakho.
• Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, nomlomo ngezandla zakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo.
• Gcina izindawo ezisetshenziswa njalo (izibambo zeminyango, amatafula, amafoni) zihlanzekile futhi usebenzise isibulali-magciwane.

Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwe-MERS, ikakhulukazi okuvela emakameleni, yenza okulandelayo (kulabo abaya emazweni afana neMpumalanga Ephakathi):

• Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuphatha amakamela. Gwema ukuthinta amakamela agulayo ngazo zonke izindlela.
• Gwema ukudla ubisi lwekamela olungaphekiwe kahle kanye nenyama yekamela engaphekiwe kahle.
• Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona (isib. isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo), noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, gwema ukuya ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona amakamela noma uxhumana namakamela.

Ungazivikela kanjani lapho unakekela umuntu one-MERS?

Uma uhlala noma unakekela umuntu one-MERS, izikhulu zezempilo zincoma ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuqapha:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski yobuso, ingubo, namagilavu ​​​​uma uthinta uketshezi lomzimba walowo muntu (isb., amathe, ukhilimu) noma uketshezi oluphumayo.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​uma ugeza izitsha, amathawula, izinto zokulala, kanye nezingubo. Zigeze ngokwehlukana nezinto zabanye abantu. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokususa amagilavu.

Kwenzekani uma kwenzeka i-MERS? (Isibikezelo)

Uma ungakaze uye e-Arabian Peninsula, noma uma uke waya lapho futhi ungazange uhlangane eduze nomuntu onezimpawu, amathuba akho okuthola i-MERS aphansi kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki.

Kodwa-ke, uma uthola i-MERS, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isimo esibucayi, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze futhi akunikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ukuze aphathe izimpawu zakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-MERS (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula) futhi ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yigciwane le-MERS-CoV (isib., usanda kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, uke wathintana nomuntu oke wathintana namakamela), kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ze-MERS zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongela impilo. Ngakho-ke, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, shayela udokotela wakho noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.

Izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba (Umyalezo Ohamba Nawo Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba ende:

• I-MERS iyisifo sokuphefumula esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi kakhulu. Akulula ukuthi sitholakale ngaphandle kokuhamba siye e-Arabian Peninsula noma ukuxhumana eduze nomuntu oke waba lapho futhi onezimpawu.
• Uma uhlela ukuvakashela iNhlonhlo yase-Arabia, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina inhlanzeko eyisisekelo. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, futhi uqaphele amakamela. Gwema ubisi lwekamela olungaphekiwe kanye nenyama yekamela engaphekiwe kahle.
• Uma usola ukuthi une-MERS, shayela udokotela ngokushesha. Bangenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi bakunike isiqondiso sendlela yokuphatha lesi sifo nokuvimbela ukuthi singasabalali kwabanye.
• Ukuqwashisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Ukuqaphela lezi zifo kusisiza ukuthi sizivikele kuzo.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

` I-MERS, i-coronavirus, i-Middle East respiratory syndrome, isifo sokuphefumula, amakamela, igciwane, izimpawu