Ingabe inhliziyo yakho nayo ihlushwa yile nkinga? Ake sifunde nge-myocarditis!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele nje, uphelelwa umoya? Noma uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho sibuhlungu kancane, noma inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile? Lezi kungaba izinto ezivamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa yinkinga yenhliziyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuvuvukala, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala, kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-myocarditis.

Kuyini i-myocarditis?

Kalula nje, i-myocarditis ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo yakho, i-myocardium. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi uma sithola isilonda esikhumbeni sethu, indawo iyavuvukala, ibomvu, futhi ibe buhlungu. Uma lokho kwenzeka emisipheni yenhliziyo, sikubiza ngokuthi i-myocarditis.

Uma imisipha yenhliziyo ivuvukala ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kungaphazamiseka. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi. Lesi yisimo esingavamile , okusho ukuthi asivamile kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangase babe naso ngokuzumayo, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-myocarditis ihlukile kwezinye izimo zokuvuvukala kwenhliziyo. Isibonelo:

• I-Pericarditis ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo.
• I-Endocarditis ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kwama-valve enhliziyo.

Kukhona nezinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile ze-myocarditis:

• I-myocarditis ye-lymphocytic
• I-myocarditis yamaseli amakhulu
• I-Fulminant myocarditis
• I-Eosinophilic myocarditis

Kuzwakala kanjani ukuba ne-myocarditis?

Abantu abaningi abane-myocarditis bangase babe nokukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye bangase babe nokuhlaselwa okungazelelwe okukhulu. Lapho i-myocarditis iba nzima kakhulu, izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zingase zivele. Yilapho inhliziyo iyeka ukusebenza kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Myocarditis?

Ungase ungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Noma ungase ube nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ubukhali balezi zimpawu bungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca noma ulele phansi)
• Ukukhathala okukhulu, ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane (uma uhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka ngegciwane)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba (obungase buzwe bubukhali, buhlaba, noma bufane nokucindezeleka esifubeni)
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokusheshaUkushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• I-Vertigo (ukuzizwa sengathi uyajikeleza)
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ukuquleka
• Isifiso sokudla
• Umzimba ongenampilo
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze noma amaqakala
• Ukungakwazi ukuzivocavoca

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi cishe amacala ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 e-myocarditis abikwe emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi simo singathinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-10 no-20 kwabangu-100,000 . Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi akuvamile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma ubani angasithola.

Kungani i-myocarditis ikhula?

Ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukuthola imbangela ethile ye-myocarditis. Kodwa-ke, imbangela evame kakhulu ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Amanye amagciwane abangela i-myocarditis yile:

• Igciwane leflu
• Igciwane le-Herpes lesithupha
• I-Adenovirus
• Igciwane le-Coxsackie
• I-Parvovirus B19
• Igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Yiziphi ezinye izizathu?

I-Myocarditis ingabangelwa ezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwamagciwane:

• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane
• Ukutheleleka ngefungus (lokhu akuvamile kakhulu)
• Isifo seChagas
• Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo - Isibonelo, i-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-lupus. Lezi yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana awo.
• Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile - isibonelo, imisebe noma izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kungenxa yemithi ethile?

Yebo, i-myocarditis ingenzeka njengomphumela ongemuhle wemithi ethile. Eminye yale mithi ihlanganisa:

• Eminye imithi yesifo senhliziyo
• Imithi yokucindezeleka (Ama-antidepressant)
• Imithi yokwelapha ukuxhuzula
• Ama-antibiotic
• Eminye imithi yokwehlisa isisindo
• Imithi yokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni (i-diuretics)
• I-Benzodiazepines (uhlobo lomuthi obangela ukozela nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka)
• Eminye imithi yezinkinga zempilo yengqondo

Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-myocarditis kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19?

Yebo, lokhu kubalulekile. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube namacala e-myocarditis kubantu abathole umuthi wokugomela i-Pfizer-BioNTech® noma i-Moderna® COVID-19, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha. Izimpawu zingavela phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuthola umuthi wokugomela.

Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.Abantu abaningi abake baba ne-myocarditis kulo muthi wokugomela balulame ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa futhi babuyela empilweni evamile. Kodwa-ke, uma usune-myocarditis, kufanele nakanjani uthintane nodokotela wenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala ukuzivocavoca futhi.

I-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ithi ingozi yokuthola i-COVID-19 idlula kakhulu ingozi yalo mphumela ongemuhle ongavamile, ngakho-ke basancoma ukuthola umuthi wokugomela.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-myocarditis?

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi esingenakuzishintsha. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-myocarditis uma une:

• Uma usemncane. Kodwa, lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala.
• Uma uyindoda. Kodwa abesifazane nabo bangayithuthukisa.
• Impendulo yomzimba wakho ekuvuvukeni ayinhle. I-Myocarditis ayisona isifo esizuzwa njengefa. Kodwa-ke, izakhi zofuzo zakho zingathinta indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekuvuvukeni kanye nengozi yakho yokuba ne-myocarditis.
• Uma uphuza utshwala obuningi kunalokho okunqunywe udokotela wakho.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingandisa ingozi ye-myocarditis. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Dialysis (i-dialysis - ukuhlunga igazi lapho izinso zingasebenzi kahle)
• Amadivayisi enhliziyo afakwe
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuba nomugqa ophakathi wemithambo yegazi ofakwe emthanjeni

Ingozi yokuthola i-myocarditis iphezulu uma unalezi zimo:

• Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)
• I-HIV/AIDS
• Amanxeba esikhumba noma izifo
• Umdlavuza welashwa ngemithi ethile
• Izinkinga zokudla
• Isifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina
• Ingozi esifubeni

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-myocarditis?

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zempilo ngenxa ye-myocarditis. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-Cardiomyopathy - Ukuqina noma ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Izinkinga zamaphaphu
• I-Arrhythmia - ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo - isimo esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa ukungakwazi kwenhliziyo ukupompa igazi elanele
• Ukufa kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-myocarditis?

Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa lezi zinto ukuze anqume ukuthi une-myocarditis:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzokwenza izinto ezifana nokulalela inhliziyo yakho nokuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.
• Umlando wezokwelapha: Uzobuzwa nganoma yiziphi izifo oke waba nazo ngaphambilini, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo, nokuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo.
• Ukuhlolwa Okukhethekile: Kungenziwa ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe yi-myocarditis noma enye inkinga, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• Iskena se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Singathola izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo: Ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu zenhliziyo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
• Iskeni se-PET (Positron Emission Tomography): Sisiza ekutholeni izindawo zokuvuvukala enhliziyweni.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlola usayizi wenhliziyo nokuthi kukhona yini uketshezi oluqongelelekayo emaphashini.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Ukulinganisa ingcindezi emakamelweni enhliziyo nokuhlola ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo.
• I-ECG/EKG (i-Electrocardiogram): Iqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Ingabona ukungalingani ekushayweni kwenhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabheka izinto ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, nokuthi inhliziyo iphampa kahle kangakanani igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga ama-enzyme aqongelela egazini lapho imisipha yenhliziyo yonakele, kanye nezimpawu zokuvuvukala.

Ingabe i-myocarditis ingelapheka? Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Uma une-myocarditis encane, ingaxazululeka yodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi.

Ingabe ingelapheka ngomuthi?

Yebo, udokotela angakunikeza imithi elandelayo yokwelapha i-myocarditis:

• Imithi yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Le mithi isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokunciphisa izimpawu. Isibonelo, ama-ACE inhibitors, ama-beta blockers, ama-diuretics.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa uhlobo lomuthi onciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• I-immunoglobulin ye-Intravenous (IV) (IVIG): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokwelapha eshintsha ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala.

Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuzodingeka?

Uma i-myocarditis ibangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile, futhi isimo sibi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe idivayisi efana nale:

• I-LVAD (Idivayisi Yokusiza I-Ventricular Yesobunxele): Idivayisi esiza i-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo ukupompa igazi.
• I-Pacemaker: Idivayisi efakelwe ukulungisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• Ukufakelwa inhliziyo (Inhliziyo yomnikelo): Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, inhliziyo enempilo evela komunye umuntu kungadingeka ifakelwe.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yokuthola i-myocarditis?

Ngeshwa, izimbangela eziningi ze-myocarditis (ikakhulukazi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane) kunzima ukuzivimbela. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugeza izandla zakho njalo futhi uhlale uphilile. Lokhu kuzokusiza ugweme izifo ezingabangela i-myocarditis.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthola umjovo wakho womkhuhlane ngesikhathi. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni nakho kuyizinto eziyingozi ongazilawula.

Liyini ikusasa uma ngiba ne-myocarditis?

Ukubikezela kwakho nge-myocarditis kuncike ekutheni izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani nokuthi kungakanani ukuvuvukala enhliziyweni yakho. Abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngemva kokwelashwa. Abanye kungadingeka baqhubeke nokuphuza imithi. Futhi, unengozi encane yokuthola i-myocarditis futhi.

Kwabanye abantu, i-myocarditis ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njenge-cardiomyopathy evulekile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ikhula futhi iba buthakathaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo, okungadinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo. Kuthiwa i-myocarditis nayo iyimbangela yokufa okungazelelwe kwentsha okungama-20%. Nakuba abantu abaningi belulama, ingaba yisimo esisongela ukuphila.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abaphakathi kuka-50% no-80% abane-viral myocarditis baphila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi intsha, bayalulama ngokugcwele futhi baphila impilo enempilo nesebenzayo.

Singayiphatha kanjani i-myocarditis?

Uma une-myocarditis kanye, ingaphinde yenzeke eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu futhi. Ukuze uhlale uphilile, yenza lezi zinto:

• Qiniseka ukuthi uya kudokotela ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
• Phuza imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
• Ungazivivinyi umzimba kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuthi wenze kanjalo.
• Nciphisa usawoti ekudleni kwakho.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Ungaphuzi utshwala.

Futhi, udokotela kungadingeka aphinde ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukwenza ukuxilongwa (isib., i-echocardiogram, i-MRI scan).

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma uya kudokotela, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kungani ngithole i-myocarditis?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa kwe-myocarditis?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngihlale ngiphilile?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Myocarditis yisimo esingavamile esingenza imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ibe buthaka. Ngeshwa, izinto eziningi ezibangela lokhu kunzima ukuzivimbela. Nakuba abanye abantu bengase babe nezimpawu ezinzima, abantu abaningi baphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngemva kokwelashwa.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuqhubeka ubona udokotela wakho ngesikhathi, uphuze imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje uyalelwe, bese wazisa udokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zibuya. Ungesabi, kodwa qaphela lokhu.

I- myocarditis, ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, imisipha yenhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, isifo senhliziyo, ukutheleleka ngegciwane