Ake sifunde ngama-Neuroendocrine Tumors ngendlela elula.

Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa ukhathele, unezinhlungu zesisu, noma uzizwa ungakhululekile ngendlela engachazeki? Sivame ukuzishaya indiva lezi zinto njengezivamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu ezincane, kungase kube nesimo esingavamile kodwa esibalulekile okufanele sisiqaphele. Esinye salezo zimo, esingajwayelekile kodwa esibalulekile yizimila ze-neuroendocrine, noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, `Ama-Neuroendocrine Tumors (ama-NET).` Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngakho ngamagama alula.

Ziyini lezi zimila ze-neuroendocrine (ama-NET)?

Kalula nje, lolu uhlobo olungavamile lwesimila olwakheka emizimbeni yethu. Lokhu kuqala 'kumaseli ethu e-neuroendocrine'. Manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lwamaseli lawa. Okumangalisayo ukuthi lawa maseli anezakhiwo zamaseli ezinzwa kanye nezakhiwo zamaseli e-endocrine, akhiqiza ama-hormone. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lawa maseli angathola imiyalezo evela ohlelweni lwezinzwa futhi akhulule ama-hormone egazini ngenxa yalokho.

Lawa maseli e-neuroendocrine atholakala ezindaweni eziningi emzimbeni wethu. Avame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezifana namaphaphu, isisu, i-pancreas, kanye namathumbu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ngesizathu esithile lawa maseli eqala ukuhlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngokungalawuleki, kwakheka isimila. Eziningi zalezi zimila ziyingozi, okusho ukuthi zingaba umdlavuza.

Lezi zimila zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ezinye zikhula kancane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zikhula ngokushesha. Futhi, izimpawu zazo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi indawo kanye nohlobo lwesimila.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zala mantongomane?

Odokotela bahlukanisa la mathumba ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Enye isekelwe ekutheni akhiqiza ama-hormone noma cha.

• Ama-NET Asebenzayo: Lezi zinhlobo zama-NET zikhiqiza ama-hormone. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-hormone okukhulunywa ngayo ikhula emzimbeni, laba bantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokushaqeka okungazelelwe, ukujuluka, kanye nokuqunjelwa.
• Ama-NET angasebenzi: Lezi zinhlobo zama-NET azikhiqizi ama-hormone. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka angabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Izimpawu zivela kuphela lapho ama-NET ekhula, ebeka ingcindezi esithweni atholakala kuso, noma ephazamisa ukusebenza kwaso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimila zihlukaniswa ngokwezindawo ezakheka kuzo emzimbeni. Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko, lezi zimila azivamile ukukhula ezindaweni ezifana ne-thyroid gland, i-parathyroid gland, i-pituitary gland, kanye ne-adrenal glands.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Emhlabeni wonke, lesi sifo sithinta abantu abangaba ngu-6 kwabangu-100,000 . Lokhu kusho ukuthi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inani labantu abatholakale benalesi sifo liye landa kancane eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuxilonga manje kuvumela ukuthi la mathumba atholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kalula.

Nakuba lesi sifo singathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, asivamile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Ngokuvamile sivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-60 .

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Lena inselele enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokuvamile, la mathumba awabangeli zimpawu aze akhule ngokwanele ukuthi athinte izitho eziseduze. Ngisho noma kuvela izimpawu, ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi simila sikuphi. Futhi, lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu nezezinye izifo ezivamile kangangokuthi zingaphambaniswa kalula nezinye izimo.

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ukukhathala
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izikhathi kunegazi)

Kungani la mathumba akheka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi kungani la maseli e-neuroendocrine eqala ukuhlukana ngokungazelelwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi abakayazi imbangela eqondile okwamanje.

Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi abantu abanezimo ezithile zofuzo ezingavamile, ezizuzwe njengefa (ama-syndromes) basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zimila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi simo singabangelwa izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwezinye izakhi zofuzo.

• I-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN): Lesi simo sibangela ukwakheka kwamathumba ezindlala nasezithweni ezahlukahlukene. Abantu abanalesi simo, ababizwa ngokuthi i-MEN type 1 (MEN1), basengozini enkulu yokuthola amathumba e-pancreatic (P-NETs).
• I-Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: Lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza kanye nezimila ezivamile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis: Kulesi simo, kwakheka izimila esikhumbeni nasezinzwa.
• I-Tuberous sclerosis complex: Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amathumba akheke noma kuphi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni.
• I-Cowden syndrome: Lesi simo sandisa nengozi yokuthola izimila kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, izimpawu zalesi simo zivamile kakhulu, kungathatha isikhathi ukuxilonga. Uma udokotela wakho esola lokhu, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi ucabanga ukuthi isimila sikuphi.

Iyini isigaba kanye nezinga lesimila?

Uma sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unalesi sifo, udokotela uzoxoxa ngesigaba saso kanye nezinga laso.

• Isigaba: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ususabalale kangakanani. Ngokuvamile uhlukaniswa kusukela esigabeni 1 kuya ku-4. Uma inani liphansi, isimila siba sincane futhi sisabalale kancane. Isigaba 4 ngokuvamile sisho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalale ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba (i-metastatic).
• Izinga: Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana abukeka engajwayelekile kangakanani ngaphansi kwe-microscope nokuthi ahlukana ngokushesha kangakanani. Izimila zebanga loku-1 nelesi-2 (ezihlukaniswe kahle) zikhula kancane, kuyilapho izimila zebanga lesi-3 (ezihlukaniswe kabi) zikhula ngokushesha.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi lesi sigaba kanye nebanga kuthinta kanjani isimo sakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Indlela yokwelapha incike ezintweni eziningi, njengohlobo lwesimila onaso, ubukhulu baso, ukuthi sisabalale yini, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko nesetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu. Uma isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, amathuba okuphulukiswa aphezulu.

Kodwa-ke, uma izimila zikhulu noma zisakazekele kwezinye izindawo, kungadingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

• Ama-Somatostatin analogues: Lawa uhlobo lwemithi evimba umzimba ekukhiqizeni i-hormone eningi kakhulu. Anganciphisa izimpawu futhi alawule ukukhula kwesimila.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Imithi enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Le mithi ihlose izakhi zofuzo noma amaprotheni athile atholakala kumaseli omdlavuza kuphela bese iwahlasela, ngaleyo ndlela ibangele umonakalo omncane kumaseli anempilo.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ethile kulokhu. Isibonelo, indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-'peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT)' isebenzisa into ekhipha imisebe ukuhlasela izimila ezikhiqiza ama-hormone nokuzibhubhisa.

Ungaphila kanjani nalesi sifo?

Uma uthola ukuthi unama-NET, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Ingabe lokhu kungalapheka? Lizoba njani ikusasa lami?

Ukubikezela lesi sifo kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwesimila, ukuthi sisabalale yini, nokuthi sisabela kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa licishe libe ngu-39%.

Ukuqeda ukwelashwa akusho ukuthi konke sekuphelile. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimila zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi zingaphinde zivele ngemva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha iminyaka eminingi.

Ungazinakekela kanjani?

Lesi sifo kanye nokwelashwa kwaso kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni wakho nasemqondweni wakho.

• Joyina amaqembu okusekela: Ukulwa nomdlavuza wedwa kunzima. Ikakhulukazi uma unesifo esingavamile njengalesi, kungaba nzima ukuthola abantu abaqonda ubuhlungu bakho. Buza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngamaqembu okusekela abantu abanalesi simo.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ingabangela ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Xhumana nodokotela wezokudla ukuze uthole iseluleko ngokudla okuzokusiza ukugcina amazinga akho amandla.
• Thola ukwesekwa kwengqondo: Lolu hambo alulula njengoba ucabanga. Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile ngokomzwelo, ungabi namahloni okufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.
• Qaphela ukuphuza utshwala: Utshwala bungadala ezinye izimpawu, ngakho xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphuza utshwala.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma une-NET, qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho. Ikakhulukazi, uma uzwa ukuhlanza okungazelelwe, ukukhukhumala kwesisu, noma ukuphefumula, lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-carcinoid syndrome. Ezimweni ezinjalo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Futhi, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kunzima ukuyibekezelela, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?

Kunezimo lapho ama-NET angathinta inhliziyo. Uma uzwa ukuvuvukala okungavamile emilenzeni noma emaqakaleni akho, futhi ngokuzumayo uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).

Okokugcina, kuyinto evamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi uma ufunda ngesifo esingavamile njengalesi. Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nokubuza yonke imibuzo yakho kungasiza kakhulu ekukusizeni ukuthi ulawule impilo yakho.