Kunzima ukusho ngamazwi ukwesaba nokukhathazeka umuntu akuzwayo lapho etholakala enomdlavuza. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, namuhla kunezindlela ezithuthukile kakhulu neziphumelelayo zokwelapha umdlavuza. Ngokungafani nesikhathi esidlule, manje kunezindlela ezithile zokwelapha ezihlose futhi zihlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngendlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziselwa umdlavuza we-colorectal. Leyo yi-Monoclonal Antibody Therapy.
Ziyini lezi zi-Antibodies ze-Monoclonal?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikuqonde lokhu, ake sibheke uhlelo lokuzivikela lwemvelo lwemizimba yethu. Lapho umhlaseli wangaphandle, njengegciwane noma igciwane, engena emizimbeni yethu, uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lwenza amaprotheni akhethekile ukuze luwathole futhi luwabhubhise. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies. Kufana nebutho elivikela izwe.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi leli butho line "ithimba lamabutho akhethekile" eliqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi elaziyo ukuhlasela ithagethi elilodwa kuphela. Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal anjalo. Lawa ama-antibodies athile adalwe ngokwenziwa elabhorethri. Aklanyelwe ukuthola ithagethi elilodwa, alinamathisele, futhi alibhubhise. Kulokhu, lelo thagethi iseli lomdlavuza.
Inzuzo enkulu yalokhu kwelashwa ukunemba kwayo. I-chemotherapy yendabuko ifana nebhomu. Nakuba ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ingalimaza namaseli anempilo emzimbeni wethu. Yingakho i-chemotherapy ibangela imiphumela emibi njengokulahlekelwa izinwele nokukhathala. Kodwa ukwelashwa kwe-Monoclonal Antibody kufana "ne-missile eqondiswayo." Iya ngqo esitokisini somdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ungalindela imiphumela emibi embalwa.
Imithi evimba "umzila wokuphila" womdlavuza
Umdlavuza awuyona nje inqwaba yamangqamuzana. Ufana nefektri encane. Udinga ukondliwa ukuze ukhule, ube mkhulu. Ukuze uthole lokhu kondliwa, amangqamuzana omdlavuza azenzela imithambo yegazi emisha. Kwezokwelapha, le nqubo siyibiza ngokuthi i-angiogenesis . Yile mithambo yegazi lapho umdlavuza uthola khona ukondliwa okudingayo ukuze uphile.
Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa amanye ama-antibody e-monoclonal ukuvimba ukwakheka kwaleyo mithambo yegazi. Kufana nokunqamula "ukunikezwa" kukaphethiloli kumdlavuza. Umuthi omkhulu kuleli klasi yi -Bevacizumab (Avastin) .
Isebenza kanjani i-Avastin?
Amaseli omdlavuza akhipha isignali ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) . Uma lesi signali samukelwa, umzimba uqala ukwenza imithambo yegazi emisha. Umuthi i-Avastin usebenza ngokuvimbela leso signali se-VEGF. Lokhu kuvimbela umdlavuza ekwenzeni imithambo yegazi emisha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphandle kokudla, ukukhula komdlavuza kuyehla noma kuyeke.
I-Avastin iyindlela yokwelapha evunyelwe yomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu osusakazeke (wasakazeka) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Nakuba ingawulaphi ngokuphelele umdlavuza, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi i-Avastin, uma inikezwa nge-chemotherapy, yandisa isikhathi sokusinda kweziguli cishe ngezinyanga ezinhlanu.
Eminye yemithi emisha kuleli klasi ifaka phakathi i-`Fruquintinib (Fruzaqla), i-`ramucirumab (Cyramza)` kanye ne-`ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap).` Lezi zisebenza futhi ngokuphazamisa uhlelo lokubonisana lwe-VEGF.
Indlela i-Avastin enikezwa ngayo kanye nemiphumela yayo emibi
I-Avastin umuthi onikezwa ngemithambo yegazi noma nge-IV. Ngokuvamile unikezwa njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu kanye ne-chemotherapy. Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi lo muthi uthuthukisa imiphumela ye-chemotherapy, kodwa awubonakali usebenza kahle uma unikezwa wodwa ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki ongase ukuzwe ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa nangesikhathi sakho.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-Bevacizumab (Avastin) | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi evamile evame ukubonakala | |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo | Ikhanda elibuhlungu |
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme | Isifiso sokudla |
| Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu) | |
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha | |
| Ukubhoboka kwekholoni (kungadinga ukuhlinzwa) | Ukulimala kwezinso kanye nokwanda kwamaprotheni emchameni |
| Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ubuhlungu besifuba | Ukuncipha kokuphulukiswa kwenxeba (ngakho akufanele kusetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa) |
| Izinkinga zokopha ngokweqile noma ukujiya kwegazi | |
Izidakamizwa ezivala "ushintsho lokukhula" kumaseli omdlavuza
Ake sixoxe ngolunye uhlobo lwe-antibody ye-monoclonal. Lokhu akusebenzanga ngendlela esishilo ngayo ngaphambili. Le mithi ihlasela ngqo iphrotheni ethile ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) .
Kalula nje, le EGFR ifana "nokushintsha" okutshela iseli lomdlavuza ukuthi "likhule, likhule." Cishe ama-75% omdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu anale phrotheni ye-EGFR.
Imithi i-cetuximab (Erbitux) kanye ne -panitumumab (Vectibix) isebenza ngokunamathela kuleyo "switch" ebizwa ngokuthi i-EGFR bese iyivala. Lokhu kuvimbela isignali yemvelo etshela amangqamuzana ukuthi akhule ekuhlanganeni neswitch. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayayeka ukukhula.
I-Erbitux ne-Vectibix zisetshenziselwa bani?
Yomibili le mithi ivunyelwe umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu osusakazeke (osusakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu . Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, udinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezakhi zofuzo (`ukuhlolwa kokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo`) kwamaseli akho omdlavuza. Lokho kuhlolwa yikho okunquma ukuthi le mithi izosebenza yini kumdlavuza wakho noma cha. Lokhu akufanele wonke umuntu.
I-Erbitux inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi kanye ngesonto. Inikezwa yodwa noma ngomuthi we-chemotherapy i-irinotecan (Camptosar). I-Vectibix inikezwa njalo emavikini amabili, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa neminye imithi eminingi ye-chemotherapy.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-Erbitux ne-Vectibix | |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga zesikhumba: amabhamuza afana nezinduna, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, isikhumba esomile. (Khumbula, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusabela kwesikhumba kungaba uphawu lokuthi umuthi usebenza ngokumelene nomdlavuza!) | Imfiva |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenampilo | Ukuqunjelwa |
| Ubuhlungu besisu | Ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba okufana nobunzima bokuphefumula kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi |
| Ukusabela okwenzekayo lapho umuthi unikezwa emzimbeni | |
Zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziqondile kakhulu. Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza kanye nempilo yakho. Ungenzi izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulokho okufundile ku-inthanethi noma kulokho okushiwo ngomunye umuntu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Monoclonal Antibody iyindlela yokwelapha ekhethekile eyakhiwe elabhorethri ehlasela futhi ihlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela.
- Kunezindlela ezahlukene ezisebenza ngazo. Eminye imithi ivimba ukuphakelwa kwegazi kumdlavuza, kanti eminye ivimba izimpawu ezikhishwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze akhule.
- Lokhu kwelashwa akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngaphambi kokuba kunikezwe eminye imithi, kungadingeka wenze ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze ubone ukuthi umuthi uzosebenza yini kumdlavuza wakho.
- Njengayo yonke imithi, lena inemiphumela emibi. Ungesabi ngayo, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokucacile ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.
- Udokotela wakho okwelaphayo kuphela ongakunikeza iseluleko nesiqondiso esingcono kakhulu mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho komdlavuza, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe.
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