Ingabe leli gciwane elingavamile liyawathinta namaphaphu akho? (Isifo Samaphaphu se-NTM) Ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wezwa ngohlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-`Nontuberculous Mycobacteria` (NTM) elibangela isifo samaphaphu? Lokhu akuvamile, okusho ukuthi akusona isifo esitholwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Kalula nje, lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo samaphaphu se-NTM senzeka lapho la magciwane abizwa ngokuthi i-NTM engena emaphashini ethu futhi ebangela ukutheleleka lapho. Mhlawumbe leli gama lisha kuwe, kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngesiSinhala ongasiqonda.

Iyini le nkinga yamaphaphu e-NTM? Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zayo?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi siyini lesi sifo samaphaphu se-NTM, nokuthi ngabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zaso. Lesi isifo esithinta amaphaphu kuphela. Sibona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo:

1. I-nodular bronchiectasis: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalesi sifo futhi luncane kakhulu. Ngokukhethekile, yisimo lapho kuvela khona amaqhubu amancane (izigaxa ezincane) emaphashini, okubangela ukuba i-bronchi ikhule (i-bronchiectasis). Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane asebeyekile ukuya esikhathini (okungukuthi, labo abayeke ukuya esikhathini) kanye nabangabhemi . Nakuba sincane, singadala izinkinga uma singelashwa.

2. Isifo samaphaphu se-Cavitary NTM: Lesi uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwalesi sifo kunohlobo lwangaphambilini. Sibonakala ngokukhula kancane kancane kwemigodi, noma imigodi, ezicutshini zamaphaphu akho. Cabanga ngaso njengezikhala ezincane, ezingenalutho emaphashini akho. Njengoba lokhu kuqhubeka, ukuphefumula kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula . Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo, labo asebebheme iminyaka eminingi, noma labo abanezinye izifo zamaphaphu, njenge-emphysema .

Ngakho-ke iyini le NTM?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi hlobo luni lwebhaktheriya i-NTM. `I-Nontuberculous mycobacteria` (NTM) umndeni wamabhaktheriya akhula kancane, okusho ukuthi awaphindaphindi futhi akhule ngokushesha. Atholakala yonke indawo ngokumangalisayo endaweni yethu. Isibonelo, la mabhaktheriya angatholakala enhlabathini, emanzini (imifula, emifuleni, ngisho nasemanzini ompompi), kanye nothuli . Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikhululeke ngokuphelele kuwo.

Enye into ekhethekile ngala magciwane e-NTM ukuthi amelana nezibulala-magciwane ezivamile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, la magciwane e-NTM anekhono elimangalisayo lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabulala ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awafi ngisho noma uwageza ngamanzi ashisayo.

Ubunzima balesi sifo, ukwelashwa okunikezwayo, kanye nezinga lokululama kunqunywa yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye sazo ukuthi,Uhlobo luni lwebhaktheriya (`uhlobo`) olubangela ukutheleleka? Okunye ukuthi ngabe lesi sifo siyi-`nodular bronchiectatic` noma i-`cavitary` okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini . Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya emndenini we-NTM, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kubantu:

• I-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC): Emazweni afana ne-United States, izifo zamaphaphu ze-NTM zivame ukubangelwa yileli qembu lamagciwane.
• I-Mycobacterium abscessus: Lolu uhlobo olunzima kakhulu futhi olunzima ukwelapha.
• `I-Mycobacterium kansasii`: Lena enye indlela ehlukile.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo samaphaphu se-NTM?

Akuwona wonke umuntu oguliswa yi-NTM bacteria. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo, noma basengozini enkulu . Okusho ukuthi, abantu abanezimo ezithile ezingabangela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo bangathinteka. Ikakhulukazi, uma unezinye izifo zamaphaphu, amathuba amaningi okuthola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu yi-NTM. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele:

• I-pneumonia ephindaphindayo: Abanye abantu bathola izifo zamaphaphu njalo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimo ezifana ne-'aspirate pneumonia', lapho izinto esiziphefumulayo (njengokudla neziphuzo) zingangena emaphashini ethu bese zitheleleka .
• Isifuba somoya: Lesi yisimo esivamile kubantu abaningi. Isifuba somoya senza imigudu yomoya emaphashini ibe bucayi, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ihlaselwe yizifo ze-NTM.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Lokhu kuthiwa kuyisici esiyinhloko esibangela ingozi yokuthola isifo samaphaphu se-NTM. Kulokhu, i-bronchi ( izindlela zomoya) emaphashini ziyavuleka unomphela, zivuleke, futhi izindonga zawo ziba buthakathaka. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi amafinyila abhajwe, okudala indawo enhle yokukhula kwamagciwane.
• Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD): Lesi yisifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona esivame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo.
• I-Cystic fibrosis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Siphinde sibangele ukwakheka kwamafinyila aminyene emaphashini, okuholela ekuthelelekeni.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu: Ngenxa yokuthi amaphaphu omuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu abuthakathaka, izifo ezifana ne-NTM zingavela kalula.
• Isifo Sofuba (TB): Abantu abake baba nesifo sofuba futhi balimala amaphaphu abo nabo basengozini yokuthola i-NTM.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala , noma unezimo zezokwelapha ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho (isib. igciwane lesandulela ngculaza/i-AIDS , isifo samathambo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga,Uma une-Sjögren's syndrome (ebangela izimpawu ezifana namehlo nomlomo owomile), noma uma uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba (isib. i-chemotherapy , ama-corticosteroids aphefumulayo ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma), usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo samaphaphu se-NTM.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu se-NTM?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakala lapho lesi sifo samaphaphu se-NTM siqala. Uphawu oluyinhloko oluvame ukubonakala ukukhwehlela . Lokhu kukhwehlela akufani nje nokukhwehlela okuza nomkhuhlane ovamile. Kuyi:

• Kungaba isikhathi eside . Lokho kusho ukuthi kungahlala amasonto noma izinyanga.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukhwehlela, ungase uveze igazi elincane kanye ne-mucus . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-hemoptysis' ngokwezokwelapha.
• Ukukhwehlela kungaba nzima kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukulala ebusuku. Ungase uvuke ukhwehlela ngenkathi ulele.
• Uketshezi olujiyile, okungenzeka ukuthi lunombala lungase luphume .

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhwehlela, kungase kuvele nezinye izimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, kodwa ungase ube nezinye zalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela.
• Ukukhathala/ukukhathala ngokweqile: Hhayi ukukhathala nje kuphela, kodwa nomuzwa wokungabi namandla kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani.
• I-Anorexia: Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.
• Umkhuhlane ophansi one-malaise: Akuyona imfiva ephezulu, kodwa izinga lokushisa lomzimba lihlala liphezulu.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku: Uvuka ujuluka umzimba wonke ngenkathi ulele.
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka: Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia zenzeka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngisho nangomzamo omncane noma lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki: Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukudla.
• Umsindo wokuphefumula lapho uphefumula: Kuzwakala umsindo wokushaya ikhwela esifubeni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okungapheli.

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu se-NTM siyathelelana?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo futhi abafuna ukuwazi. Eqinisweni, amagciwane e-NTM awavamile ukudluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhuluma nomuntu one-pneumonia ye-NTM noma uphuza enkomishini ayisebenzisile, ngeke uwuthole. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje kuyamukelwa ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esithathelwanayo .

Kodwa-ke, kukhona into eyodwa. Phakathi kwabantu abanesifo sofuzo esithi "cystic fibrosis", ezinye izifo (abacwaningi basaphenya ukuthi lezi zifo ze-NTM nazo ziphakathi kwazo) azisakazeki kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabantu abaningi, asikho isizathu sokwesaba ukusabalala kwesifo samaphaphu se-NTM.

Isifo samaphaphu se-NTM sihlolwa kanjani ngokunembile?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukuhlonza isifo samaphaphu se-NTM kungaba yinselele ngoba izimpawu zaso azicacile. Okusho ukuthi, zifana kakhulu nezezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezivame kakhulu (isib. i-pneumonia, isifo sofuba, i-bronchitis).

Ukuze kutholakale isifo, okungenani izinto ezintathu kufanele zihlangatshezwe:

1. Ukuba khona kwezimpawu: Izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambilini kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

2. Izinguquko ku-X-ray yesifuba noma ku-CT scan: Lezi zivivinyo zibheka amaqhubu, izimbobo, noma i-bronchiectasis emaphashini.

3. Ukukhula kwamagciwane e-NTM kusampula yesikhwehlela: Isikhwehlela osikhwehlelayo (esingaxutshwa namathe) sithathwa futhi sihlolwe elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amagciwane e-NTM futhi akhula kuso.

Uma unesifo, ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-NTM olubangela lokhu kubalulekile ekwelapheni.

Ezinye zezivivinyo ezenziwe ngalokhu yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi alalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope.
• Izifundo zokuthatha izithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuhlola izinguquko ezicutshini zamaphaphu. I-CT scan inganikeza isithombe esicacile kune-X-ray.
• Ukukhuliswa kwe-sputum: Lesi yisilingo esibaluleke kakhulu. Into yokuqala ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuxubha amazinyo akho, kuzodingeka ukhwehlele inani elikhulu le-sputum bese ulifaka ebhodleleni elikhethekile. Ukuze wandise ukunemba kokuhlolwa, kuzodingeka unikeze isampula izinsuku eziningana (ngokuvamile okungenani izinsuku ezintathu). Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ungakwazi ukukhwehlela i-sputum kahle, udokotela wakho angase athathe isampula emigudwini yomoya emincane emaphashini akho esebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscopy . Uchwepheshe uzobe esehlola isampula ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese ehlanza amagciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu emaphashini: Lokhu akwenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Uma kungafinyelelwa esiphethweni esicacile ngokuhlolwa kwe-sputum noma kwezinye izivivinyo, noma uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kukhona esinye isifo, kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu emaphashini bese ihlolwa.

Yini enye okudingeka uyazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-NTM?

Kukhona okunye okubalulekile okufanele ukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-NTM. Abantu abaningi banesifo iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba baxilongwe.Lesi sifo samaphaphu se-NTM singaba khona. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zivela kancane kancane, abanye abantu abasinaki. Uma uqhubeka nalesi sifo, umonakalo omkhulu emaphashini akho uyanda futhi ingozi yakho yezinkinga iyanda.

Uma usuvele welashwa esinye isimo samaphaphu (isib. i-asthma, i-COPD), kodwa izimpawu zakho (njengokukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya) ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, ungase uzuze ngokuhlolwa ukutheleleka kwe-NTM. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwalesi sifo kuvela kodokotela abanolwazi olukhethekile kanye nolwazi ngalesi sifo. Isibonelo , odokotela bezifo zamaphaphu kanye nodokotela bezifo ezithathelwanayo .

Isifo samaphaphu se-NTM selashwa kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sixoxe ngokwelashwa kwalokhu. Ukwelashwa okufanele kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-NTM ebangela ukutheleleka kwakho, uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu se-NTM onaso (i-nodular bronchiectatic noma i-cavitary) , kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo jikelele kanye nesimo sakho samanje sempilo .

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwalokhu ama-antibiotic . Kodwa lokhu akuwona nje umuthi owuthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili bese uwuyeka. Lawa ma-antibiotic kufanele athathwe njalo izinyanga eziningana, ngezinye izikhathi unyaka noma ngisho nangaphezulu . Ngokuvamile, akuyona nje i-antibiotic eyodwa, kodwa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zama-antibiotic okumele zithathwe ndawonye .

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zesifo, okusho ukuthi amaphaphu alimele kakhulu futhi kwakheke imigodi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuze kususwe izicubu zamaphaphu ezinegciwane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Uma ama-antibiotic engalawuli kahle isifo sakho, noma uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela imiphumela emibi yama-antibiotic, odokotela bangase bacabangele ukuhlinzwa. Abantu abanegciwane le-Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) ngezinye izikhathi bangase baphume igazi emaphashini ngenxa yalokhu kutheleleka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kumiswe ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-NTM?

Yebo, nalona umbuzo obalulekile. Ukuthatha ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside, okungukuthi, izinyanga, kungabangela imiphumela emibi . Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yile:

• Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
• Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
• Isifiso sokudla
• Isisu esibuhlungu

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-antibiotic (akuwona wonke) angabangela izinguquko zokuzwa (njengokuncipha kokuzwa), izinguquko zokubona (njengokubona okufiphele), ukulimala kwesibindi, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba.Izinto ezinjalo azivamile ukwenzeka.

Ungakhathazeki! Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngale miphumela emibi. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuzwa kuzokwenziwa njalo ukuze kuqashwe le miphumela emibi.

Lezi zinkinga zingenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, uma unenkinga yokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukushintsha umthamo, akunike umuthi ohlukile, noma asebenzise ezinye izindlela zokulawula imiphumela emibi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi amabhaktheriya amelane nomuthi, okungenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu.

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu se-NTM singavinjelwa?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele ukuchayeka kumagciwane e-NTM ngoba atholakala kakhulu endaweni yethu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezilula ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu e-NTM:

• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka okuhle: Ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo kungasiza ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane afana namagciwane e-NTM. Kuphinde kunciphise amathuba okutheleleka uma ubhekene namagciwane.
• Goma: Kubalulekile ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ngoba uma uthola umkhuhlane noma i-pneumonia, ukululama esifweni samaphaphu se-NTM kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi amaphaphu akho angaba buthaka nakakhulu.
• Yeka ukubhema nemikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele: Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kuyingozi kakhulu emaphashini. Kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo zamaphaphu kanye nezifo ezifana ne-NTM. Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ukubhema kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza emaphashini akho. Uma udinga usizo ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela.

Liyini ikusasa labantu abanesifo samaphaphu se-NTM?

Lokhu kuncike kakhulu esimweni somuntu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo sohlobo lwe-`non-cavitary` (non-cavity, okusho ukuthi akukho zimbobo emaphashini), bayalulama ngokuphelele. Amathuba akho kanye nesivinini sokululama kuncike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu se-NTM onaso (isb., i-nodular bronchiectasis noma i-cavitary?).
• Yiluphi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-NTM olubangele ukutheleleka? (Ezinye izinhlobo zisabela kangcono ekwelashweni kunezinye.)
• Umlando wakho wezempilo jikelele (njengezinye izifo, amasosha omzimba, njll.).
• Ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukubekezelela ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic isikhathi eside (inkinga uma kufanele uyeke umuthi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi).
• Uzothola futhi imithi efanele yama-antibiotic, efanele isifo sakho kanye nohlobo lwamagciwane.
• Uma une-bronchiectasis, ikhono lakho kanye nokuzimisela kwakho ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuhlanza umoya (njengokuzivocavoca ukususa ulwelwesi) kubalulekile.

Okubalulekile: Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuphumelele, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuphindaphinda okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwesifo samaphaphu se-NTM. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu nokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Yini ebalulekile uma uphila nesifo samaphaphu se-NTM?

Ukuphila nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa amagciwane e-NTM ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinselele kancane. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezilula nezisebenzayo ongazenza ukuze uhlale uphilile futhi ukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka:

• Gwema umswakama kanye nomusi: Amabhaktheriya e-NTM ayachuma ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukusebenzisa ama-hot tub, ama-spa, nama-sauna ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma usekhishini noma endlini yokugezela, uma umusi uqoqana, vula 'ifeni yokuphefumula' / 'ifeni yokukhipha umoya'. Uma ugeza, ungashiyi amanzi egeleza isikhathi eside bese ugcwalisa indlu yokugezela ngomusi.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Ukugcina ukudla kwakho kulinganisela futhi kunempilo kuzonika umzimba wakho amandla nezakhamzimba ozidingayo ukulwa nezifo. Faka amaprotheni amaningi (inhlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, ubisi, amantongomane), uketshezi (amanzi, isobho, ujusi wezithelo), kanye nemifino nezithelo ekudleni kwakho.
• Yenza izivivinyo ezinconywa udokotela wakho: Imisebenzi elula yomzimba (njengokuhamba) ingakhulula amafinyila emaphashini akho futhi kwenze kube lula ukuwakhwehlela. Ingathuthukisa namandla akho nokukhuthazela kwakho. Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ngokuzivocavoca okufanele wena.
• Gqoka imaski yobuso uma kudingeka: ​​Njengoba amabhaktheriya e-NTM angaphila othulini nasenhlabathini, ukugqoka imaski yobuso lapho uvakashela izindawo ezifana notshani obusanda kugundwa, izindawo ezisanda kutshalwa, amapulazi, kanye nezindawo ezinothuli kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo ku-NTM ngezinga elithile.

Ake siyise lo myalezo ekhaya.

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngesifo samaphaphu se-NTM. Ekuphetheni, nansi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

Isifo samaphaphu se-NTM siwukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya (`Nontuberculous Mycobacteria`) ekhula kancane endaweni esikuyo, njengenhlabathi namanzi. Abantu abanezinye izifo zamaphaphu (ikakhulukazi i-`Bronchiectasis`) kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo.

Kungaba nzima ukuxilonga nokwelapha, njengoba izimpawu zifana nezinye izifo zamaphaphu futhi ukwelashwa kungathatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke,Abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nezeluleko.

Uma unalesi sifo, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi usengozini yokusithola, ukugwema umswakama, ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle, futhi, uma kudingeka, ukugqoka imaski yobuso uma uphuma ngaphandle ezindaweni ezinothuli kungaba usizo kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, i-phlegm enegazi, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ungamane nje ukukuthathe njengento engahleliwe, kodwa bona udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha ukuze akunike iseluleko. Ungakhathazeki, ngokuxilongwa okufanele nokwelashwa, lesi simo singalawulwa kahle. Awuwedwa, futhi odokotela bakhona ukukusiza.

Isifo samaphaphu se -NTM, i-Nontuberculous mycobacteria, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, amabhaktheriya, isifo sokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, ama-antibiotic