Uma ulwa nomdlavuza webele, siyazi ukuthi uhambo lungaba nzima kangakanani. Ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zesimanje, manje sekukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu komdlavuza webele. Yingakho inani labesifazane abalulamayo kumdlavuza nalo likhula. Kodwa phakathi nale mpi, ungase ube sengozini yenkinga yezempilo ongase ungayazi. Okusho ukuthi, amathambo aba buthakathaka, abe mncane, futhi aphuke kalula. Lokhu sikubiza kwezokwelapha ngokuthi 'i-Osteoporosis'. Ngenxa yokuthi ivame ukuza ngaphandle kwezimpawu, abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi "isifo esithule". Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzifundisa ngalokhu.
Kuyini ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza webele nokuncipha kwamathambo?
Kalula nje, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi komdlavuza webele kanye ne-osteoporosis. Lokhu kungenxa yezici eziningana.
Cabanga ngalokhu: Umdlavuza webele uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60. Ingozi yokulahlekelwa amathambo nayo iyanda kule minyaka. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, lapho amazinga e-estrogen emzimbeni ehla. I-estrogen iyi-hormone esiza ukugcina amathambo ethu eqinile. Ngakho-ke lapho le hormone incipha, amandla amathambo ethu nawo aqala ukwehla kancane kancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza ngokwawo ubangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Lokhu kwandisa izinga lapho amangqamuzana amadala amathambo ephuka khona futhi kwehlise izinga lapho kwakheka amangqamuzana amasha amathambo. Lesi esinye isizathu esenza amathambo abe buthakathaka.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi cishe ama-80% abantu abasindile emdlavuza webele asebekhulile basengozini yokulahlekelwa amathambo.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuwenza kanjani amathambo abe buthaka?
Ukulahlekelwa amathambo akubangelwa umdlavuza kuphela. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza nazo zingakuthinta ngqo lokhu. Ikakhulukazi, ukwelashwa ngamahomoni kanye ne-chemotherapy kungabangela ukwehla kobuningi bamathambo. I-Osteopenia ingaqala, okungabe sekuqhubekela phambili ekubeni yi-osteoporosis.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa amathambo okubangelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungenzeka ngokushesha okuphindwe kasikhombisa kunalokho okwenzeka ngokwemvelo lapho umuntu eguga.
Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomdlavuza webele zine-hormone receptor-positive. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhuthazwa ukuba akhule ngama-hormone afana ne-estrogen. Ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kusebenza ngokunciphisa amazinga e-estrogen emzimbeni, noma ngokuvimbela i-hormone. Nakuba lokhu kubalulekile ekulawuleni umdlavuza, ngeshwa futhi kuphuca amathambo ethu i-estrogen ayidingayo.
Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza eziyinhloko ezingathinta amathambo.
| Uhlobo lokwelashwa | Indlela ethinta ngayo amathambo |
|---|---|
| I-Tamoxifen | Lo muthi uvimba ukusebenza kwe-hormone i-estrogen kumaseli omdlavuza. Nakuba ukhulisa kancane ingozi yokuncipha kwamathambo kwabesifazane ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, unciphisa ingozi kwabesifazane ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. |
| Ama-Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) | Le mithi (isib. i-Anastrozole, i-Letrozole) inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen emzimbeni, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuncipha kwamathambo. |
| Ukucindezelwa Kwesibeletho | Ama-ovari ayayeka ukukhiqiza i-estrogen. Lokhu kungenziwa okwesikhashana ngemithi efana ne-Goserelin (Zoladex) noma ngokususwa kwama-ovari unomphela. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa amathambo. |
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Nakuba le mithi enamandla ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ingalimaza nama-ovari futhi ibangele ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini esemncane, okwandisa ingozi yokuncipha kwamathambo. |
Ezinye izinto ezandisa ingozi
Ngesikhathi ulashwa umdlavuza webele, ingozi yakho yokuncipha kwamathambo ingaba phezulu nakakhulu uma lezi zici ezilandelayo zisebenza nakuwe:
- Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala.
- Ukubhema.
- Ukuphuza ngokweqile nsuku zonke.
- Njengoba ngike ngaphuka amanxeba ngaphambili.
- Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-steroid.
- Isisindo somzimba singaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-57 (amakhilogremu angu-125).
Uma okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kusebenza kuwe, sicela uqiniseke ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi yakho. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, kodwa kubalulekile ukwaziswa kusenesikhathi.
Ungayihlola kanjani impilo yamathambo?
Udokotela wakho angaqapha impilo yamathambo akho ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa lokhu ukuskena kwe-DEXA .
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu, okulula kakhulu. Kufana ne-X-ray ekhethekile. Kukala ubuningi bamaminerali ethambo lomgogodla wakho kanye nenqulu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukwenza lokhu kuskena ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa bese ukukugcina njengokulinganisa okuyisisekelo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungakuqhathanisa kamuva ukuze ubone ukuthi ubuningi bamathambo akho bunciphile yini.
Umphumela walokhu kuhlolwa unikezwa njenge-T-score. Uma leli nani lingu-2.5 noma ngaphansi, kubhekwa njenge-osteoporosis futhi kungadingeka ukwelashwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezinikezwayo ukuqinisa amathambo?
Uma unesisindo esiphansi samathambo noma usengozini yokuphuka kwamathambo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokuqinisa amathambo. Basebenzisa ithuluzi elifana nethuluzi le-FRAX ukuze babale ingozi yakho.
| Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa | Ukusebenza kanye nezibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-bisphosphonates | Lokhu kuvimbela ukulahlekelwa amathambo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamathambo. Kunikezwa njengamaphilisi noma imijovo yemithambo yegazi. Izibonelo: I-Alendronate, i-Ibandronate, i-Zoledronic acid. |
| I-Denosumab (Denosumab - Prolia) | Lokhu kuyindlela ehlukile kulabo abangakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-bisphosphonates. Inikezwa njengomjovo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6. Lokhu kunciphisa nokuwohloka kwezicubu zamathambo. |
| I-Raloxifene (i-Raloxifene - i-Evista) | Isebenza njenge-hormone i-estrogen emathanjeni, iwaqinise. Isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha i-osteoporosis. |
Izinto ongazenza wena ukuze uvikele amathambo akho
Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila kungasiza ekugcineni amathambo akho eqinile.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D. Lezi zakhamzimba ezimbili zibalulekile emathanjeni. Udinga cishe ama-milligram ayi-1000-1200 e-calcium kanye nama-unit angama-800-1000 aphesheya kwezilwandle (IU) e-vitamin D ngosuku. Lokhu kutholakala ngobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi, i-yogurt, ushizi, imifino eluhlaza okotshani (isipinashi, i-kale), kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane (njenge-sardine). Uma ungatholi okwanele ekudleni kwakho, cabanga ngokuthatha isithasiselo ngaphansi kweseluleko sezokwelapha .
- Yenza izivivinyo zokuthwala izinsimbi. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, nokudlala ithenisi zicindezela amathambo akho futhi ziwaqinise. Ukuphakamisa izinsimbi nokusebenzisa amabhande okumelana nakho kuhle kakhulu.
- Yeka ukubhema notshwala ngokuphelele. Kokubili lokhu kwenza amathambo abe buthaka. Ukubhema, ikakhulukazi, kunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca i-calcium ekudleni.
Ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza, xoxa njalo ngempilo yamathambo akho nodokotela wakho. Ungesabi ukubuza nganoma yiziphi izinkinga noma imibuzo ongase ube nayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza webele kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha (ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa ngama-hormone) kungenza amathambo akho abe buthaka futhi kwandise ingozi yakho ye-osteoporosis.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lesi "yisifo esingabonakali," kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu kusenesikhathi, kunokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho bese ucabanga ngokuskena kwe-DEXA uma kudingeka.
- Ungavikela amathambo akho ngokudla ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D, ukwenza ukuzivocavoca okuqinisa isisindo, nokugwema ukubhema/utshwala.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yini ephathelene nempilo yakho, ikakhulukazi noma yiziphi izinkinga eziphathelene nempilo yamathambo.
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