Ingabe ingane yakho ibilokhu ikhala ngomlenze noma ingalo ebuhlungu muva nje? Ungase ucabange ukuthi iwele ngenkathi idlala, noma ukuthi ikhathele kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba khona into engathi sína kakhulu ngemuva kwalokhu buhlungu obuqhubekayo bamathambo. Ngakho-ke ungalokothi uyishaye indiva. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esisodwa esibi kangaka, i-osteosarcoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo oluvame ukuhlasela izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha.
Kalula nje, iyini i-osteosarcoma?
I-Osteosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emathanjeni . Luqala njengamaseli ajwayelekile amathambo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa maseli aba amaseli abulalayo (anomdlavuza), ahlangane ndawonye, abese enza amathumba ngaphakathi noma phezu kwethambo. Lawa mathumba enza buthaka futhi akhubaze ithambo eliphilile.
Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-osteogenic sarcoma. Lapha, igama elithi 'sarcoma' liyigama elijwayelekile lomdlavuza okhula ezicutshini zomzimba wethu, njengamathambo, i-cartilage, kanye nemisipha. Igama elithi 'osteo' lisho 'ithambo'. Igama elithi 'osteogenic' lisho ukuthi likhiqiza amangqamuzana amathambo.
Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha . Ingozi yokuluthola iphezulu kakhulu ngezikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo nokukhula.
Yimaphi amathambo angase abe nalo mdlavuza?
Umdlavuza we-osteosarcoma uvame ukuvela emathanjeni amade omzimba wethu. Okusho ukuthi, emathanjeni amade ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Uvame kakhulu emaphethelweni ala mathambo, okungukuthi, eduze kwamalunga. Cabanga ngezindawo ezifana nedolo, isinqe kanye nehlombe.
Ake sichaze lokhu kabanzi ngethebula elingezansi.
| Izindawo lapho umdlavuza uvame ukwenzeka khona | Izindawo lapho umdlavuza ungavamile khona |
|---|---|
| Ithambo lethanga (i-Femur) | Umhlathi |
| Ithambo lesifuba (i-Tibia) | I-pelvis |
| Ithambo lengalo engenhla (iHumerus) | Ugebhezi |
| (Ikakhulukazi eduze kwedolo nehlombe) | Izicubu ezithambile esiswini nasesifubeni |
Kusho ukuthini 'ibanga' lomdlavuza?
Odokotela bahlukanisa umdlavuza we-osteosarcoma ngalokho abakubiza ngokuthi 'ukuwuhlela'. Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza ungasakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Okusho ukuthi, ikhono lawo lokusabalala (ukusabalala kwezicubu) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamazinga.
- Izinga eliphansi: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula kancane kakhulu . Isikhathi esiningi, luhlala lapho luqale khona futhi alusabalali kalula.
- Izinga Eliphezulu: Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi luvame ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (njengamaphaphu).
- Izinga eliphakathi: Lesi yisimo esiphakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-osteosarcoma?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo azibonakali ngokuzumayo. Zikhula kancane kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zibukeka njengokulimala okuvamile noma ukuklwebheka, ngakho abantu abaningi abazinaki ekuqaleni. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu bethambo | Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ubuhlungu buyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu ebusuku nangesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. |
| Ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu | Indawo yobuhlungu izoqala ukuvuvukala. Ngezinye izikhathi ingase izwakale njengeqhubu esandleni sakho. Uma uthinta indawo, ingase izwakale ifudumele kancane kunezinye izindawo. |
| Ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwamalunga | Uma umdlavuza useduze kwelunga, kungaba nzima ukugoba noma ukusonta lelo lunga. Isibonelo, uma useduze nedolo, kungaba nzima ukugoba umlenze. |
| Ukuphuka kwamathambo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umdlavuza wenza ithambo libe buthaka. Ngakho-ke, ithambo lingaphuka ngisho noma liwile noma libe nengozi encane engavamile ukuliphuka. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ukuphuka kwethambo okubangelwa yizifo". |
| Ezinye izici | Ungase futhi uqaphele izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane ongachazeki, izinguquko embala wesikhumba, futhi, uma kungumdlavuza emlenzeni, ukuxhuga. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ingane ikhala ngobuhlungu endaweni efanayo amasonto amaningi, kufanele nakanjani ibone udokotela, ngaphandle kokukuchitha njengento eyenzile ngesikhathi idlala.
Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula?
Ochwepheshe abakakwazi ukusho ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Kodwa-ke, bathole izici eziningana eziyingozi okucatshangwa ukuthi zinegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwalo mdlavuza.
Ukukhula kwamathambo ngokushesha
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo, lapho ingane ikhula ngokuzumayo futhi ikhula kakhulu, amathambo ayo nawo akhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle phakathi nalokhu kuhlukana okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana, okwandisa amathuba okwakheka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lesi yisizathu esikhulu esenza lesi sifo sivame kangaka kubantu abasha.
Ukuchayeka emisebeni
Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini komunye umdlavuza, kunengozi encane yokuthola i-osteosarcoma emathanjeni ezindaweni ezithole imisebe.
Izici zofuzo
Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kalula nje, kunezakhi zofuzo ezikhethekile emzimbeni wethu ezivimba ukwakheka komdlavuza. Njengabalindi bomzimba wethu. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-tumor suppressor genes'. I-'p53' ingenye yalezi zakhi zofuzo. Uma kukhona ushintsho kulezi zakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, 'ukuguqulwa', ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza iyanda. Futhi, i-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-'retinoblastoma (Rb)', ehlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamehlo ezinganeni ezincane, itholakale ihlobene nalokhu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo zofuzo ezingavamile nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-osteosarcoma:
- I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Isifo sikaPaget samathambo (i-osteitis deformans)
- I-retinoblastoma yefa
- I-Bloom syndrome
- I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia
- I-Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
- I-Werner syndrome
Ukuhlaselwa yithambo
Uma igazi eliya engxenyeni yethambo linqamuka ngesizathu esithile, amangqamuzana akuleyo ngxenye ayafa. Lokhu kucatshangwa futhi ukuthi yingakho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi engase akheke.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu ozishilo ngenhla, uzolandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuze athole uhlobo oluqondile lwesifo.
1. Ukubuza ngezimpawu: Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokubuza wena nengane yakho ngezimpawu (lapho ubuhlungu buqala khona, ukuthi buzizwa kanjani, kukhona yini ukuvuvukala, njll.) nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nomdlavuza.
2. Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele ukuze kuhlolwe noma yikuphi ukuqunjelwa noma ukuvuvukala.
3. Ukudluliselwa kokuhlolwa: Ngemva kwalokho, uzothunyelwa kokuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa isifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wokuqala wokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho lomdlavuza ethanjeni.
- I-MRI noma i-CT scan: Lokhu kunganikeza isithombe esicacile ngobukhulu bomdlavuza nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani ezicutshini ezizungezile.
- I-biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okungu-100% . Lapha, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni lapho umdlavuza ukhona bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe yi-osteosarcoma noma olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza, nokuthi izinga lomdlavuza lingakanani.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni isimo sempilo jikelele kanye nezinye izinkomba zomdlavuza.
Uma lesi sifo sesiqinisekisiwe njenge-osteosarcoma, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-staging' . Lokhu kungase kuhilele 'i-bone scan' noma 'i-PET scan', ehlola amathambo omzimba wonke.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kwe-osteosarcoma kuvame ukwenziwa yiqembu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi, okuhlanganisa odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, odokotela abahlinzayo, kanye nodokotela be-physiotherapists, bayahlangana. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
Uhlelo lokwelashwa olujwayelekile yilolu: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali → Ukuhlinzwa → Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
1. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi enamandla ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi ihamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, ingabulala amangqamuzana esimila esiyinhloko kanye namangqamuzana amancane omdlavuza asakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (esingawaboni kuma-scan). Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kunganciphisa isimila futhi kwenze ukuhlinzwa kube lula. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngemva kokuhlinzwa kungabulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele futhi kuvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabuyi.
2. Ukuhlinzwa: Umgomo oyinhloko lapha ukususa ngokuphelele iqhubu elinomdlavuza. Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa iqhubu kanye nezicubu ezithile ezinempilo ezizungezile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho nelilodwa iseli lomdlavuza elisele ngemuva. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa kokusindisa izitho zomzimba | Lena inqubo evame kakhulu namuhla. Ingalo noma umlenze wonke awususwa. Ingxenye yethambo enomdlavuza kuphela esuswayo bese ithathelwa indawo yi-prosthesis yensimbi noma i-bone graft evela komunye umuntu. |
| Ukunqunywa kwesisu | Uma umdlavuza ususabalale kabanzi, noma uma imithambo yegazi ebalulekile noma imizwa yonakele, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukususa ingalo noma umlenze. Ngemuva kwalokho kungasetshenziswa ingalo noma umlenze wokufakelwa. |
| I-Rotationplasty | Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa engavamile, ekhethekile. Ezimweni zomdlavuza wedolo, ingxenye yedolo lapho umdlavuza ukhona iyasuswa, umlenze ujikelezwe ngama-degree angu-180, bese unamathiselwa ethangeni. Umlenze ube ususebenza njengedolo. Ungafakwa umlenze wokwenziwa futhi ungahamba kahle. |
Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kunikezwe uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezindaweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki khona.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi ngemva kokwelashwa?
Yebo, lezi zindlela zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy, zinamandla futhi zingabangela imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside. Izinto ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, kanye nokukhathala kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi,
- Ingozi yokuthola olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza
- Umthelela ekhonweni lokuba nezingane (`Ukungazali`)
- Imiphumela ekusebenzeni kwezitho ezifana nenhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso, nezindlebe
- Imiphumela ekucabangeni nasenkumbulweni
Izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokulandelela udokotela wakho ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungalokothi ungazinaki izinhlungu noma ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo emathanjeni engane, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamadolo nasemahlombe. Ungakuzibi, ucabanga ukuthi kuyinto evamile, kodwa bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- I-Osteosarcoma umdlavuza wamathambo ovame ukwenzeka kubantu abasha. Kodwa-ke, uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, ungelashwa ngempumelelo futhi welapheke ngokuphelele .
- Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba yinhlanganisela ye-chemotherapy kanye nokuhlinzwa. Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, kungenzeka kakhulu ukwelapha lesi sifo ngaphandle kokususa isitho.
- Ukusekelwa kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu kokubili enganeni nakubazali kulesi sikhathi esinzima. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalesi sifo, ukwelashwa kwaso, noma imiphumela yaso emibi, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho.
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