Ingabe uneqhubu entanyeni yakho? Ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza we-papillary thyroid (PTC)!

Wake waphawula iqhubu elincane entanyeni yakho? Noma ingabe udokotela ukutshele ngalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa? Ngezinye izikhathi iqhubu elincane elinjengaleli lingaba uphawu lokuqala lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC). Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Iyini i-papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)? Iyini i-thyroid gland?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza we-papillary thyroid (PTC) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela endlaleni yethu ye-thyroid. Uqala kumaseli e-follicular endlaleni ye-thyroid. Lawa maseli akhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-thyroglobulin . Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi ukuthi i-PTC uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-thyroid gland . Cabanga nje, ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi kwesikhumba, isitho esincane esimise okwebhabhathane. Leso yi-thyroid gland. Lena yingxenye yesimiso sethu se-endocrine . Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukukhiqiza nokukhulula ama-hormone alawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu.

Uma kukhulunywa nge-PTC, imvamisa umdlavuza okhula kancane kakhulu . Futhi, uvame ukuvela ohlangothini olulodwa (i-lobe) yendlala yegilo.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-'PTC'?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-`PTC`. Kulezi, uhlobo lwe-follicular yilona oluvame kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi `i-mixed papillary-follicular variant`. Ezinye izinhlobo azivamile kangako. Kodwa-ke, zingakhula futhi zisakazeke ngokushesha . Izinhlobo ezinjalo yilezi:

• `Ikholomu`
• `Iseli elide`
• `I-Insular`
• 'I-Diffuse sclerosis'

Ngezinye izikhathi i-'PTC' ibizwa nangokuthi i-'papillary thyroid carcinoma' .

Ubani othola umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary?

Empeleni, i-PTC ingakhula kunoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaseminyakeni ephakathi . Futhi, abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okukhula nalesi simo kunabesilisa.

I-PTC iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu ezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-thyroid ezinganeni.

Ivame kangakanani le `PTC`?

Umdlavuza we-thyroid uyinkinga evamile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, u-80% kuya ku-85% wamacala angohlobo lwe-PTC. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe abantu abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi abathola umdlavuza we-thyroid banalolu hlobo.

Ingabe i-'PTC' iyisimo esibucayi?

Umdlavuza wanoma yiluphi uhlobo uyingozi kakhulu. Udinga ukwelashwa futhi ungasakazeka (usakazeke) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, isibikezelo se-PTC sihle kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Esikhathini esiningi, i-PTC ingelashwa ngempumelelo. Futhi akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ibangele ukufa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukungesabi futhi ulandele iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele.

I-'PTC' isakazeka kuphi kuqala?

Uma i-PTC isakazeka, kungenzeka ukuthi isakazeke kuqala kuma-lymph node entanyeni . Lawa ma-node ayizakhiwo ezincane ezimise okwebhontshisi eziyingxenye yesistimu ye-lymph yomzimba wethu kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba.

I-'PTC' isakazeka kude kangakanani?

Nakuba i-PTC ikhula kancane, ivame ukusabalala iye kuma-lymph node entanyeni. Cishe, cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-PTC bazobe sebesabalele kwezinye izindawo (umdlavuza we-thyroid we-metastatic papillary) ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'PTC'?

Ngokuvamile, uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-PTC ukubonakala kweqhubu elingenabuhlungu endlaleni ye-thyroid . Ezinye izimpawu nazo zingase zingabi khona.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu entanyeni, emhlathini, noma endlebeni . Uma iqhubu liba likhulu ngokwanele ukuba licindezele umphimbo noma umphimbo wethu, kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya .

Okubalulekile: Uma ubona iqhubu elisha entanyeni yakho, noma ngabe alibuhlungu, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Uma ulibona kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kuzophumelela kakhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-'PTC'?

Ososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-PTC, kodwa sebethole izici eziningana eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola lesi simo, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka emisebeni kanye nezimo ezithile zofuzo .

Ukuchayeka emisebeni kanye ne-'PTC'

Abantu abaye bavezwa emisebeni eminingi ye -ionizing emlandweni wabo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-PTC. Izindlela lokhu kuvezwa kungavezwa ngazo yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle ngomthamo ophezulu kunikezwa entanyeni ukwelapha umdlavuza noma ezinye izimo ezingezona umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni ngenxa yezingozi zesiteshi samandla enuzi. Isibonelo, ngemva kwengozi yenuzi yaseChernobyl ngo-1986, inani leziguli ze-PTC ezindaweni ezizungezile landa lisuka kokuphindwe kathathu laya kokuphindwe ka-75.

Izimo zofuzo kanye ne-'PTC'

Kunezimo eziningana zofuzo (ezizuzwe njengefa) ezihlobene ne-PTC:

• I-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (i-FAP / Gardner syndrome): Lesi yisimo esingavamile, esizuzwa njengefa. Sibangela umuntu ukuba abe nama-polyp amaningi kumathumbu akhe kanye ne-rectum, okungaba umdlavuza. Abantu abane-FAP nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola ama-tumors kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa ne-thyroid gland. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukuguqulwa kwefa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APC.
• I-Werner syndrome : Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile. Sibonisa izimpawu zokuguga okusheshayo okungajwayelekile (i-progeria). Abantu abane-Werner syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu umdlavuza we-thyroid. Kutholakale izinguquko ezingaphezu kuka-80 ezihlukene ku-WRN gene kubantu abanalesi simo.
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Carney complex : Lesi simo siphinde sandise ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila, okuhlanganisa nezimila ze-thyroid. Sivame ukubangelwa izinguquko ku-gene ye-PRKAR1A.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yi-5% kuphela yazo zonke iziguli ze-PTC ezihlotshaniswa nezimo ezinjalo zofuzo.

Ungayibona kanjani i-`PTC`?

Ngokuvamile, i-PTC ivela njengeqhubu endlaleni ye-thyroid. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazizwa wena ngokwakho, noma udokotela angalithola ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwentamo okuvamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, iqhubu litholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isimo.

Udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuze axilonge i-PTC:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe : Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni iqhubu le-thyroid. Isibonelo, i-ultrasound ye-thyroid , i-CT scan , kanye/noma i-MRI scan ingenziwa.
• Ukufuthwa kwenaliti encane (i-biopsy yenaliti ): Udokotela uvame ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu (i-biopsy) kusuka eqhubu lakho le-thyroid esebenzisa inaliti encane kakhulu. Udokotela wezifo uzobheka izicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokuthi, uma kunjalo, hlobo luni lomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akuthumelele ukwelulekwa ngofuzo ukuze abone ukuthi unesifo sofuzo esibangela i-PTC, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimila.

Iphathwa kanjani i-PTC?

Ukwelashwa kwe-PTC kuncike ngobukhulu besimila nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yokwelapha i-PTC.Kuye ngobukhulu nendawo yesimila, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angasusa ingxenye yendlala yegilo (i-lobectomy) noma yonke indlala (i-thyroidectomy). Uma umdlavuza usezindlala zegilo, udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa izindlala ezithintekile ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwegilo noma ekuhlinzeni kwesibili.

Okubalulekile: Uma yonke indlala yakho yegilo isusiwe (ukususwa kwegilo ngokuphelele), kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke .

Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwe-PTC yile:

• Ukwelashwa nge-radioiodine : Amaseli e-thyroid namaseli e-PTC amunca i-iodine yamaminerali (etholakala kokunye ukudla). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa uhlobo lwe-iodine olusebenzisa i-radioactive ukubhubhisa noma yiziphi izicubu ze-thyroid ezivamile ezisele ngemva kokususwa kwe-thyroid gland, kanye nanoma yiziphi izicubu ze-thyroid ezinomdlavuza ezingase zisale.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe : Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kuwavimbele ekukhuleni kwawo. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphandle, umshini uqondisa imisebe enamandla yamandla ngqo esimila. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphakathi, imbewu enemisebe ibekwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwesimila.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali : Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali enikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) noma ngomlomo (ngomlomo) ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ivimbele ukukhula komdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanomdlavuza we-thyroid abadinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga zokwelashwa kwe-'PTC'?

Umphumela ongase ube khona wokususwa kwe-thyroid kanye nokwelashwa nge-radioiodine yi -hypothyroidism engapheli. Ngakho-ke, uma unenye yalezi zindlela zokwelapha noma zombili, kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke.

Kunezinkinga eziningana ezingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid:

• Ukutheleleka.
• Ukususwa noma ukulimala kwe-parathyroid glands ngengozi, okulawula izinga le-calcium egazini lakho.
• Ukulimala kwe-laryngeal nerve ephindaphindayo, egijima ngemuva kwe-thyroid gland. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izwi libe buthakathaka futhi lihoshe.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• I-Sialadenitis - ukuvuvukala kwendlala yamathe.
• I-thyrotoxicosis yesikhashana.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis yisifo esibangela izibazi emaphashini.
• Ukungazali okwesikhashana noma unomphela.
• I-LeukemiaIngozi encane yokuba ne-leukemia, umdlavuza webele, noma umdlavuza wesinye.

Ingabe i-'PTC' ingavinjelwa?

Abantu abaningi abathola umdlavuza we-thyroid abanazo izici ezithile eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, amacala amaningi e-PTC awakwazi ukuvinjelwa.

Ukuchayeka emisebeni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobuntwana, kuyinto eyaziwayo eyingozi ye-PTC. Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela abasasebenzisi imisebe ezimweni ezingatheni kangako. Izingane nazo zichayeka emisebeni evela ekuhlolweni kwezithombe njenge-X-ray kanye ne-CT scans, kodwa ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu. Akucaci ukuthi ikhulisa kangakanani ingozi ye-PTC.

Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza we-thyroid, ungase ufune ukuthola ukwelulekwa ngofuzo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo sofuzo esikubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-PTC. Uma wenza kanjalo, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa kokuvimbela ukuze kususwe i-thyroid gland yakho ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza uqale.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-PTC?

Ngokuvamile, isibikezelo se-PTC sihle kakhulu , ikakhulukazi uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala futhi isimila sincane. I-PTC ingelashwa ngempumelelo. Ngisho noma isisakazekele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, akuvamile ukuba ibulale.

Izici ezinganciphisa izinga lokululama zifaka:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55 ubudala lapho kutholakala ukuthi unalesi sifo.
• Isimila siyakhula .
• Umdlavuza ususabalale ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba .
• Ukuba nohlobo olungavamile nolunolaka lwe-'PTC' (isb. `i-tall cell variant`, `i-diffuse sclerosis variant`, `i-solid variant`).

Ungasinda yini ku-'PTC'?

Izinga lokusinda kwe-PTC liphezulu kakhulu . Abantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-90% abane-PTC baphila okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana ne-'PTC'?

Uma utholakale une-PTC, kuzodingeka uhlangane nethimba lakho lezokwelapha njalo ukuze uqaphe inqubekela phambili yokwelashwa kwakho. Kuzodingeka futhi ube nokuvakasha kokulandelela isikhathi eside njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12 okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ukuze uhlole ukuthi isifo siphinde sibuye yini.

Uma indlala yakho yegilo isusiwe futhi/noma ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe kunikezwa njengengxenye yokwelashwa kwakho, kuzodingeka uphuze amaphilisi e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke . Udokotela uzoqapha amazinga akho e-thyroid hormone impilo yakho yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo wakho wemithi ulungele wena.

Ukutholwa unomdlavuza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni, kungaba yinto eshaqisayo. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isibikezelo se-PTC sivame ukuba sihle kakhulu. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenza nawe ukuze linqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.

## Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Ofanele Uwuthathe Uhambe Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-papillary (PTC) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-thyroid futhi lunezibikezelo ezinhle kakhulu.
• Uphawu oluyinhloko yiqhubu elingenabuhlungu entanyeni. Uma ubona into efana naleyo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Ukwelashwa nge-iodine enomsebe nakho kungadingeka.
• Uma indlala yegilo isusiwe ngokuphelele, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-hormone egilo impilo yakho yonke .
• Uma lesi simo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha nokulandela iseluleko kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ungesabi. Awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela, umndeni, nabangani abazokusiza.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma unemibuzo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Hlala uphilile!

Umdlavuza we - thyroid, umdlavuza we-papillary thyroid, i-PTC, amaqhubu entamo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngama-hormone