Ake sifunde ngezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid. Umsebenzi omkhulu owenziwa yila maqhawe amancane!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlala ezincane kakhulu, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi awuzange uzwe okuningi ngazo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid. Nakuba zingangosayizi we-pea, lezi zindlala zifana namaqhawe alawula amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni wethu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini, zenzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingazibangela.

Ziyini lezi zindlala ze-parathyroid?

Kalula nje, izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid ziyizindlala ezine ezincane ze-endocrine, ezinobukhulu be-pea ezifakwe ngemuva kwendlala yakho ye-thyroid entanyeni yakho. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza futhi zikhiphe i-hormone ebalulekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) . Le hormone isiza ukulawula izinga le-calcium egazini lakho. Akubalulekile lokho?

Zingaki izindlala ze-parathyroid esinazo?

Iningi labantu linama-gland amane e-parathyroid. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi abanye abantu bangase babe nama-gland angaphansi noma angaphezu kwamane. Akuyona into enkulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lingakanani, uma nje esebenza kahle.

Kwenzekani ngempela kulezi zindlala ze-parathyroid?

Izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zinomsebenzi owodwa oyinhloko: ukwenza i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) bese uyikhipha egazini lakho. Le hormone, kanye nenye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-calcitonin (ekhiqizwa yi-thyroid gland), isebenza ukulawula ngokunembile inani le-calcium egazini lakho. Cabanga ngakho, i-calcium eningi egazini lakho ingabangela izinkinga, kanti encane kakhulu ingabangela izinkinga. Ngakho-ke lolu hlelo ludinga ukusebenza kahle.

Kungani i-calcium ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

I-calcium iyiminerali ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evamile emzimbeni wethu. 99% ye-calcium iyonke emzimbeni wakho igcinwa emathanjeni nasemazinyweni akho . Elinye i-1% lijikeleza egazini. Nakuba lokhu kuyinani elincane, le calcium egazini ibaluleke kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthi kungani?

• Imizwa yakho idinga ukusebenza kahle . Cabanga ngakho, uma ufuna ukuthinta okuthile, lowo myalezo udlula emithanjeni. Lokho kudinga i-calcium.
• Siza imisipha yakho ifinyele futhi ikusize ukunyakaza . Uma uphakamisa ingalo noma uhamba, imisipha iyasebenza. I-calcium ibalulekile nakulokho.
• Uma unenxeba futhi uphuma igazi, siza ukujiya kwegazi . Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngisho nenxeba elincane lingaba yinkinga enkulu.
• Inhliziyo yakho idinga i-calcium ukuze isebenze kahle . Imisipha yenhliziyo idinga ne-calcium ukuze ishaye kahle.

Bheka ukuthi le calcium encane ingenza okungakanani! Futhi, iVithamini D ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amazinga e-calcium egazini. Ngoba umzimba wethu udinga iVithamini D ukuze umunce i-calcium ekudleni. Sithola iVithamini D ekukhanyeni kwelanga, futhi itholakala nakwezinye ukudla.

Zitholakalaphi lezi zindlala ze-parathyroid?

Kwabaningi (cishe ama-80%), lawa ma-gland amane e-parathyroid atholakala ngesimo sebhabhathane entanyeni yakho, afihliwe ngemuva kwalo. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlala ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye "lwamaphiko" amabili e-gland ye-thyroid.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zingatholakala entanyeni yakho, eduze komphimbo, noma esifubeni sakho (ngokuqondile , ku-mediastinum, ingxenye ephakathi yesifuba). Odokotela babiza lezi zindlala ze-parathyroid ngokuthi 'ectopic' , okusho ukuthi "endaweni engavamile." Cishe abantu abangu-16% bangaba nalezi zindlala 'ectopic'.

Ukuba nezindlala ze-parathyroid 'ezinobuthi' ngokuvamile asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngazo. Kodwa-ke, uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwazo zikhiqiza i-PTH eningi kakhulu, kungaba nzima kudokotela wakho ukuzithola uma kudingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Zibukeka kanjani izindlala ze-parathyroid?

Izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zincane kakhulu – ngayinye ilingana nosayizi nesimo se-pea . Kodwa kwabanye abantu, lezi zindlala zingasebenza ngokweqile futhi zikhule.

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta izindlala ze-parathyroid?

Kunezimo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezihlobene nezindlala ze-parathyroid: i-hyperparathyroidism kanye ne -hypoparathyroidism . Ake sixoxe ngazo ngazinye.

Kuyini i-Hyperparathyroidism?

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho enye noma ngaphezulu kwezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zisebenza ngokweqile futhi zikhipha i-parathyroid hormone (PTH) eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini lakho likhuphuke ngaphezu kwezinga elijwayelekile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i -hypercalcemia .

Kunezindlela izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid ezingakhiqiza ngazo ama-hormone amaningi ngokwemvelo:

• Njengempendulo yezifo ezithile.
• Uma ungenayo i-Vitamin D eyanele.
• Uma unezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinso, ukusiza ukugcina amazinga e-calcium egazini evamile.

Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-secondary hyperparathyroidism . Uma le nqubo iqhubeka isikhathi eside, ingaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengobuthakathaka bamathambo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi kunenkinga ngezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid ngokwazo (into ethinta ngqo izindlala ngokwazo) engabangela ukuthi zisebenze ngokweqile, okuphakamisa amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho. Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-primary hyperparathyroidism .

Iningi labantu abane-primary hyperparathyroidism ababi nazo izimpawu ngoba i-hypercalcemia ivame ukutholakala kusenesikhathi, njengalapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesinye isizathu.

Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu kanye/noma zesikhathi eside ze-hypercalcemia, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuchama njalo.
• Ukoma ngokweqile (i-polydipsia).
• Ukukhathala .
• Ubuhlungu bethambo.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla.
• Ukukhohlwa, ukucindezeleka, noma ukucasuka .
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuthakathaka, ukuqaqamba kanye/noma ukudikiza.

Iyini i-adenoma ye-parathyroid?

I-parathyroid adenoma iwukukhula okungenabungozi/okungenamdlavuza , okufana nesimila esincane, esikhula kwenye noma ngaphezulu kwezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid. Lesi yimbangela evame kakhulu ye-primary hyperparathyroidism. Ungakhathazeki, akuyona umdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, inkinga ixazululwa ngokususa isimila ngokuhlinzwa.

Ake sifunde nangomdlavuza we-parathyroid.

Umdlavuza we-parathyroid ungabangela ne-primary hyperparathyroidism. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu . Umdlavuza we-parathyroid ubanga u-0.005% kuphela wabo bonke umdlavuza. Futhi, lo mdlavuza ubanga phakathi kuka-0.5% no-1% wazo zonke izifo ezihlobene nezindlala ze-parathyroid.

Kuyini i-Hypoparathyroidism?

Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Okwenzekayo ukuthi amazinga e-parathyroid hormone `(PTH)` egazini lakho ayancipha. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ehle – sikubiza ngokuthi i-hypocalcemia – kanye namazinga e-phosphorus egazini lakho – sikubiza ngokuthi i-hyperphosphatemia .

Cishe ama-75% amacala e-hypoparathyroidism abangelwa ukulimala ngengozi kwezindlala ze-parathyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwentamo noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabangelwa futhi yizimo ezithile zofuzo kanye nezokuzivikela komzimba.

Ngaphandle kokuthi imbangela kube ukuhlinzwa, i-hypoparathyroidism ivame ukukhula kancane kancane, ngakho-ke izimpawu zingase zibe zincane. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuqaqamba kwezindebe, iminwe, kanye nezinzwane .
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• “Inkungu yobuchopho” noma ukudideka.
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile / i-arrhythmia.
• Izinzipho ezithambile.
• Izinwele ezomile kanye nesikhumba esomile nesinamaqhubu.
• Ama-cataract.
• I-enamel yamazinyo ebuthaka (ezinganeni).

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine izindlala zami ze-parathyroid ziphilile?

Ngenxa yokuthi izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zivikelekile kahle ngemuva kwendlala yakho ye-thyroid, azonakaliswa kalula. Awudingi ukwenza lutho olukhethekile ukuze ugcine lezi zindlala ziphilile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukusiza izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zigcine amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho esezingeni elifanele:

• Qiniseka ukuthi uthola i-vitamin D eyanele: I-Vitamin D ibalulekile ekugcineni amazinga e-calcium egazini azinzile. Buza udokotela wakho uma udinga ukuthatha isithasiselo se-vitamin D. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuchitha isikhathi esithile elangeni emini.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uthola i-calcium eyanele ekudleni kwakho: Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium emzimbeni wakho kungabangela izinkinga ze-calcium egazini. Imithombo emihle ye-calcium ihlanganisa ubisi, i-yogurt, ushizi, imifino eluhlaza, kanye nenhlanzi encane (edliwe namathambo). Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uthola i-calcium eyanele ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla esibhalisiwe.

Khumbula, lawa amanye amathiphu nje. Uma unezimpawu, kufanele nakanjani ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ungaziphilisi.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zincane, kodwa zinamandla futhi zibalulekile ekugcineni amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ezinzile. Iningi labantu alicabangi ngazo - noma lizwe ngazo - kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Uma unezimpawu zamazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia) noma amazinga aphansi e-calcium egazini (hypocalcemia), tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Bangenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ukuthola imbangela futhi bakunikeze ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ukuqaphela lezi zindlala ezincane kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho iyonke. Ngoba inkonzo eziyenzayo buthule inkulu kakhulu! Hlala uphilile!

Izindlala ze - Parathyroid, i-calcium, i-parathyroid hormone, i-hyperparathyroidism, i-hypoparathyroidism, i-vitamin D, ama-hormone