Uma usebenzelana nengane yakho, ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzibuza, 'Kungani ingumuntu oyisiwula kangaka? Kungani ingahlali endaweni eyodwa? Kungani ungangilaleli?' Kuvamile ukucabanga kanjalo. Kodwa uma lezi zinto zenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi uma zithinta umsebenzi wesikole wengane yakho, umsebenzi wesikole, noma ubudlelwano bayo nabangani, kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Kuyini i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)?

Kalula nje, i-ADHD isifinyezo se- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . Lesi yisimo sezokwelapha. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ingane ene-ADHD inomehluko othile wobuchopho ekukhuleni kwayo kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho. Lomehluko wenza kube nzima ngayo ukunaka, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, nokuzithiba. Lesi simo singayibangela ukuba ibe nezinkinga ngomsebenzi wesikole, ekhaya, ngisho nalapho ixhumana nabangani. Cabanga ukuthi ingabangela inkinga engakanani uma ingakwazi ukunaka ekilasini, ingalaleli okushiwoyo ekhaya, noma ilwa nabangani bayo lapho ingakwazi ukulinda ithuba labo lokudlala.

Ziyini izimpawu zomntwana one-ADHD?

Eqinisweni, ingane ngayinye ngezinye izikhathi ilahlekelwa ukugxila, ayilaleli okushiwoyo, ilwela ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ilwela ukulinda ithuba layo. Lezi yizinto ezivamile. Cishe lokhu kwenzeka kuwe usengumntwana, akunjalo? Kodwa enganeni ene-ADHD, lezi zinkinga zinzima kakhulu, futhi zenzeka kaningi.

Izingane kanye nentsha ene-ADHD zingabonisa izimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ukunganaki - ukuphazamiseka kalula

Kunzima kakhulu ngalaba bantwana ukugxila entweni eyodwa. Izingqondo zabo ziyazulazula ngokushesha. Cabanga, isibonelo, uthisha ufundisa isifundo futhi babheka uvemvane ngefasitela.

• Kunzima ukulalela imiyalelo kahle. Uma uthi, "Ndodana, beka amathoyizi eceleni ulethe incwadi," cishe uzokhumbula eyodwa kuphela.
• Ulwazi olubalulekile lungase luphuthelwe.
• Ungawuhlehlisa umsebenzi owuqalile ngaphandle kokuwuqeda. Kufana nokuqala ukupenda bese uqeda phakathi.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kungabonakala sengathi uyaphupha, noma sengathi usebenza kanzima kakhulu.
• Bangase bakhohlwe kancane futhi bangase balahlekelwe izinto ezifana namapensela, ama-eraser, nezincwadi.

2. Ukungakhathali - ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa

Lezi zingane zihlala zihambahamba, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, futhi ziyashesha ukukhathala. Kufana nokuthi zinamasondo anamathele emilenzeni yazo.

• Kunzima ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa uthule (njengasethempelini noma ekilasini).
• Uma wenza umsebenzi, ungashesha ukuwenza bese wenza amaphutha.
• Bangase bakhuphuke, bagxume, futhi baguquguquke kakhulu (njengasezihlalweni nasematafuleni).
• Akuyona inhloso, kodwa ukuziphatha kwabo kungabaphazamisa abanye.Isibonelo, njengokugcona abanye abantwana ekilasini.

3. Ukuphoqeleka - ukuthambekela kokwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga

Laba bantwana benza izinto ngokuphamazela, ngaphandle kokucabanga. Njengemoto "engenamabhuleki."

• Bagxuma ngokuzumayo ngenkathi abanye bekhuluma.
• Abanye bangasunduza futhi badonse. Kunzima kakhulu ukulinda ithuba lakho.
• Bangase benze izinto ngaphandle kwemvume, bathathe izinto zabanye abantu, futhi baziphathe ngendlela eyingozi (njengokugxuma besuka endaweni ephakeme, bagijime ngokuzumayo baye emgwaqweni).
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ube nokusabela ngokomzwelo okungafanele ngaleso sikhathi, njengokuthukuthela kakhulu ngezinto ezincane noma ukukhala kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi abazali nothisha bayaziqaphela lezi zimpawu ze-ADHD enganeni isencane kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, kuyinto evamile ukuba izingane ezincane ziphazamiseke kalula, zingahlaliseki, zingabekezeli, futhi zenze ngokuphamazela. Zonke lezi zinto azisho ukuthi ingane ine-ADHD.

Lawa makhono okunaka, ukusebenza, kanye nokuzithiba akhula kancane kancane njengoba izingane zikhula. Izingane zifunda lezi zinto ngosizo lwabazali nothisha. Kodwa kwabanye abantwana, ukunaka, ukuhlala bezolile, ukulalela, kanye nokubekezela akuthuthuki kangako. Uma lezi zimo ziqhubeka, futhi uma zibangela izinkinga ngomsebenzi wesikole, ekhaya, kanye nobudlelwano nabangani, kungaba yi-ADHD.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-ADHD?

Akukacaci kahle ukuthi lokhu kwehluka kobuchopho okubangela i-ADHD kwenzeka kanjani. Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi i-ADHD izuzwa kakhulu njengefa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi ezine-ADHD zinomzali noma isihlobo esiseduze esinalesi simo.

Futhi, ezinye izici zingase zihileleke:

• Uma ingane izelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi .
• Uma wavezwa ubuthi obuthile obungokwemvelo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma useyingane.
• Uma umama esebenzise izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-ADHD ayibangelwa ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi esikrinini, amaphutha abazali, noma ukudla ushukela omningi. Le mibono engalungile ingaba khona emphakathini, kodwa ayiqinisekisiwe ngokwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke ungazizwa unecala.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi une-ADHD?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuyisa ingane yakho kudokotela wezingane noma komunye udokotela ofanelekayo. Ungesabi, lesi isinyathelo sokuqala nje.

Udokotela uzohlola ingane, enze ukuhlolwa kokubona nokuzwa, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi ayikho enye imbangela yalezi zimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingane ingase inganaki izifundo zayo ngoba ayikwazi ukubona noma ukuzwa.

Ukuze kutholakale i-ADHD, odokotela bazoqala bakubuze ngempilo yengane yakho, ukuziphatha kwayo, kanye nemisebenzi yayo. Bazokhuluma nabazali kanye nengane futhi bababuze ngalokho abakubonile. Udokotela angakunikeza uhlu lokuhlola ozolugcwalisa mayelana nokuziphatha kwengane yakho, noma bangacela uthisha wengane ukuthi agcwalise uhlu lokuhlola olufanayo.

Ngemva kokuqoqa lonke lolu lwazi, odokotela bazoxilonga i-ADHD kuphela uma okulandelayo kucacile:

• Uma isikhathi sokunaka kwengane, ukusebenza ngokweqile, noma ukushesha kuphakeme kakhulu kunokuvamile ngokweminyaka yayo.
• Uma ingane ibilokhu inalezi zindlela zokuziphatha kusukela isencane (ngokuvamile iqala ingakafiki eminyakeni eyi-12).
• Uma lokhu kuziphatha kuthinta ngokusobala umsebenzi wesikole wengane, umsebenzi wesikole, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo (okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili, isib., ekhaya nasesikoleni).
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuqinisekisa ukuthi imbangela yalezi zinkinga akuyona enye inkinga yezempilo (isib. inkinga ye-thyroid), ukukhubazeka kokufunda, noma isimo sengqondo.

Izingane eziningi ezine-ADHD nazo zinezinye izimo, njengezinkinga zokufunda , ukuziphatha okuphikisayo nokungalaleli , noma izinkinga zemizwa nokukhathazeka . Odokotela bavame ukwelapha lezi ezinye izimo ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho belapha i-ADHD.

Uma kudingeka, udokotela angakudlulisela kudokotela wengqondo wezingane noma kudokotela wezifo zengqondo .

Iphathwa kanjani i-ADHD?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-ADHD. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye. Indlela efanayo yokwelapha ayisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ingahluka kuye ngengane.

• Imithi: Le mithi isiza ubuchopho ukuthi bugxile, bunciphise ijubane, futhi ithuthukise ukuzithiba. Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela, ngomthamo ofanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
• Ukwelapha ngokuziphatha: Odokotela bezokwelapha basiza izingane ezine-ADHD ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, angokomzwelo, kanye nokuhlela ngezinye izikhathi abambezeleka. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokulawula intukuthelo, ukuxhumana kahle nabanye, nokuhlala uhlelekile.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali:Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kungasiza abazali bafunde ukuthi bangasabela kanjani kangcono ezinkingeni zokuziphatha eziza njengengxenye ye-ADHD (isib., lapho ingane ithukuthela noma ingalaleli lokho okushoyo). Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukusekelwa kwesikole: Othisha bangasiza izingane ezine-ADHD ukuthi zenze kahle esikoleni futhi zibe nokuphila okujabulisayo esikoleni. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuvumela ingane ukuthi ihlale phambili ekilasini noma ukuyinika isikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, i-ADHD ingathuthuka. Abazali nothisha bangasiza izingane ezincane zifunde ukulawula ukunaka kwazo, ukuziphatha kwazo, kanye nemizwa yazo. Njengoba zikhula, izingane zidinga ukufunda ukuthuthukisa ukunaka kwazo kanye nokuzithiba kwazo.

Uma i-ADHD ingelashwa, ingenza kube nzima ngezingane ukuphumelela. Lokhu kungaholela ekuzethembeni okuphansi, ukucindezeleka, ukuziphatha okuphikisayo, ukwehluleka emsebenzini wesikole, ukuziphatha kokuthatha ingozi, noma izingxabano zomndeni .

Abazali bangasiza kanjani?

Uma unquma ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza. Ungumthombo wamandla amakhulu wengane yakho.

• Bandakanya ngenkuthalo: Funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka nge-ADHD. Landela ukwelashwa okunconywa udokotela wengane yakho. Yiba khona kuzo zonke izinkambo zokwelashwa ezinconywayo.
• Nikeza imithi ngokuphephile: Uma ingane yakho ithatha imithi ye-ADHD, nikeza njalo imithi ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele. Ungalokothi uyeke imithi noma ushintshe isilinganiso ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Gcina imithi endaweni ephephile kude nezingane.
• Sebenza nesikole sengane yakho: Khuluma nothisha ukuze ubone ukuthi ingane yakho idinga noma yiziphi izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile noma ukwesekwa okuvela esikoleni. Amanye amazwe anezinhlelo ezikhethekile njenge -IEP (Uhlelo Lwezemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye) noma uhlelo lwe-504 . ESri Lanka, khuluma nesikole nganoma yiluphi usizo olukhethekile ingane yakho engaluthola (isib., ukunakwa okwengeziwe ekilasini, isikhathi esengeziwe sezivivinyo). Hlangana nothisha njalo ukuze uthole ukuthi ingane yakho yenza kanjani esikoleni. Sebenzani ndawonye ukuze nisize ingane yenu yenze kahle.
• Umzali onenhloso nemfudumalo: Funda ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokukhulisa izingane ezilungele ingane ene-ADHD, nokuthi yini engenza i-ADHD ibe yimbi kakhulu. Khuluma nengane yakho nge-ADHD ngokukhululekile nangokusekela. Gxila emandleni engane yakho kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle . Ncoma futhi ukhuthaze ukuziphatha okuhle kunokujezisa.
• Xhumana nabanye ukuze uthole ukwesekwa nokuqwashisa: Thola ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokwelashwa, neminye imininingwane, wabelane ngolwaziHlola amawebhusayithi amaqembu okusekelana aphesheya njenge- CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) . Noma funa amaqembu afanayo okukhulisa izingane eSri Lanka. Kuyisibusiso esikhulu ukwazi ukuthi awuwedwa.

I-ADHD ingathuthuka kaningi uma izingane zithola ukwelashwa, zidla ukudla okunempilo, zilala ngokwanele futhi zivivinya umzimba, futhi zinabazali abasekelayo abaziyo ukuthi bangasabela kanjani ku-ADHD. Ukubekezela nothando kubaluleke kakhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule...

Kulungile, ngakho-ke i-ADHD iyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Akulona iphutha lakho noma lengane yakho. I-ADHD yisimo esenzeka ngokushintsha kokusebenza kobuchopho. Into ebalulekile ukuthi ingasizwa futhi yelashwe.

Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ingane yakho iphile impilo ejabulisayo nephumelelayo. Khumbula, ingane ngayinye ihlukile futhi inamakhono ahlukile. Izingane ezine-ADHD nazo zinamakhono azo ahlukile. Kubalulekile ukuthola lezo zinto nokuzisekela. Kwangathi ungathola amandla kulolu hambo!

I - ADHD, i-ADHD ezinganeni, ukuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukunaka, ukungaziphathi kahle, ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD, izimpawu ze-ADHD, ukuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukunaka