I-COVID-19 iba kanjani entsha? Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zegciwane okuthiwa (i-COVID-19 Variants)? Ake sithole ukuthi ziyini ngempela!

Uyakhumbula ukuthi sonke sasisaba kanjani lapho kuqala ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19. Kwakuhlale kunezindaba ezintsha, izinto ezintsha. Ngemva kwesikhashana, abantu baqala ukukhuluma 'ngezinhlobo' ezazihlukile kunegciwane lokuqala. Wawuzwa futhi ubona izinto ezifana ne-Alpha, i-Delta, i-Omicron ku-TV nasemaphephandabeni. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bazibuza ukuthi ziyini lezi 'zinhlobo', zavela kanjani, nokuthi ngabe ziyingozi kakhulu kunegciwane lokuqala. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda, nangendlela enobungane namuhla, kulungile?

Ake siqale sibone ukuthi iyini igciwane?

Kalula nje, igciwane liyi-microorganism encane kakhulu, engabonakali. Kodwa uma sikhuluma iqiniso, aliphili futhi aliphili. Kuyinto exakile kakhulu. Lawa ma-virus awakwazi ukusinda ngokwawo, okungukuthi, awakwazi ukuphila noma ukuzala ngokwawo. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka angene ngesinyenyela engqamuzaneni eliphilayo, kungaba yisilwane noma umuntu. Kufana nesela eligqekeza endlini futhi lisebenzise izinto ezikuleyo ndlu. Ngemva kokuba igciwane lingene ngesinyenyela engqamuzaneni, lisebenzisa izinsiza ezikulelo seli ukuze lenze amakhophi alo, okungukuthi, izinkulungwane zamagciwane amasha. Yileyo ndlela igciwane elisakazeka ngayo emizimbeni yethu.

Ngakho-ke la magciwane ashintsha kanjani? Ake sifunde ngokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.

Cabanga wenza amakhophi ayinkulungwane ekhasi elifanayo kumshini wokukopisha. Ingabe ikhophi ngayinye iphuma ifana ncamashi neyokuqala? Cha, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi amakhophi angase ahluke kancane. Mhlawumbe ichashazi elincane lingaphuma kakhulu, noma uhlamvu lungase lungacaci kahle, noma umbala ungase uhluke kancane. Yileyo ndlela ama-virus akhona ngayo.

Uma igciwane lisuka kwelinye iseli liye kwelinye, okungukuthi, uma lenza amakhophi alo, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka amaphutha amancane enkambisweni yokukopisha. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi 'ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo' kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyizinguquko olwazini lwezakhi zofuzo lwegciwane, okungukuthi, uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwegciwane. Lezi zinguquko zingaba zincane kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu nezibalulekile. Akuzona zonke izinguquko ezizuzisa igciwane. Ezinye izinguquko zingalinciphisa igciwane, kanti ezinye zingalenza libe namandla futhi lisakazeke ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le 'i-virus variant'?

Uma igciwane lidlula ekuguqukeni okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, okuholela esizukulwaneni esisha samagciwane ahluke kakhulu egciwaneni lokuqala, silibiza ngokuthi 'uhlobo' . Kalula nje, liyisihlobo esiseduze segciwane lokuqala, kodwa linomehluko omncane ngenxa yalezo zinguquko. Lokhu mehluko kungabangela ukuziphatha kohlobo olusha, njengesivinini sokusabalala kanye nobunzima bezimpawu, ukuthi kuhluke egciwaneni lokuqala.

I-coronavirus ebangela i-COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) nayo ishintshe okufanayo, noma izinguquko, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuvele izinhlobo eziningana ezintsha ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-Alpha, i-Delta, ne-Omicron.Njengokuthi. Ngayinye yalezi zibonise umehluko othile kugciwane lokuqala. Isibonelo, lapho kufika uhlobo lwe-Delta, isimo seziguli saba sibi kakhulu. Lapho kufika uhlobo lwe-Omicron, lwasakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uzibiza kanjani lezi zinhlobo?

Uma kutholakala uhlobo olusha lwegciwane, kudingeka lunikezwe igama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungaba yinto edidayo kakhulu kososayensi, odokotela, kanye nomphakathi ukukhuluma ngalo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) iyahola ekunikezeni la magama. Basebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama esiGreki (isb., i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, i-delta). Lokhu kuqanjwa kwamagama okuhlelekile kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi emhlabeni, wonke umuntu angaluqonda ngokucacile uhlobo olufanayo ngaphandle kokudideka.

Lezi zinhlobo ezintsha zihluke kanjani kugciwane lokuqala?

Uma kuvela uhlobo olusha lwegciwane, lungase luhluke kugciwane lokuqala ngezindlela eziningana. Ake sibheke ukuthi luyini:

• Ukuthelelana: Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zingasakazeka ngokushesha nangokulula phakathi kwabantu kunegciwane lokuqala noma ezinye izinhlobo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umuntu oyedwa onegciwane angasakazela lesi sifo kubantu abaningana abanempilo. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi uhlobo lwe-Omicron lwasakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani phakathi kwabantu lapho luvela okokuqala. Kwabikwa ukuthi luthelelana kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo.
• Uhlobo kanye nobunzima besifo: Izimpawu zezinye izinhlobo, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, zingase zihluke kwezegciwane lokuqala. Futhi, ukugula okubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo kungaba kubi kakhulu, kudinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi lapho kufika uhlobo lwe-Delta, abantu abaningi baba nesikhathi esinzima, ngisho nezibhedlela zazigcwele.
• Imithi yokugoma kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo emithini: Sithola imithi yokugoma ukuze isivikele ku-COVID-19. Le mithi yokugoma yenzelwe ukuhlasela igciwane lokuqala noma izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zingase zingasabeli kahle emithini yokugoma esiyitholile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isivikelo esinikezwa yimithi yokugoma singase sinciphe kancane (ukusebenza kahle kwemijovo). Futhi, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-COVID-19 zingase zingasebenzi kahle ngokumelene nalezi zinhlobo ezintsha. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza ososayensi bahlale beqapha lezi zinhlobo.
• Ukutheleleka kabusha: Ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela umuntu oke walulama ku-COVID-19 ukuba aphinde agule. Noma ngisho nomuntu ogonywe ngokuphelele angathola ukutheleleka okusha (ukutheleleka okuphumelelayo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinguquko zohlobo olusha zenza kube nzima ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba aqaphele ukuthi yigciwane elisha, noma ngoba ukuvikelwa kwangaphambilini akwanele.

Kungani kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha ezinjengalezi?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Njalo lapho igciwane lisakazeka phakathi kwabantu, okungukuthi, njalo lapho lidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu liye komunye, lelo gciwane linethuba lokwenza izinkulungwane zamakhophi alo. Kulapho kwenziwa amakhophi anjalo lapho amathuba 'okuguqulwa' kwalezo zinguquko esikhulume ngazo ngaphambilini anda khona.

Kalula nje, lapho igciwane lisakazeka kakhulu emphakathini, kulapho amathuba okuthi izinguquko ezintsha zizokwenzeka khona futhi kuzovela izinhlobo ezintsha.

Lokho kusho ukuthi uma silawula kakhulu ukusabalala kwegciwane, mancane amathuba okuthi izinhlobo ezintsha nezingaba yingozi kakhulu zivele. Yingakho ukugqoka imaski yobuso, ukugeza izandla njalo, ukugcina ukuqhelelana nabantu, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuthola imijovo, kuqhubeka kubalulekile. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okusabalala kwegciwane.

Ngakho-ke sizivikela kanjani kulezi zinhlobo zamagciwane?

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, izinto ezifanayo esizenzile ukuze sizivikele ku-coronavirus yokuqala nazo zizosisiza ekusivikeleni kulezi zinhlobo ezintsha. Ungakhathazeki, sisenalo igunya lokulawula. Ngisho noma igciwane lishintsha, izinyathelo zethu zokuphepha ngeke zishintshe kangako.

"Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lwegciwane, kunemikhuba elula yansuku zonke esingayenza ukuze sizivikele thina nabathandekayo bethu."

Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini:

• Thola imijovo yakho ye-COVID-19 ngesikhathi: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ososayensi bahlala bebuyekeza imijovo ukuze bamukele izinhlobo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke ukuthola imijovo ebuyekeziwe noma imithamo yokuqinisa kunikeza isivikelo esingcono ezinhlotsheni ezisakazeka njengamanje. Abanye bangase bacabange, 'Ngike ngasebenzisa yonke imijovo yangaphambilini, pho kungani ngithola enye?' Kodwa cabanga ngakho, kufana nokubuyekeza isofthiwe kumafoni ethu. Njengoba igciwane lishintsha, umuthi wokugoma udinga ukushintsha ukuze uhambisane nawo. Nakuba umuthi wokugoma ungase ungavimbeli abantu abayi-100% ekuguleni, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugula, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi: Lokhu kuvamile kuzo zonke izifo, kodwa ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID, sesiqaphele ukubaluleka kwalo nakakhulu. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu nelula yokubulala amagciwane angase abe sezandleni zethu. Kufanele sigcobe insipho namanzi kuzo zonke izindawo zezandla zethu okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 (cishe isikhathi esithathayo ukucula ingoma ethi "Usuku Lokuzalwa Olujabulisayo" kabili). Ungasebenzisa futhi isihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe otshwaleni uma insipho ingatholakali. Zingaki izikhathi ngosuku esithinta ubuso bethu ngokungazi? Njalo lapho sithinta izandla zethu, uma kukhona igciwane kuzo, lingangena kalula emzimbeni ngamehlo, ekhaleni, nangomlomo.
• Hlola uma kudingeka futhi uhlale ekhaya uma unezimpawu: Uma unezimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingaba yi-COVID-19, njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, noma ukuphelelwa umoya, thola isivivinyo se-COVID-19 ngokushesha okukhulu., lokho kusho ukuthola i-Rapid Antigen Test noma i-PCR test. Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ekhaya futhi uhlale kude nabanye ukuze ungatheleli abanye. Ngisho noma unomkhuhlane omncane, ucabanga ukuthi 'umkhuhlane nje' bese uphuma nabanye, uma kuyi-Covid, uzothelela abanye abantu abaningana ngokungazi.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya ungena kahle emakhaya, emakamelweni nasezindaweni zokusebenza: Ukuvula iminyango namafasitela kunciphisa ukugcwala kwezinhlayiya eziphuma emoyeni ezingase zibe negciwane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezigcwele abantu, ezimboziwe zangaphakathi. Uma umoya oqukethe igciwane uvaleleke endaweni eyodwa, wonke umuntu okulelo gumbi unethuba elikhulu lokuliphefumula. Kufana negumbi eligcwele intuthu. Uma amafasitela evuliwe, lowo moya ongcolile uyaphuma bese kungena umoya omusha ohlanzekile. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugcwala kwegciwane.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba? (Umyalezo Ofanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngezinhlobo ze-COVID-19. Ngithemba ukuthi uthole ukuqonda okuthile ngemva kokuzwa konke lokhu. Okokugcina, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Amagciwane ahlala edlula ezinguqukweni ezincane, noma 'ezakhiweni zofuzo' . Lena inqubo yawo yemvelo, futhi asikwazi ukuyivimba.
• Lezi zizukulwane ezintsha zamagciwane ashintsha ngale ndlela zibizwa ngokuthi 'izinhlobo ezahlukene' . Sibone izinhlobo eziningana ezinjalo kulo lonke ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19.
• Lezi zinhlobo ezintsha ngezinye izikhathi zingasakazeka ngokushesha, zibangele ukugula okukhulu, futhi zinciphise impendulo yemithi yokugoma . Kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu.
• Into ebalulekile ukuthi kunezinto ezilula, kodwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulezi zinhlobo. Izinto ezilula njengokuthola imijovo ngesikhathi, ukugeza izandla njalo, ukuhlala kude nabanye uma unezimpawu, ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle, nokugqoka imaski uma kudingeka kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
• Ungesabi, kodwa qaphela. Qaphela ulwazi lwesayensi oluvelayo mayelana nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha. Thola ulwazi emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela. Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Khumbula, uma sonke sisebenzisana futhi sinomthwalo wemfanelo, singalawula lezi zinhlobo zezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza udokotela wakho womndeni noma isikhulu sezempilo sendawo.

I- Covid-19, Izinhlobo zegciwane, Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, i-Coronavirus, Umuthi wokugoma, Ukuphepha, Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, i-WHO