Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama noma ubaba wakho omthandayo, une-Parkinson's Disease. Nakuba kusekhona ikhambi lalesi sifo, kunemithi eminingi ephumelelayo engasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokugcina impilo isezingeni elihle. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini le mithi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini okudingeka siyiqaphele.
Kungani isifo sikaParkinson senzeka? Kwenzekani ngemithi?
Kalula nje, isifo sikaParkinson siyisifo sezinzwa esiqhubekayo esithinta ukunyakaza komzimba. Sibangelwa ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-substantia nigra elawula ukunyakaza. Lawa maseli ezinzwa akhiqiza i-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine .
Cabanga ngakho, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine ibalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu ihambe kahle, njengokushayela emgwaqweni ongenazo iziminyaminya zezimoto. Esifweni sikaParkinson, ukukhiqizwa kwale dopamine kuyehla, okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane, ukuthuthumela, nokuqina.
Ngakho-ke umgomo oyinhloko wemithi eminingi yesifo sikaParkinson ukulawula ngandlela thile amazinga aphansi e-dopamine ebuchosheni.
Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu
Odokotela bavame ukunikeza inhlanganisela yemithi eminingana yeziguli ezinesifo sikaParkinson, hhayi eyodwa kuphela. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi.
| Isigaba Sezidakamizwa | Indlela Esebenza Ngayo | Ulwazi olubalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| I-Levodopa ne-Carbidopa | I-Levodopa iyisidakamizwa esiya ebuchosheni bese siphenduka i-dopamine. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iyabhujiswa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba ifike ebuchosheni, ihlanganiswa nomuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-carbidopa ukuze uyimise. | Lona umuthi oyinhloko nosebenza kahle kakhulu wesifo sikaParkinson. Usebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kancane (bradykinesia), ukuqina, kanye nokuthuthumela. |
| Ama-Dopamine Agonists | Lokhu kuvuselela ama-receptor e-dopamine ebuchosheni futhi "asebenze" njenge-dopamine. Okusho ukuthi, le mithi yenza into efanayo ne-dopamine. | Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo noma ezigulini ezincane, futhi iyasiza ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwe-levodopa isikhathi eside. |
| Ama-enzyme Inhibitors (MAO-B kanye ne-COMT) | Le mithi inciphisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme aphula i-dopamine ebuchosheni, okuvumela i-dopamine ukuthi ihlale ebuchosheni isikhathi eside. | Lokhu kunikezwa ukusiza ukwandisa umphumela we-levodopa nokwenza ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside. |
| I-Amantadine | Kuyasiza ukulawula i-dyskinesia, okuwukunyakaza okungalawulwa kanye nokudlidliza okungabangelwa imithi efana ne-levodopa. | Nakuba ekuqaleni yatholakala njengesidakamizwa sokulwa namagciwane, iwusizo nakwezinye izinkinga zokunyakaza njengesifo sikaParkinson. |
| Imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic | Uma i-dopamine incipha, imiphumela yenye ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine iyanda. Le mithi ivimba imiphumela yayo, inciphise ukuthuthumela nokuqina kwemisipha. | Kungaba usizo ezigulini ezinokuthuthumela ngokweqile. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi yimuphi kule mithi ozoyinikeza nokuthi uzoyinikeza ngesilinganiso sini. Kuya ngobudala besiguli, uhlobo lwezimpawu, kanye nezinye izici eziningi.
Ingabe kufanele futhi siqaphele imiphumela emibi yemithi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, imithi kaParkinson ingaba nemiphumela emibi. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi. Ungakhathazeki, akuwona wonke umuntu ozothola yonke le miphumela emibi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
- I-Levodopa: Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukozela emini, kanye nokwehla kwamandla omzimba kungase kwenzeke ekuqaleni kokwelashwa. Kubantu asebekhulile, ukudideka, ukubona izinto ezingekho, noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kungase kwenzeke.
- Ama-Dopamine Agonists: Lawa angabangela isicanucanu, ukozela, umlomo owomile, ukudideka, kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho lapho uqala ukuzithatha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
- Eminye imithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela imiphumela emibi njengohudo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuqwasha, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukuqunjelwa, noma umlomo owomile.
Isixwayiso esibaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha i-levodopa noma wehlise umthamo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela esimweni esiyingozi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-Parkinsonism Hyperpyrexia Syndrome. Kuyisimo esibi kakhulu esifana ne-Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. Uma udinga ukuyeka ukuthatha umuthi nganoma yisiphi isizathu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ingabe ikhona imithi yezinye izimpawu ezingahlobene nokunyakaza?
Yebo. Isifo sikaParkinson asisona nje isifo esithinta ukunyakaza komzimba. Kodwa kunezinye izinkinga eziningi ezihambisana naso. Udokotela angazilapha nazo.
| Isibonakaliso | Ukwelashwa Okungenzeka |
|---|---|
| Ukuqunjelwa | Imithi esiza ekunciphiseni indle, njenge-polyethylene glycol (njenge-MiraLax). |
| Ukulala Emini | Imithi efana neModafinil (njengeProvigil). |
| Ukucindezeleka noma Ukukhathazeka | Ama-antidepressant ohlobo lwe-SSRI. |
| I-Psychosis/Ukuphupha Okungasho lutho | Imithi ethile yokulwa nesifo sengqondo efana ne-pimavanserin. |
| Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile | Umuthi we-Sildenafil (njenge-Viagra). |
Yini enye engenziwa ngaphandle kwemithi?
Imithi iyingxenye eyodwa nje yale mpi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinto eziningi ezingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni isifo sikaParkinson. Eqinisweni, ukuzivocavoca umzimba yinto kuphela efakazelwe ukuthi inciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Izinhlelo zokwelapha ngokomzimba ezenzelwe ngqo iziguli zikaParkinson zingathuthukisa ibhalansi, ukuhamba, kanye nokuzinza.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngenhliziyo ngesonto. Imisebenzi efana nokugibela ibhayisikili kanye nebhokisi itholakale inenzuzo enkulu.
- Impilo Yengqondo: Ukuphila nesifo esingamahlalakhona njenge-Parkinson's kungaba yinselele engqondweni. Ngakho-ke uma uzizwa udangele noma ukhathazekile, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengososayensi wengqondo.
Kufanele ngiphinde ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma uthatha imithi kaParkinson, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uhlole ukuthi imithi iyasebenza yini nokuthi unezimpawu ezintsha yini. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinjengalezi.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ongeke uyibekezelele.
- Uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki noma ziba zimbi kakhulu.
- Uma uzizwa sengathi ufuna ukuyeka umuthi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba isifo sikaParkinson singelapheki ngokuphelele, izimpawu zingalawulwa kahle futhi ungaphila impilo enhle.
- I-Levodopa iwumuthi oyinhloko nosebenza kahle kakhulu walesi sifo.
- Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kubaluleke njengemithi. Ukuzivocavoca kungasiza ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi noma ezinye izinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uhlala ekulungele ukukusiza.
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