Ingabe amehlo akho ayalubona lolu hlobo loshintsho? Ake sifunde ngokuwohloka kwe-Pellucid Marginal!

Uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyawohloka kancane kancane? Ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ukubona kahle ngisho nangezibuko? Lokhu kungaba yinto ebalulekile kuwe. Empeleni lesi yisimo samehlo esingavamile, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqaphela.

Kuyini ngempela ukonakala kwePellucid Marginal?

Kalula nje, i-Pellusic Marginal Degeneration, noma i-PMD ngamafuphi, yisimo esithinta i-cornea, ingxenye ecacile, eyindilinga engaphambili kweso lakho. Iqhubeka kancane. Uyazi, i-cornea enempilo yiyo esisiza sibone umhlaba ngokucacile. Ifana nelensi yekhamera.

Ku-PMD, ingxenye ye-cornea, ikakhulukazi eduze komphetho ongezansi we-cornea, iba mncane ngesimo senyanga ecwebezelayo. Cabanga ngewashi. Lokhu kuncipha kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni ephakathi kwezandla zesi-4 nezesi-8 zewashi. Ingxenye ye-cornea engenhla kwalokhu kuncipha iyaqhuma phambili, ngamanye amazwi, iba yi-elliptical. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko, imisebe yokukhanya engena esweni ayigxili kahle. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-astigmatism. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ukubona kwakho kunciphe kancane kancane.

Esikhathini esiningi, i-PMD ithinta womabili amehlo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Into enhle ukuthi ayibangeli izibazi ku-cornea. Yingakho i-cornea ihlala icacile (igama elithi `pellucid` lisho "okucacile").

Ngenxa yokuthi i-PMD ikhula kancane kakhulu, ungase ungabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoba i-cornea iqhubeka nokuncipha futhi iqhuma phambili, i-astigmatism iyanda. Yilapho umbono wakho uba mubi kancane kancane. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

I-PMD ingathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga noma ubuzwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa. Ivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-20, 30, noma 40. Kodwa-ke, ingatholakala nakubantu abaneminyaka engu-50 noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

Azikho izibalo eziqondile zokuthi kuvame kangakanani. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile njenge-keratoconus, esinye isimo esithinta i-cornea (lapho i-cornea iqhuma khona iye esimweni se-cone). I-Keratoconus kulinganiselwa ukuthi ithinta phakathi komuntu oyedwa kwabangu-400 noyedwa kwabangu-2,000. Ngakho-ke i-PMD iyisimo esingajwayelekile kancane.

Ziyini izimpawu? Uzibona kanjani?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-PMD ukuwohloka kancane kancane kombono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwe-astigmatism. Iningi labantu alibi nobuhlungu bamehlo noma ezinye izimpawu ezithile.

Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, i-PMD ingabangela inkinga enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-acute corneal hydrops. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-cornea ivuvukala ngokuzumayo, okubangela ukubona okufiphele kanye nokuzwela ukukhanya. Abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu obukhulu. Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Iyini imbangela?

Eqinisweni, abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-PMD noma yiziphi izici eziyingozi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani kwenzeka.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izivivinyo abazenzayo?

Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo (ophthalmologist) angaxilonga i-PMD. Uzohlola amehlo akho, enze izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene, futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, ikakhulukazi ukuthi ngabe ubulokhu ulahlekelwa umbono isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga lesi simo, futhi okucatshangelwa ukuthi "kuyindinganiso yegolide," kubizwa ngokuthi i-corneal topography. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okungenabuhlungu. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuhlala phambi komshini. Umshini uthatha izithombe zamehlo akho bese udala amamephu anemibala ebusweni be-cornea. Kufana nemephu ekhombisa ukuphakama kwentaba. Udokotela wamehlo ufunda la mamephu ukuze afunde ngesimo kanye nokugoba kwe-cornea yakho.

Imephu ye-cornea yomuntu one-PMD ngezinye izikhathi ingabonisa "amajuba aqabulayo" (njengamajuba amabili aqabulayo) noma "izinzipho zenkala" (njengenkala). Lawa mamephu abonisa izindawo ze-cornea ezigobile ngokucijile, noma ezivele, ngombala obomvu. Lawa mamephu asetshenziswa udokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi une-PMD noma esinye isimo esithinta i-cornea (i-corneal ectasia).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Izinketho zokwelapha zincike ebunzimeni besimo sakho nokuthi sesithuthuke kangakanani. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ungase ukwazi ukusebenzisa izibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana ukuze uthuthukise umbono wakho. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi okuxhumana. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angakusiza ukhethe uhlobo olufanelana kahle nesimo sakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma ungase ubone kangcono uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, ngeke kuvimbele lesi simo ukuba sibe sibi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, uma umbono wakho unganele ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngezibuko noma ama-contact lens, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa ekugcineni. Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa ingxenye eyonakele noma yonke i-cornea yakho bese uyishintsha ngezicubu ze-cornea ezinempilo ezivela kumnikeli. Kukhona nezinqubo ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa zalokhu. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela izinzuzo nezingozi zenqubo ngayinye.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela i-PMD?

Ngeshwa, akukho ongakwenza ukuvimbela i-PMD.Ngoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, abacwaningi abakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe amehlo. Angahlola impilo yamehlo akho futhi athole noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Uma i-PMD itholakala kusenesikhathi, ingaqashwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi iqhubeka kanjani futhi ihlele ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-PMD?

Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakutshela ngesimo sakho. I-PMD ayibangeli ubumpumputhe obuphelele. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umbono wakho uwohloka kancane kancane, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke. Izinga lesi sifo esiqhubeka ngalo liyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngakho-ke, iseluleko sezokwelapha kanye nokulandelela impilo yonke kuyadingeka ukuze kuqashwe isimo sakho futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lusebenza kahle.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? Ngizinakekela kanjani amehlo ami?

Uma une-PMD noma esinye isifo se-cornea, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela lezi zinto:

• Gwema ukuhlikihla amehlo akho. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezifana ne-corneal hydrops, nakuba kungavamile.
• Gwema ukuhlikihla amehlo akho ngamandla. Lokhu kungandisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwamehlo, okungase kubangele nokuncipha kwe-corneal hydrops.
• Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, wahlanze njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile.
• Gcina inhlanzeko yamehlo ihlanzekile. Geza indawo ezungeze amehlo akho nsuku zonke ngensipho ethambile namanzi afudumele. Bese uyomisa ngendwangu ethambile.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kuthiwani uma kuyisimo esiphuthumayo?

Ngokuvamile kufanele uhlolwe amehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi ufike uzohlolwa ngokushesha. Qiniseka ukuthi uya kuzo zonke lezo zikhathi zokuqokwa.

Futhi, uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingachazeki, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke shayela u-1990 ngokushesha noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze:

• Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu emehlweni.
• Ukubona okufiphele ngokuzumayo noma ukubona okukabili.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo (i-Edema).

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma utholakale une-PMD, kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Xoxa ngayo yonke imibuzo yakho nokukhathazeka kwakho nodokotela wakho bese uthola izimpendulo ozidingayo. Isibonelo, ungase ubuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Isimo sami sesithuthuke kangakanani?
• Iyiphi indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kimi?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze nginakekele amehlo ami ekhaya?
• Ingabe kukhona imisebenzi okungafanele ngiyenze?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Pellucid Marginal Degeneration (PMD) kanye ne-Keratoconus?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-PMD ingabukeka njenge-keratoconus (isimo lapho i-cornea iqhuma khona iye esimweni sekhoni). Ngenxa yalokho, abanye abantu abane-PMD bangase bahlonzwe kabi ngokuthi bane-keratoconus, yize empeleni bene-PMD. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana zomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili.

Okunye okufanele ukwazi ukuthi ungaba ne-PMD kanye ne-keratoconus. Eqinisweni, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi abane-PMD naye une-keratoconus.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukonakala kwe-Pellucid Marginal kungathinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke futhi kungakwenza ukhathazeke kancane ngekusasa. Kodwa-ke, thatha usuku nosuku, bese usebenzisana nochwepheshe wakho ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okudingayo. Iningi labantu abane-PMD abanazo izinkinga ezinkulu. Bangakwazi ukuphatha lesi simo ngezibuko noma ama-contact lens. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yindlela engcono kakhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezinketho zakho nokuthi yini ongayilindela esikhathini esizayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uzolile futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Ukuwohloka Kwengxenye Engezansi Yesikhumba, i-PMD, i-Cornea, i-Astigmatism, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Izifo Zamehlo, I-Corneal Topography, i-Keratoconus