Ingabe unenkinga ngevalvu yamaphaphu yenhliziyo yakho? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu! (Isifo sevalvu yamaphaphu)

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uqinile esifubeni sakho, kunzima ukuphefumula, noma ngisho nokuzikhandla kancane? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga nge-valve yakho yamaphaphu, esebenza njengesango elincane enhliziyweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula kakhulu namuhla. Ukuqonda lokhu kuzokunikeza umuzwa omkhulu wokukhululeka.

Iyini Isifo Se-Pulmonary Valve?

Kalula nje, isifo se-Pulmonary Valve yinoma yisiphi isimo lapho i-Pulmonary Valve, i-valve ebaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni yethu, ingasebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngayo njengomlindi wesango. Yiyo evumela igazi ukuthi lidlule lisuka ekamelweni elingezansi ngakwesokudla kwenhliziyo yakho, i-Right Ventricle , liye emthanjeni oyinhloko othwala igazi liye emaphashini, i-Pulmonary Artery . Lapho igazi lifika emaphashini, lithatha umoya-mpilo omusha. Ngemuva kwalokho, lelo gazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo lisakazwa kuwo wonke umzimba, linike amangqamuzana ethu impilo.

Ngakho-ke, uma kunenkinga ngale valve yamaphaphu, kuba nzima ngegazi lakho ukufinyelela emaphashini akho. Kwenzekani-ke? Izicubu, amaseli, kanye nezitho zomzimba zithola umoya-mpilo sekwephuzile. Lokhu kufana nepayipi lamanzi elivalekayo bese ukugeleza kwamanzi kwehla. Yingakho sinezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo se-Pulmonary Valve?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo sama-valve ephaphu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini, kalula nje:

1. Ukuvuselelwa Kwevalvu Yamaphaphu: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ivalvu ingavali kahle, futhi igazi elithile livuza emuva. Cabanga ngakho njengompompi wamanzi ongavalwanga kahle futhi uvuza amaconsi amanzi ngamaconsi. Ngemuva kwalokho inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuze isunduze lelo gazi emuva phambili.

2. I-Pulmonary Valve Stenosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-valve ivaleka, noma ivalwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Lokhu kunciphisa indlela yokugeleza kwegazi. Cabanga ngakho njengokucindezela ipayipi lamanzi, elinciphisa indlela yokugeleza kwamanzi. Lokhu kubangela inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kanzima ukusunduza igazi phambili.

3. I-Pulmonary Atresia: Lesi yisimo esibucayi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umntwana ezalwa ene-valve engakhekanga noma engakakhuli kahle . Lesi yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.

Isifo Se-Pulmonary Valve Sivame Kangakanani?

Ake sibone ukuthi lezi zifo zivame kangakanani.

Ukubuyela kwe-valve yamaphaphu (igazi elivuza emuva nge-valve) empeleni kuvame kakhulu.Abanye abantu bazalwa benesakhiwo se-valve esihlukile kancane. Abantu abanalo mehluko womzimba banamathuba amaningi okuthola i-pulmonary valve regurgitation. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, ithambile kakhulu. Lokho akusho ukuthi kuyinto okufanele uyesabe noma uyelaphe. Kwabaningi abantu, ayibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu.

I-pulmonary valve stenosis (ukuncipha kwe-valve) kwenzeka kubantu abangaba ngu-7% abanesifo senhliziyo abazalwa naso.

E-United States, cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-7,000 izalwa ine-pulmonary atresia (ukungabikho kwe-valve lapho izalwa). Nakuba izibalo ezweni lethu zingaqondile, lesi yisimo okudingeka sicatshangelwe.

Yiziphi izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu zesifo se-Pulmonary Valve zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Kuzwakala sengathi isifuba sakho siyacindezelwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalapho uphefumula.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele nje, umuzwa wokuba buthakathaka kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu: Ukuzizwa unesizungu, ngezinye izikhathi uphelelwa amandla.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula kanzima, ngisho noma uhamba kancane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzivocavoca: Angizizwa sengathi ngifuna ukugijima, ukugxuma, noma ukuzivocavoca njengoba ngangivame ukwenza, futhi noma ngabe ngikwenza, ngisheshe ngikhathale.

Kodwa khumbula, abantu abane-stenosis encane noma ukuvuvukala okuncane kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile.

Uma ingane ine-Pulmonary Atresia, ingaba nobunzima bokuphefumula, ubunzima bokudla, ivame ukulala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni sayo (i-Cyanosis). Lokhu kuyinto okufanele niyiqaphele kakhulu. Njengabazali, uma nibona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele nibone udokotela ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo se-Pulmonary Valve?

Izimbangela zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ake sibone ukuthi sisebenza kanjani.

• Izimbangela ze-Pulmonary Stenosis: Ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukuthola imbangela ethile yalokhu. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo singabangelwa yizifo ezithile zofuzo noma uma umama ethola isifo esifana ne-rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Rubella yisifo esingathinta ingane esanda kuzalwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Izimbangela zokubuyela kwe-valve yamaphaphu:Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningana. Isibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme (ikakhulukazi umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu), i-endocarditis, umkhuhlane wamathambo, njll. Kungabangelwa futhi yizinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo noma ukwelashwa kwazo. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abaye baba nesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Tetralogy of Fallot.
• Izimbangela ze-Pulmonary Atresia: Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela eqondile yalesi simo ayaziwa. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo zomntwana osanda kuzalwa, ukuchayeka ebuthi obungokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma into umama ayithathayo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi sifo?

Isifo se-Pulmonary Valve sibangela ukuthi i-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo yakho isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungalimaza inhliziyo yakho futhi kubangele ukuthi ikhule. Nakuba kungavamile, uma lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, singaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni wakho.

Izingane ezine-Pulmonary Atresia zingaba nesifo sesibindi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela, uma ezwa umsindo ongajwayelekile lapho elalele inhliziyo yakho (nge-stethoscope ) , kungaba uphawu lwe-Pulmonary Regurgitation noma i-Pulmonary Stenosis. Lo msindo ongavamile owenziwa igazi eligeleza ngama-valve.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo?

Udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuqinisekisa isifo se-valve yamaphaphu:

• I-Echocardiogram yengane esanda kuzalwa: Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izimo ezifana ne-Pulmonary Atresia ngaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe.
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kungabheka izinto eziningi, njengokusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nesimo sama-valve. Kusetshenziselwa ukuthola i-'Atresia', i-'Stenosis' noma i-'Regurgitation'. Kufana nokuthatha isithombe senhliziyo usebenzisa umsindo.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini ezimweni ze-'atresia'. Kuwukuhlolwa okulula okwenziwa ngokubeka i-clip emunweni.
• Ukuhlanza Inhliziyo: Lokhu kwenziwa ezimweni ze-'Atresia' noma i-'Stenosis'. Indlela lapho ipayipi elincane lidluliselwa khona ngemithambo yegazi liye enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi, futhi uma kudingeka, ukuze kwelashwe.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo ezimweni ze-'Atresia' noma 'Regurgitation'.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kusiza ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo ezimweni ze-'Stenosis' noma 'Regurgitation'.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kusiza ukubona ubukhulu benhliziyo kanye nesimo samaphaphu uma kwenzeka 'ukubuyela emuva'.

Isifo se-Pulmonary Valve selashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo onaso. Ngezinye izikhathi kungalawulwa ngemithi, ngezinye izikhathi kungadinga ngisho nokuhlinzwa.

Imithi ethile kanye nokwelashwa

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha isifo se-valve yamaphaphu:

• I-Balloon Valvuloplasty: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kwandiswe ivalvu yamaphaphu encishisiwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka idivayisi encane efana nebhaluni kuvalvu bese uyifutha.
• Ukufakwa kwemithi noma i-stent (ye-"Atresia"): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugcina i-"Ductus Arteriosus" ivulekile, umthambo wegazi ovala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana. Ukugcina leli payipi livulekile kusiza ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini.
• Ama-Diuretics: Le mithi inikezwa ukuvimbela ukugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuvuza kwegazi kusuka kuma-valve. Ibangela umzimba ukuthi ukhiphe amanzi angaphezulu ngomchamo.
• Imithi Yokucindezeleka Kwegazi Emaphashini (umfutho wegazi ophezulu emaphashini) noma i-Endocarditis (ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo) (yokuvuselela): Imithi inikezwa ukulawula lezi zimo.
• Inqubo ye-Transcatheter noma ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile: Lezi zinqubo zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ivalvu evuzayo noma ukufaka ivalvu entsha.

Izinkinga/imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokudla ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi zinikwe ukudla ngepayipi elincane ngekhala lazo (ukuncelisa ngepayipi).

Ngemva kokufakelwa ivalvu, ingane yakho kuzodingeka ithathe ama-antibiotic uma yenza umsebenzi wamazinyo. Le mithi inciphisa ingozi yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-endocarditis.

Ngemva kokulungiswa kwevalvu yamaphaphu, ingavuza futhi, futhi udokotela kungase kudingeke ayivule noma ayishintshe.

Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunethuba elincane lokutheleleka noma ukopha, kodwa odokotela bayaqaphela kakhulu ngalokho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-'Pulmonary Atresia', ingane yakho izohlala esibhedlela cishe isonto noma amabili. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-'Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation', ukululama kungathatha amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga. Ngemva kwe-'Valvuloplasty' ye-'Pulmonary Stenosis', kuzodingeka ugweme imisebenzi enzima cishe isonto.

Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo se-Pulmonary Valve?

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ngalesi sifo kungase kuhluke kokwabanye abantu. Abanye abantu banezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi bangase bangadingi ukuhlinzwa. Abanye bangadinga ukuhlinzwa kwama-valve angaphezu kokukodwa empilweni yabo.

Umbono wesifo se-pulmonary valve

Umbono wezingane ezine-valvuloplasty ye-pulmonary valve stenosis muhle kakhulu . Ngokuvamile azidingi lutho olungaphezu kokuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wenhliziyo wezingane. Abanye abantu kungadingeka baphinde bavuselelwe i-valve yabo ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-15.

I-pulmonary atresia ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa, kodwa izingane eziningi ziyasinda zize zibe abantu abadala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Umbono wabantu abanesifo sokuphefumula esiphansi noma esiphakathi nendawo muhle. Kubantu abanesifo esibi kakhulu, umbono uncike ekutheni bathola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Awukwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi ingane yakho ibe nesifo se-Pulmonary Valve Disease, isimo esenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo. Kodwa uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, qiniseka ukuthi uwutholile umgomo we-Rubella.

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation ngokugwema izimo ezibangela lokhu, njenge-Pulmonary Hypertension, i-Endocarditis, kanye ne-Rheumatic Fever.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Phatha izinto ongazilawula futhi ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile.

• Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-cholesterol.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ngisho nokuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kuhle.
• Yidla izithelo, imifino, kanye nokudla okunamafutha agcwele aphansi noma okungenawo nhlobo. Ukudla kwethu kwasendaweni kufaneleka kakhulu kulokhu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Ungaphuthelwa ama-aphoyintimenti akho okulandelela nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo. Angahlola ukuthi i-valve yakho isasebenza kahle yini. Angase afune nokuphinda ezinye zezivivinyo ezisetshenziswe ukukuxilonga kwasekuqaleni. Isibonelo:

• I-Echocardiogram (i-Echo)
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
• I-MRI yenhliziyo
• I-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-EKG)

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Iziqephu zokuquleka njalo.
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha (Heart Palpitations).
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukopha, njengomkhuhlane kanye negazi esitulweni, ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi (noma enganeni yami)?
• Uyazi yini imbangela yesifo sami (noma sengane yami) se-Pulmonary Valve?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza kuwe (noma ingane yami)?
• Ingabe kukhona amaqembu okusekela abazali bezingane ezinesifo senhliziyo?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ungakhululekile uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho (noma inhliziyo yakho) ine-Pulmonary Valve Disease. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Odokotela benhliziyo babhekana nalezi zinkinga zama-valve ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bangasebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe noma kwengane yakho.

Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo nganoma yini ongayiqondi. Yenza zonke izivivinyo udokotela wakho aziyalayo, bese uthatha yonke imithi oyinikwayo ngesikhathi. Awuwedwa, futhi kukhona odokotela, abahlengikazi, nomndeni wakho abazokusiza kulolu hambo. Ukuhlala unethemba nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ululame ngokushesha.

Isifo Se - Pulmonary Valve, I-Heart Valve, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ubunzima Bokuphefumula, Ubuhlungu Besifuba, Isifo Senhliziyo Sokuzalwa, Izinkinga Ze-Heart Valve, I-Pulmonary Stenosis, Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Pulmonary, I-Pulmonary Atresia