Ake sifunde nge-Radiopharmaceuticals ngendlela elula. Lokhu kuzobaluleka kakhulu kuwe!

Cishe uyesaba kancane uma uzwa igama elithi "i-radiopharmaceuticals," akunjalo? Igama elithi "radioactive" lisikhumbuza ngokushesha into eyingozi, kodwa uma isetshenziswa kahle kwezokwelapha, ingaba usizo olukhulu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi iphephile kangakanani kuwe.

Ziyini lezi zidakamizwa ze-radiopharmaceuticals? Masiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, lezi `(i-Radiopharmaceuticals)` nazo ziwuhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi . Kodwa zinesakhi esincane semisebe, okungukuthi, zinomsebe. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuwukusebenza kwemisebe okulawulwayo nophephile. Odokotela bethu, okungukuthi, odokotela kanye nabahlinzeki bezempilo abahlobene, basebenzisa le mithi ekuhlolweni kwezithombe kwezokwelapha zenuzi kanye nokwelapha izifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi izimila zomdlavuza .

Cabanga ngakho, uma befuna ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wakho, ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bakunikeza umuthi omncane wokuphuza noma umjovo ngaphambi kokuskena? Lokhu kuyinto efana naleyo. Le mithi ekhethekile yenziwa futhi isakazwe ngabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ababizwa ngokuthi osokhemisi benyukliya . Bese kuthi , ososayensi bemisebe kanye nochwepheshe bemisebe (ama-RT) bayisebenzisele ukwenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bemisebe nabo banikeza le mithi njengokwelashwa.

Zisetshenziselwani lezi zidakamizwa ze-radiopharmaceuticals?

Le mithi isetshenziswa kakhulu ngezingxenye ezimbili. Ake sibone ukuthi iyini.

1. Imithi Yokuxilonga Ye-Radiopharmaceuticals

Ama-radiopharmaceuticals avame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezithombe zemithi yenuzi . Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ama-radiopharmaceuticals okuxilonga." E-United States kuphela, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izigidi zalezi zivivinyo zemithi yenuzi zenziwa minyaka yonke. Ngakho ungacabanga ukuthi zisetshenziswa kabanzi kangakanani.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola ukuthi izitho nezicubu zomzimba wakho zisebenza kahle yini . Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

Unikwa inani elincane kakhulu lalo muthi onemisebe ukuze uwuphuze, uwuphefumule, noma uwufake. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-radiotracer . Inani lomuthi onemisebe owunikwayo ngeke likulimaze. Linani elincane kakhulu. Lo muthi uya endaweni lapho kunenkinga khona emzimbeni wakho bese uqoqa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ikhamera ebucayi kakhulu, njengekhamera ye-gamma, ithola imisebe emzimbeni wakho bese idala izithombe udokotela angazibona.

Cabanga nje, lo muthi ufana nomphenyi ongena emzimbeni, ethola izindawo eziyinkinga bese esibonisa ukuthi, "Yilapha lapho inkinga ikhona."

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zendlela imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals esetshenziswa ngayo ekuxilongeni:

• I-Fluorine-18: Lena i-radiotracer evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-PET scan (ama-Positron Emission Tomography scans).
• I-Technetium 99m: Lesi yisici esisetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yenuzi. Sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola amathambo, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nokusebenza kwezinso.
• I-Xenon-133: Lona umuthi onemisebe owuphefumulayo. Unikezwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu (ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu).
• I-Rubidium-82: Lona umuthi onikezwa wona ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Usetshenziselwa ukubheka isimo semisipha yenhliziyo (i-myocardial imaging).

2. Imithi Yokwelapha Ngemisebe

Manje ake sixoxe ngendlela le mithi esetshenziswa ngayo ekwelapheni. Lokhu kuhlukile kancane kuleyo esetshenziselwa ukuxilonga. Imithi ye-Radiopharmaceuticals esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ikhipha imisebe enamandla kakhulu futhi ebulala amangqamuzana . Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubulala amangqamuzana angaphili kahle, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana omdlavuza .

Le mithi ifana "nabazingeli abahle." Okusho ukuthi, ithola amangqamuzana omdlavuza bese iletha ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngqo kulawo maseli . Lokhu kuhlukile ekwelashweni ngemisebe yangaphandle , okusebenzisa umshini ukuthumela imisebe yemisebe ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Kodwa le mithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals yokwelapha isebenza ngqo ngokubhekisa kumuntu ohlosiwe.

Lo mkhakha, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhipha imisebe yokwelapha, musha kakhulu. Abacwaningi basahlola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwabo. Bakholelwa ukuthi imithi yokwelapha ngemisebe yokwelapha izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.

Yimiphi imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals esetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-"Radiopharmaceuticals" ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukwelapha umdlavuza. Isibonelo:

• I-PLUVICTO® (i-lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan): Lona umuthi ovunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Usetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-prostate (umdlavuza we-prostate omelana ne-PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant - PSMA-positive mCRPC).
• Lutathera™ `(Lutathera™ - Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate)`:Lona futhi umuthi ovunyelwe yi-FDA. Usetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimila ezithile ze-neuroendocrine (izimila ze-neuroendocrine ze-somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine) ezenzeka esiswini, emathunjini, kanye nakuma-pancreas.
• I-Iodine-131: Lolu uhlobo oluyinhloko lokwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe. Lungalapha eminye imidlavuza ye-thyroid kanye nezinye izimo zesifo sikaGraves, esaziwa nangokuthi i-hyperthyroidism.
• I-Radium-223: Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwelapheni izimila zamathambo ezenzeka lapho umdlavuza we-prostate usakazeka (usakazeka) emathanjeni. I-US FDA igunyaze i-Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo™) ngale njongo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo eziningana zokwelapha nge-radiopharmaceutical okwamanje zisezivivinyweni zemitholampilo zezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Yimiphi imithi ye-radiopharmaceutical esetshenziswa kakhulu?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-Technetium-99m iyi-radiopharmaceutical odokotela abayisebenzisa kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwezithombe zokuxilonga. Kuyasiza "ukubona" ​​okulandelayo:

• Ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini akho (pulmonary perfusion).
• Ukugeleza kwegazi ohlelweni lwakho lwemithambo yegazi (ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi).
• Amathambo.
• Izicubu ze-myocardial.
• Izindlala ze-lacrimal.
• Indlala yegilo.

Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-radiopharmaceutical ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:

• ¹⁸F I-Fluorodeoxyglucose `(¹⁸F I-Fluorodeoxyglucose - FDG)`
• I-Gallium-68 DOTATATE
• I-Gallium-68 PSMA `(Gallium-68 PSMA)`
• ¹⁸F PSMA `(¹⁸F PSMA)`
• I-Iodine 123 `(Iodine 123)`

Ngakho-ke ingabe le mithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals iphephile ngempela?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Uma usetshenziswa futhi uphathwa kahle, imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals iphephile. Udokotela wakho we-radiation kanye/noma i-radiation oncologist uzosebenza nosokhemisi we-nuclear ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lemithi ye-radiopharmaceutical oyinikwayo lilungile futhi liphephile . Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Njengayo yonke imithi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungabangela eminye imiphumela emibi . Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo zomuthi zivame ukuba nkulu kunezingozi. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela le miphumela emibi engaba khona ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa.

Nakuba imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals ibilokhu isetshenziswa amashumi eminyaka ekuthathweni kwezithombe zemithi yenuzi, isanda kuqala ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Abacwaningi basacwaninga ukuthi le mithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals ihlasela futhi ibulale kanjani amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma unesifiso sokufunda ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo zemithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals yokwelapha umdlavuza, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bayajabula ukukusiza.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto eziyinhloko okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Imithi ye-Radiopharmaceuticals uhlobo olukhethekile lomuthi olulawula ukusebenza kwemisebe .
• Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zokuxilonga (isib. ukuskena kwe-PET, ukuskena kwamathambo) kanye nokwelapha ezinye izifo, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza .
• Ekuxilongeni, lezi zisebenza njenge-"Radiotracers", "zikhomba" izindawo zomzimba lapho kunezinkinga khona.
• Ekwelashweni, lokhu kusiza ekuhlaseleni nasekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza .
• Le mithi iphephile uma inikezwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha . Njengayo yonke imithi, kungaba nemiphumela emibi emincane, kodwa izinzuzo zivame ukuyedlula.
• Lo mkhakha, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni komdlavuza, usathuthuka , futhi kungalindelwa intuthuko eningi esikhathini esizayo.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uzwa nge-"(Radiopharmaceutical)", usuyaqonda kangcono ukuthi iyini nokuthi isetshenziselwani, akunjalo? Uma uneminye imibuzo, unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Imithi Yemisebe, Imithi Yenuzi, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, Ama-Scan, Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe, Ukuxilongwa