Uke waqaphela ngokuzumayo ukuthi umbono wakho kwelinye iso awucacile? Noma uzizwa sengathi izinto ezincane ezimnyama ziyantanta phambi kweso lakho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane lapho kwenzeka into efana nale. Isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kungabangelwa ukuvaleka komthambo omncane wegazi ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Retinal Vein Occlusion, noma i-RVO ngamafuphi. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngamagama alula namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO)?
Cabanga ngeso lakho njengekhamera. Ingxenye yeso ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina ifana nefilimu engemuva kwekhamera. Yilapho ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni esizibonayo kuguqulwa khona kube izithombe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze le retina isebenze kahle, idinga ukutholakala kwegazi okuhle. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunemithambo yegazi eletha igazi nemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi ngesizathu esithile, umthambo othwala lelo gazi emuva, umthambo, uvaleka kancane noma uvaleke. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livaleka, igazi alikwazi ukugeleza kulo. Bese igazi libuyela emuva, likhulise ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-retina futhi libangele ukuthi ivuvuke. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) . Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, noma singabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-RVO.
Sihlukanisa i-RVO ibe izinhlobo ezimbili kuye ngokuthi lokhu kuvinjelwa kwenzeka kuphi.
| Uhlobo lwe-RVO | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal Ephakathi (i-CRVO) | Lokhu kuvinjelwa komthambo omkhulu ku-retina. Kufana nepayipi elikhulu lamanzi elivalekile. Lokhu kungathinta yonke i-retina. |
| Ukuvalelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal Yegatsha (i-BRVO) | Lokhu ukuvaleka komthambo omncane wegatsha osuka emthanjeni oyinhloko. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ye-retina iyathinteka. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ongase uzizwe ngesikhathi usesimweni se-RVO?
Izimpawu ze-RVO zivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Zingaqala ngokuzumayo noma zikhule kancane kancane phakathi nesikhathi samahora noma izinsuku.
- Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa umbono: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu.
- Ama-Floater: Ukubona amachashazi amnyama noma imigqa intanta phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso: Lokhu kubonakala ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singavela ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Udokotela wakho angase akuthole ngengozi uma uya kohlolwa amehlo njalo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo akho njalo.
Kungani umthambo ubhajwa ngaphakathi kweso kanje?
Kunzima kakhulu ukukhomba isizathu esisodwa salokhu, kodwa kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko ezihilelekile.
Kalula nje, kunezindawo lapho umthambo nomthambo ose-retina kuhlangana khona. Njengoba siguga, noma ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol ziyakhiwa, izindonga zemithambo ziba zinkulu futhi ziqine. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Umthambo oqinile njengalona uqala ukucindezela umthambo obuthakathaka ngaphansi kwawo. Kufana nepayipi lamanzi elichotshozwayo lapho kubekwa into esindayo phezu kwawo. Lokhu kucindezela kungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo, futhi ihlule legazi lingakheka futhi livimbe ngokuphelele umthambo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nazo zandisa ingozi yokuthola i-RVO.
Izinto ezandisa ingozi ye-RVO
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 basengozini enkulu. Kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engama-50-60. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme | Lokhu kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi se-RVO. |
| Isifo sikashukela | Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi esweni. |
| I-Glaucoma | Lesi simo, esikhuphula ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, naso siyingozi. |
| I-Cholesterol Ephakeme kanye ne-Atherosclerosis | Ukuvaleka kungenzeka ngenxa yokuqina nokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi. |
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?
Uma i-RVO ingelashwa ngokushesha, ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu esweni.
- I-Cystoid Macular Edema: I-macula yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ephakathi kwe-retina esinika umbono ocacile nobukhali. Uma umthambo wegazi uvalekile, ungagcwala uketshezi futhi uvuvuke. Lokhu kungabangela ukufiphala okukhulu kombono.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Yegazi: Uma ukugeleza kwegazi ngaphakathi kweso kuphazamiseka , umzimba uzama ukuvala isikhala sokuntuleka kwalokhu ngokwakha imithambo yegazi emisha. Kodwa-ke, le mithambo yegazi emisha ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi inezindonga ezincane. Lokhu kungaqhuma kalula futhi kubangele ukopha ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous hemorrhage).
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi esweni (Neovascular Glaucoma): Le mithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka ivimba izindawo ezilawula ukugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungabangela ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu ngaphakathi kweso, kulimaze inzwa ye-optic futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele.
- Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Retinal: Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. I-retinal ingasuka odongeni lweso ngenxa yokudonswa kwemithambo yegazi emisha.
Udokotela uhlonza futhi aphathe kanjani lokhu?
Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nochwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uzohlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela.
Ukuxilongwa
Udokotela uzofaka amaconsi esweni lakho ukuze avule imbobo bese ehlola ingaphakathi leso lakho nge-microscope ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- Iskeni se-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kungalinganisa ubukhulu be-retina futhi kunqume ngokunembile ukuthi i-macula ivuvukele yini.
- I-Fluorescein Angiography: Idayi ekhethekile ifakwa emthanjeni ongalweni yakho bese kuthathwa izithombe njengoba ihamba ngemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi umthambo uvalekile kuphi nokuthi umonakalo ongakanani owenzekile.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Kuze kube manje, ayikho indlela ephephile yokuvula kabusha umthambo ovalekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokulawula umonakalo kanye nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukuvaleka . Izinhloso eziyinhloko zalezi zindlela zokwelapha yilezi:
- Thuthukisa umbono wakho noma uwuvimbele ukuthi ube mubi kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga ezivele.
- Ukulawula izici eziyingozi (njengomfutho wegazi nesifo sikashukela) ezibangela i-RVO.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
1. Imijovo Yokulwa Ne-VEGF: Lena yindlela yokwelapha yokuqala esetshenziswa kakhulu. Kukhona ikhemikhali (i-VEGF) ebangela ukuvuvukala nokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, ebuthakathaka ngaphakathi kweso. Lo mjovo usebenza ngokuvimba leyo khemikhali. Umjovo unikezwa ngemva kokuba iso seliphelelwe amandla ngamaconsi amehlo. Kuye ngesimo sakho, kungadingeka ukuthi uthole le mijovo njalo ngenyanga noma ngezikhathi ezithile.
2. Imijovo Yama-Steroid: Le mijovo isetshenziselwa nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, ingandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke inikezwa kuphela njengenketho yesibili uma imijovo yokulwa ne-VEGF ingasizi.
3. Ukwelashwa nge-laser (i-Panretinal Photocoagulation - PRP): Lokhu kwelashwa nge-laser kusetshenziselwa ukuvimba ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engafuneki nebuthakathaka.
4. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy: Uma kukhona ukopha okuningi ngaphakathi kweso, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze kususwe futhi kuhlanzwe ingxenye yeso egcwele igazi efana nejeli.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenzisana nodokotela womndeni wakho (PCP) ukuze akunikeze imithi yokulawula izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol.
Mayelana nekusasa nalokho esingakwenza
Indlela umbono wakho ozobheka ngayo i-RVO incike ezintweni eziningana. Abanye abantu balahlekelwa umbono unomphela, kanti abanye babona umbono wabo uthuthuka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angachaza kangcono isimo sakho.
Into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukuvimbela lesi simo ukulawula izinto eziyingozi.
- Landela ukudla okulungele inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- Vivinya umzimba nsuku zonke.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
Uma unalesi simo, ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi ucindezelekile ngoba kufanele ujove njalo futhi uye emitholampilo. Ungabi namahloni ngakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Uzokunikeza ukwesekwa okudingayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukubona kwelinye lamehlo akhoUma ngokuzumayo ubona umbono ofiphele noma amabala amnyama abonakala sengathi ayantanta, ungakushayi indiva lokho. Bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) ukuvaleka komthambo emehlweni. Kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinye izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu .
- Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuvula kabusha umthambo ovalekile, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu (imijovo, ama-laser) zokulawula umonakalo emehlweni nokugcina umbono .
- Ukunakekela impilo yakho iyonke (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kuzosiza nasekuvikeleni impilo yamehlo akho.
- Ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo ngesikhathi esifanele, lezi zinhlobo zezimo zingatholakala kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa kungaqala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu.
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