Uma uphila ne-Diabetes Mellitus, cishe ucabanga ngokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa ucabanga ngomonakalo isifo sikashukela esingawenza emehlweni akho ayigugu? Abantu abaningi abazi ngalokhu kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpawu. Yingakho, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibi kakhulu esithinta amehlo ngenxa yesifo sikashukela, okungukuthi 'i-Diabetic Retinopathy'.
Kungani isifo sikashukela sithinta amehlo kangaka?
Kalula nje, amehlo ethu agcwele imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu nencane. Yilokhu okuletha amehlo izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo akudingayo. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini isikhathi eside, lo shukela uba njengoshevu bese uqala ukulimaza izindonga zaleyo mithambo yegazi emincane.
Cabanga ngakho njengokugqwala okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi. Kwenzeka into efanayo nakule mithambo yegazi.
- Zingaba zijiyile.
- Zingase zivuze igazi noma uketshezi.
- Kungase kwakheke amahlule egazi.
- Eminye imithambo yegazi ingase ivaleke ngokuphelele.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izindonga zale mithambo yegazi ziyabuthaka bese kwakheka izigaxa ezincane ezifana nebhaluni (ama-microaneurysms). Okuyingozi nakakhulu yilapho uketshezi luqoqana ku-macula, ingxenye ye-retina ebalulekile ekuboneni kwethu, okusisiza ukuba sifunde futhi sibone kahle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-macular edema . Lokhu kungabangela umbono ofiphele.
Uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, iso lizama ukukhulisa imithambo yegazi emisha ngoba ukunikezwa kwegazi esweni kuyaphazamiseka. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-neovascularization . Kodwa-ke, le mithambo yegazi emisha ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ibuthakathaka. Ingaqhuma kalula futhi ibangele ukopha ngaphakathi kweso (ukuvuza kwegazi). Lokhu kungaholela ezicutshini zesilonda kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esingaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kombono. Le mithambo yegazi emisha ingavimba nokugeleza koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso, kwandise ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kubangele i-glaucoma .
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo kusenesikhathi?
Nansi into ebalulekile. Noma ubani onesifo sikashukela, noma ngabe akanazo izimpawu, kufanele nakanjani abonane nodokotela wamehlo kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe amehlo akhe. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe lokhu.
Uma uya kudokotela, nazi izinto ezizokwenzeka:
1. Ukucela imininingwane: Okokuqala, bazokhuluma ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, indlela olawula ngayo isifo sikashukela sakho, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko embonweni wakho.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokubona: Izinga lakho lokubona lizohlolwa ngokukuvumela ukuthi ufunde ishadi lamehlo.
3. Ukubheka ngaphakathi kwamehlo: Okulandelayo,I-retina engaphakathi kweso ihlolwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi i-ophthalmoscope.
4. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Ngezinye izikhathi, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezingabonakali ngokuhlolwa okuvamile. Impundu yakho ingase ivulwe ngamaconsi, kanti ingaphakathi leso lakho lingahlolwa ngedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi isibani esinqunyiwe .
Olunye ukuhlolwa okukhethekile lubizwa ngokuthi i-fluorescein angiography . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idayi ephuzi emthanjeni osesandleni sakho, bese ikhamera ekhethekile ithatha uchungechunge lwezithombe njengoba ihamba emithanjeni yegazi esesweni lakho. Lokhu kungabonisa umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi, njengezindawo lapho igazi livuza khona, ngokusobala.
Kanye nalezi zivivinyo, udokotela uphinde ahlole izimo ezifana ne-cataracts kanye ne-glaucoma, ezivame kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Uma welapha i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho wezokwelapha kanye nodokotela wamehlo kudingeka basebenzisane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udinga ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, udokotela wamehlo welapha amehlo ngqo.
Ukwelashwa nge-laser (i-Laser Photocoagulation)
Lena yindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kwelashwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uqaphele noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa esigabeni sokuqala somonakalo kuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umsebe we-laser omncane kakhulu "ukuvala" imithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso evuza igazi. Lokhu kusiza futhi ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Kuye ngokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani, kungadingeka ukuthi ube nezikhathi eziningana zokwelashwa. Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukubona imiphumela ngemva kokwelashwa.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy
Uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso okungazipheli ngokwako, uma i-retina isihlukanisiwe, noma uma ukwelashwa nge-laser kungenakumisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, udokotela uzoncoma lokhu kuhlinzwa.
Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous) iyasuswa, igazi liyahlanzwa, bese kususwa izicubu zesibazi. Bese, kugcwaliswa uketshezi oluzongena esweni.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ngokuvamile azikwazi ukubuyisela umbono olahlekile. Kodwa-ke, zingavimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo noma zinciphise ijubane. Yilowo umgomo oyinhloko walezi zindlela zokwelapha.
Ingabe lesi simo singagwenywa?
Yebo, kungakwenza nakanjani. Izindlela ezimbili ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbela lokhu yilezi:
1. Lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kahle kakhulu: Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yemithi, i-insulin, ukudla okudlayo, kanye nokuzivocavoca. Hlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo. Uma unenkinga yokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungabi namahloni okukhuluma nodokotela wakho nokucela usizo.
2. Hlola amehlo akho minyaka yonke: Lena yindlela kuphela yokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kufanele bahlolwe amehlo abo zingakapheli iminyaka emi-5 bexilongiwe, kanti abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kufanele bahlolwe amehlo abo ngokushesha ngemva kokuxilongwa. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele bahlolwe amehlo abo minyaka yonke.
Ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele
- Ukukhulelwa: Uma owesifazane onesifo sikashukela ehlela ukukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakhe ngakho. Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, kanye nokukhuluphala: Lokhu kwenza isimo se-Diabetic Retinopathy sibe sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zilawule kahle.
- Ukubhema: Uma ubhema, cela usizo kudokotela wakho ukuze uyeke.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract: Uma uhlela ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kuzoyithinta kanjani i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela.
| Kulezi zimo, nakanjani bheka udokotela. | |
|---|---|
| Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo sikashukela, kodwa ningakakhulumi nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwamehlo kwaminyaka yonke. | Hlela i-aphoyintimenti yokubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. |
| Uma uzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uba mubi kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo (isib. ukufiphala, ukubona amabala amnyama entanta nxazonke). | Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya kudokotela noma egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha okukhulu. |
| Uma unesifo sikashukela futhi uhlela ukukhulelwa. | Qiniseka ukuthi uhlolwa amehlo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. |
| Uma unenkinga yokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. | Ungabi namahloni, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uxoxa ngendlela elula kuwe. |
| Uma umbono wakho usuvele uphansi futhi ufuna ukwazi ngezinketho zokuthuthukisa umbono wakho. | Buza udokotela wakho ngezikhungo kanye nezeluleko ezitholakalayo zokuvuselela ukubona. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sikashukela singalimaza amehlo akho, ngisho noma singabonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema lokhu ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini lakho, umfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol kulawulwa.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela, qiniseka ukuthi uhlolwa amehlo akho ngudokotela wamehlo kanye ngonyaka .
- Uma usheshe ulubona lolu bhubhane bese uqala ukwelashwa, ungavikela umbono wakho oyigugu.
- Uma unokungabaza okuncane noma inkinga ngokubona kwakho, ungalokothi ulibale ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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