Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ake sifunde nge-Retinoscopy.

Wake wahlolwa amehlo? Noma wake wayisa ingane yakho kudokotela wamehlo? Ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa igama elithi 'retinoscopy'. Empeleni lesi isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwamehlo. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini le retinoscopy, ukuthi yenzani, nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani.

Kuyini i-Retinoscopy?

Kalula nje, i-retinoscopy iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okusetshenziswa udokotela wamehlo ukukala ngokunembile ukubona kwakho, noma amaphutha okubona, emehlweni akho. Basebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elibanjwe ngesandla kanye nokukhanya ukwenza lokhu. Lokhu kukhanya kuthunyelwa esweni lakho, lapho kushaya khona i-retina ngemuva kweso lakho, bese kuboniswa emuva.

Nakuba kunezindlela eziningi ezintsha zokuhlola amehlo kulezi zinsuku, le ndlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-retinoscopy isathandwa kakhulu. Ivame ukwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile.

Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni amehlo alabo abangakwazi ukutshela udokotela ngezinkinga zabo. Cabanga nje, ingane encane ingakutshela kanjani ngendlela ebona ngayo?

Futhi:

• Kwabantwana abancane kakhulu (ngisho kusukela ekuzalweni)
• Kulabo abangaluqondi ulimi olukhulunywa udokotela futhi abanezinkinga zolimi
• Kulabo abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlinzeka ngezibuko zamehlo kubantu abanezinkinga zobuchopho ezihlobene nokuguga (isib. i-dementia) .

Enye into ukuthi indlela ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-retinoscopy ingabona nokuthi amehlo akho anenkinga yokugxila ebangeni elihlukile.

Isebenza kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu vivinyo lwe-retinoscopy lusebenza kanjani. Uma ukukhanya kungena esweni lakho, kudlula ku-cornea kanye nelensi engaphakathi kweso, bese kushaya i-retina ngemuva kweso. Bese ukukhanya kuboniswa emuva, njengoba nje ukukhanya kuboniswa esibukweni.

Lokhu kukhanya okukhanyayo kubangela ukuthi inhlamvu yeso lakho ibonakale ibomvu, noma ikhanye. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi 'i-Fundus reflex' noma 'i-Red reflex' . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi uma uthatha isithombe, amehlo akho abukeka ebomvu, yilokho okwenzekayo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kuzolinganisa ubukhali bakho bokubona, okuyikho ukuthi unombono ongakanani ongu-20/20 . Umbono ongu-20/20 yizinga lapho amehlo amabili aphilile angabona khona ngokucacile. Kumuntu onaleli zinga lokubona, imisebe yokukhanya ebonakala ku-retina kufanele ihambisane njengoba iphuma esweni.

Kodwa uma unephutha lokubona izinto ngendlela engabonakali – ukubona eduze, ukubona kude, noma i-astigmatism – le misebe yokukhanya igobile futhi ayiphumi emgqeni oqondile. Yilapho udokotela wamehlo esebenzisa khona i-retinoscopy ukuze abone ukuthi hlobo luni lwelensi oluzokwenza le misebe yokukhanya iphume ihambisana. Lokho kulungiswa yilokho okushiwo udokotela wakho. Uyaqonda?

Yiziphi izimo ezingatholakala nge-retinoscopy?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-retinoscopy kungasiza futhi ekuxilongeni ezinye izimo zamehlo. Isibonelo:

• I-Amblyopia: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "iso elivilaphayo." Yisimo lapho elinye iso lingaboni kahle kunelinye. Uma litholakala kusenesikhathi, lingelashwa.
• I-Presbyopia: Lesi yisimo esithinta abantu abaningi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Yisimo lapho ungakwazi ukubona izinto eziseduze nawe ngokucacile, njengokubuka incwadi noma iphephandaba, noma ukufaka intambo enalitini.
• I-Strabismus: Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cross-eye . Kulapho amehlo ephendukela ezinhlangothini ezahlukene esikhundleni sokukhomba ohlangothini olufanayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela lokhu ngokushesha.

Yini ongayilindela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, awudingi ukwenza noma yini ekhethekile ukuze ulungiselele i-retinoscopy (noma ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele okuhlanganisa nalokhu). Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nezinto ezincane ongazenza. Uma zikhona, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ngazo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma ugqoka amalensi okuxhumana, udokotela wakho uzokutshela nokuthi udinga ukuzikhipha isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa njalo kwe-retinoscopy, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzofaka amaconsi akhethekile emehlweni akho (imithi ye-cycloplegic). Le mithi ivimba amehlo akho ekuzameni ukugxila ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma ikwenza, kuzoba nzima ngodokotela ukunquma ngokunembile inani lezibuko zakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela ezokwenza inqubo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-dynamic retinoscopy , lawa maconsi ngeke asetshenziswe kusengaphambili ngoba ukuhlolwa kuncike endleleni amehlo akho agxila ngayo ngokwemvelo.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uzohlaliswa esihlalweni ekamelweni elimnyama. Udokotela wamehlo uzohlala phambi kwakho. Enye yezinsimbi abazozisebenzisa i-retinoscope . Lena idivayisi ephathwayo ebukeka njengethoshi elinamandla kanye nengilazi yokukhulisa ihlangene. Ingakhanyisa iso lakho futhi ilibuke kahle.

Into elandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu ukufaka amalensi anobukhulu obuhlukene bese ubheka izinguquko ekukhanyeni okubonwa yisithombo seso lakho. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu:

• I-phoropter: Lena idivayisi efana novemvane efanela ubuso bakho enezimbobo ezimbili ukuze ubone. Inamalensi ahlukene, ngakho udokotela angayifaka ngokushesha izibuko ngazinye.
• Amalensi aphathwa ngesandla: Lawa angafika ngesimo "sekhadi lelensi," okusho ukuthi usayizi ngamunye welensi unanyathiselwe ephepheni eliyisicaba. Noma angafika njengamalensi "akhululekile" ngamanye. Nakuba amalensi angashintshwa ngokushesha kusuka ekhadini lelensi, uma usebenzisa amalensi ngamanye, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho ufaka ilensi ngayinye ngayinye.

Uma udokotela ekhanyisa iso lakho ngaleli lensi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-retinoscope, bafuna izinguquko ezithile ku-red reflex ebonakala kumfundi wakho. Lezi zinguquko yilezi:

• Ukunyakaza kwelensi: Udokotela angabona ukuthi ilensi isayizi efanele, incane kakhulu, noma inkulu kakhulu ngokubheka indlela le lensi ehamba ngayo iye phambili naphambili.
• I-engeli yombono: Le engeli yombono yiyo esiza udokotela ukuthi anqume ukuthi une -astigmatism (isimo lapho umbono ufiphele khona ngenxa yokushintsha okuncane esimweni seso).
• Ukubukeka kwelensi: Uma usuthole izibuko ezifanele, indlela le lensi ebukeka ngayo nayo izoshintsha.

Njengoba udokotela ekhanyisa iso lakho nge-lens, bahambisa ukukhanya phezulu naphansi, kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, kanye naphakathi izikhathi eziningana. Bashintsha nama-lens abawasebenzisayo. Lokhu bakwenza izikhathi eziningana, bema phakathi nendawo ukuze balungise ukukhanya ku-retinoscope, noma babhale amanothi.

Kuyini i-Dynamic Retinoscopy?

I-Retinoscopy iyindlela ekhethekile yokuhlola amehlo akho ukuze ubone izinto eziseduze nawe, okuwukuhlola ikhono lawo lokugxila. Leli khono lokugxila eduze libizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala . I-Dynamic Retinoscopy iyindlela udokotela wamehlo angayisebenzisa ukuhlola leli khono.

Uma udokotela wakho esebenzisa i-Dynamic Retinoscopy ukuhlola ikhono lokugxila kweso lakho, ukuhlolwa kufana kakhulu nakuqala, kodwa kungenzeka kungasebenzisi amalensi okukhulisa amehlo. Kunalokho, udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi ubheke izinto ezikude ezahlukene. Ezinye izinto zizoba phakathi kwakho nodokotela, kanti ezinye zizoba ngemuva kukadokotela (kodwa zibonakale ohlangothini lukadokotela noma ngaphezulu kwehlombe lakhe).

Uma ubheka lezi zinto, udokotela ubheka ukukhanya okukumfundi wakho ngokukhanya kwe-retinoscope yakhe. Indlela ukukhanya okunyakaza ngayo yindlela udokotela anquma ngayo ukuthi ikhono lamehlo akho lokugxila (ukwamukela) lisebenza kahle yini.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Uma udokotela wakho esebenzisa amaconsi amehlo (imithi ye-cycloplegic) ukuze avule amehlo akho noma avimbele amehlo akho ukuthi angagxili, amehlo akho azohlala evulekile isikhashana ngemva kokuhlolwa. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze le mithi iphele siyahlukahluka. Ngokuvamile kungathatha amahora ambalwa. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi lokhu kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani.

Ukubona kwakho kungase kube kufiphele kancane ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ungase uzizwe uzwela ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho angakunika izibuko zelanga zesikhashana (`izithunzi zelanga`) ongazigqoka. Ngoba amaconsi amehlo avimbela ama-irises akho ukuthi anciphe ekukhanyeni okukhulu futhi anciphise inani lokukhanya okungena emehlweni akho.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi zalolu vivinyo?

Eqinisweni, azikho izingozi ezinkulu noma imiphumela emibi ye-retinoscopy. Imithi ye-cycloplegic okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane, kodwa imvamisa incane (isb., ukubomvu okuncane kwamehlo, ukulunywa). Abanye abantu abanokuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo (okubizwa ngokuthi i-photophobia ) bangathola ezinye izingxenye zenqubo ye-retinoscopy zinzima kancane. Uma unomuzwa onjalo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho wamehlo ngakho ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nemiphumela emibi yamaconsi amehlo.

Uthola kanjani imiphumela?

Ngemva kokuba udokotela wamehlo eqede i-retinoscopy, uzobala umuthi wakho (noma wothandekayo wakho uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa) wezibuko zakho, noma umuthi wokubona. Lo muthi ufana ncamashi nomuthi owuthola ekuhlolweni kokubona. Udokotela wakho uzochaza konke mayelana nalo muthi nokuthi uzokwenzelani.

Kuthiwani uma imiphumela ingakhombisi ukubona okuvamile (20/20)?

Uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho aninawo umbono ojwayelekile "(20/20)", ungakhathazeki. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokhuluma nawe ngezindlela zokulungisa umbono wakho.

Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa:

• Izibuko zamehlo
• Amalensi okuxhumana

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa umbono njenge -'LASIK' ngokuthola iseluleko sikadokotela.

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Imithi kadokotela enhle ifana nesudi eyenzelwe ukukala futhi ikufanele kahle. Udokotela wamehlo osebenzisa i-retinoscopy ufana nomthungi onekhono, othunga ngesandla yonke ithungo ukuze avumelane kahle.

Nakuba le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-retinoscopy, ineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 ubudala, iseyindlela evamile kakhulu esetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwamehlo okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwakho noma kothandekayo wakho, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uchwepheshe wakho wokunakekelwa kwamehlo uzosebenzisa i-retinoscopy ukukunikeza umuthi ofanele izidingo zakho.

Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukwesabe noma ukusola ngalokhu. Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamehlo akho.

Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uyohlolwa amehlo bese ubuza nge-retinoscopy, usuyazi ukuthi ibaluleke futhi iwusizo kangakanani!

I- retinoscopy, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, umbono, amaphutha okubuyisa ukukhanya, udokotela wamehlo, i-retina, izibuko zamehlo