Wake wahlolwa amehlo udokotela wabheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho esebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile wathi, "Ngibona indawo encane ngaphakathi kweso lami"? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa lokho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Lawa mabala, noma 'ama-Roth Spots', ayizimpawu esivame ukuzibona ngaphandle, kodwa angaba ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nempilo yethu. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangendlela enesizotha namuhla.
Ayini ngempela amaRoth Spots?
Kalula nje, amabala e-Roth ayizinhlayiya ezincane zokuphuma kwegazi ezenzeka kulwelwesi oluzwelayo ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu olubizwa ngokuthi i-retina. Cabanga ngamehlo ethu njengekhamera. Odongeni olungemuva lwaleyo khamera kukhona lolu lwelwesi olubizwa ngokuthi i-retina. Yilapho izithombe zezinto esizibonayo ziqoshwa khona.
Kukhona inethiwekhi encane kakhulu yemithambo yegazi esakazeke kulo lonke i-retina njengewebhu lesicabucabu. Uma ngesizathu esithile kuvuza ithonsi elincane legazi komunye wale mithambo yegazi, yilokho udokotela akubona njenge-Roth spot.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, awukwazi ukubona la mabala uma uzibuka esibukweni . Futhi akekho omunye ongawabona uma ebuka amehlo akho nje. Ukuze uwabone, udinga ithuluzi elikhethekile, njengesibani esinqunyiwe noma i-ophthalmoscopy, esetshenziswa udokotela wamehlo.
Ngokuvamile, la mabala awathinti umbono wakho. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, uma la mabala evelela maphakathi ne-retina, ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula, esisiza sibone ngqo phambili, ungase ubone ushintsho oluncane embonweni wakho.
Zibukeka kanjani lezi zindawo?
Uma udokotela ebheka kuleyo divayisi, i-retina enempilo ivame ukubonakala njengombala ophuzi ophuzi. Ibala likaRoth ligqama kulesi sizinda ngombala omnyama. Libala elibomvu elimnyama, elinombala ophuzi. Kukhona ichashazi elincane elimhlophe phakathi nendawo.
Isayensi ngemuva kwalokhu ilula kakhulu. Ingxenye emnyama yigazi eliphume emthanjeni. Ichashazi elimhlophe eliphakathi liwuphawu lokuthi indawo yokopha ivaliwe futhi isiqala ukuphola ngenxa yenqubo yemvelo yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni wethu (i-hemostasis). Kufana nokufaka iplasta enxebeni elincane, okuyilokho umzimba okwenzayo ngaphakathi.
Kungani lawa ma-Roth Spots esenzeka?
Esikhathini esidlule, ngawo-1800, ososayensi baqale bacabanga ukuthi amabala e-Roth abangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Infective Endocarditis." Lokhu ukutheleleka okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ama-valve enhliziyo. Lokhu kutheleleka kungabangelwa izinto ezifana namagciwane namagciwane.
Cabanga ngamahlule egazi amancane athelelekile akheka ngenxa yalesi sifo enhliziyweni ahamba emzimbeni wonke negazi. Njengoba ehamba, leli hlule legazi lingabhajwa emthanjeni wegazi omncane kakhulu ngaphakathi kweso. Bese lowo mthambo wegazi uyaqhuma, uphume igazi, bese kwakheka ibala likaRoth.
Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha luthole ukuthi i-'Infective Endocarditis' akuyona yodwa imbangela yamabala e-Roth. Eqinisweni, ibangela iphesenti elincane kuphela lamacala, cishe u-5%. Amabala e-Roth angaba uphawu lwezimo eziningi zezokwelapha.
Ake sibheke ezinye zalezo zizathu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isigaba sezimbangela ezingaba khona | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga zegazi | I-Anemia, i-Thrombocytopenia |
| Umdlavuza | Izimo ezifana ne-Leukemia kanye ne-Multiple Myeloma |
| Izifo ezizenzakalelayo | Izifo ezifana ne-Lupus (SLE), isifo sikaBehçet |
| Izifo zenhliziyo kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi | Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) |
| Izifo | I-HIV, i-Toxoplasmosis, i-Leishmaniasis, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamagciwane ezimpandeni zamazinyo |
| Izimo ze-Metabolic | Isifo Sikashukela (Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2) |
| Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa | Izimo ezifana ne-Preeclampsia ne-Eclampsia |
| Ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini (i-Anoxia) | Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide, obusezindaweni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-12,000) |
| Ukulimala | Ukulimala ekhanda (Ukubhajwa kwekhanda, Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu - Ama-TBI), ukulimala kwamehlo, i-Shaken baby syndrome |
Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?
Into ebalulekile lapha ukuthi ayikho indlela yokwelapha amabala e-Roth ngqo ngoba akusona isifo, kodwa kuwuphawu lwesifo kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa akusikho okwe-Roth spot uqobo, kodwa kwesimo esiyisisekelo esibangele lokho . Isibonelo, uma i-pale ibangelwa isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, udokotela uzophatha isifo sikashukela ukuze asilawule. Uma sibangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, sizokwelashwa. Uma sibangelwa ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic aleso sifo.
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalokhu. Uma imbangela eyisisekelo iselashwa kahle, la mabala azonyamalala kancane kancane.
Kwenzekani uma ingelashwa?
Amabala e-Roth afana nesibonakaliso sesixwayiso. Nakuba indawo ngokwayo ingase ingabangeli umonakalo omkhulu, isimo esiyisisekelo esibangela lokhu singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sibe yingozi .
Cabanga nje, uma udokotela wakho wamehlo ebona indawo efana nale, uzokudlulisela kumhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko. Ngemuva kwalokho, lowo dokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo (njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuskena) ukuthola ukuthi iyini imbangela yangempela yalezi zindawo. Uma imbangela isitholakele, uzoqala ukwelashwa yena noma akuthumele kuchwepheshe ofanele (isib., udokotela wenhliziyo, udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza).
Ngakho-ke, uma ubona indawo, ungayinaki. Kungumyalezo obalulekile umzimba wakho okunikeza wona. Uma ulalela lowo myalezo futhi wenza lokho okushiwo udokotela wakho, ungakuxazulula ngaphambi kokuba kube inkinga enkulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amabala e-Roth awuhlobo lwebala elivela ngaphakathi kweso. Akusona isifo, kodwa uphawu lwesinye isifo.
- Awukwazi ukubona noma ukuzizwa lezi zinto ngesibuko. Udokotela kuphela osebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ongazibona.
- Uma ubona la mabala, kusho ukuthi kungase kube nenkinga yempilo kwenye indawo emzimbeni (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukutheleleka, umdlavuza).
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, bona udokotela wakho , uthole imbangela eqondile yalezi zindawo, bese uzelapha.
- Uma isimo esiyisisekelo seselashwe, amabala e-Roth avame ukuphela ngokwawo.
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