Ingabe ingane yakho iyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezifanayo? Ake sifunde nge-(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)!

Cishe uke wabona izingane ezincane, mhlawumbe ingane yakho, zishaya izandla zazo, zinikina amakhanda azo, noma zinyakazisa imizimba yazo ngendlela efanayo. Ingabe lezi zinto nje zokudlala, noma ziyisibonakaliso sento okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zinyathelo eziphindaphindayo, ikakhulukazi isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD) . Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini `(Isifo Sokunyakaza Okungajwayelekile)`?

Kalula nje, i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder yisimo lapho ingane yenza khona ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kwenhloso ecacile . Cabanga ngokushaya ikhanda, ukuthuthumela umzimba, njll. Lokhu kunyakaza kungaphazamisa imisebenzi evamile yengane futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi emzimbeni.

Ngokweziqondiso ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga lesi simo, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), lezi zinyathelo zibizwa ngokuthi "i-SMD" uma zingenakuchazeka ngesinye isimo sezokwelapha noma umuthi.

Lesi simo sivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 , futhi ngezinye izikhathi singaqhubeka size sibe abantu abadala.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi `(Motor Stereotypies)`? Ingabe lokhu kuhlukile ku-`(SMD)`?

Yebo, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ngaphambi kokuba sifike ku-`(SMD)`, ake siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi `(Motor Stereotypies)`. `(Motor Stereotypies)` kubhekisela kulezo zinyathelo, okungukuthi, izimpawu. `(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)` kubhekisela kuleso simo, okungukuthi, isifo.

Odokotela bahlukanisa "ama-Motor Stereotypies" abe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Izinhlobo Ezilula Zokunyakaza: Lokhu kuvame kakhulu. Kungabonakala ezinganeni ezincane kanye nakubantu abadala. Isibonelo, ukuncela izithupha, ukuthinta imilenze, ukusonta izinwele, kanye nokuluma izinzipho. Lokhu kunyakaza okulula ngokuvamile akuphazamisi imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma kubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Lezi akuzona nje izinto esizenzayo lapho sisebancane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nalapho sikhula.

• Izinhlobo Eziyinkimbinkimbi Zezinzwa Zomzimba: Lezi yizinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziphindaphindayo. Isibonelo, ukubhaxabula izandla, ukunyakazisa umzimba, kanye nokunyakaza komlomo nobuso okuphindaphindiwe. Lezi zinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ukuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 , ngezinye izikhathi ziqhubeke kuze kube sebusheni, futhi zingaqhubeka kuze kube sebudaleni. Zingaphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi zingalimaza ngokomzimba. Lezi zinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinzwa zomzimba zivame ukubonakala ku-SMD.

Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-"Motor Stereotypies" zihlukaniswe kabili zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• Izimo Eziyinhloko Zokunyakaza: Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esiyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwesinye isifo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa.

• Izinhlobo Zesibili Zezimoto:Lokhu kungenzeka njengengxenye yesinye isimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ingane enesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" noma "Delay Developmental" ingaba nalezi zinguquko.

Kalula nje, uma ingane ene-`(ASD)` yenza lolu hlobo lokunyakaza, odokotela bakubheka njengengxenye ye-`(ASD)` uqobo. Abanye bakubiza nangokuthi `(stimming)`. Ukuze ibizwe ngokuthi `(SMD)`, akunakuba khona esinye isizathu esicacile (esinye isimo sezokwelapha) salokhu kunyakaza.

Ivame kangakanani i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder?

Abacwaningi abaqiniseki ukuthi i-SMD ivame kangakanani, kodwa ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengesimo esingavamile . Kodwa-ke, kukhona idatha ethile mayelana ne-Motor Stereotypies.

Ama-Complex Motor Stereotypies awavamile. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi athinta phakathi kuka-3% no-4% wezingane. Kodwa-ke, leli nani liphezulu ezinganeni ezinezimo ezithile zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, u-61% wezingane ezinokukhubazeka kokukhula kanye no-88% wezingane ezine-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) bangase babe nalezi zinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani kwemisipha okulula kuvamile kakhulu. Kungathinta phakathi kuka-20% no-70% wezingane ezikhula ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi aziyesabisi njengoba ungase ucabange.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Ingane ene-SMD ingase ibe nombono ohlukile ngemisipha ephazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke noma ebangela ukulimala ngokomzimba. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Ukubhaxabula isandla
• Ukunyakazisa umzimba
• Ukushaya ikhanda
• Ukunyakaza komunwe noma kwesandla okuqhubekayo
• Ukwenza uhlobo olufanayo lokunyakaza komlomo nobuso (ukunyakaza kwe-orofacial)
• Ukuzishaya, ukuzigxeka, ukuziluma.
• Ukulunywa kakhulu kwezinzipho

Lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zivame kakhulu ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi:

• Uma ukucindezeleka kukhula
• Uma kufika ukukhathazeka
• Uma ujabule kakhulu (injabulo)
• Uma ugxile kakhulu kokuthile (ukugxila okugxile)
• Uma uzizwa unesithukuthezi `(isithukuthezi)`

Nokho, uma ukunaka kuphambukisiwe, lezi zindlela zokuziphatha zivame ukuncipha noma zinyamalale.

Izingane ezine-SMD zivame ukuthi zizizwa zijabule futhi "zilungile" uma zenza lokhu kunyakaza. Lokhu kuhlukile esimweni esifana ne-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Ku-OCD, lokhu kunyakaza kwenzelwa ukuzithiba emicabangweni ephazamisayo. Kodwa-ke, uma uzama ukuvimba ingane ene-SMD ekwenzeni lokhu kunyakaza, ingase ithukuthele, ikhungatheke, noma ikhungatheke .

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Abacwaningi abakayitholi imbangela eqondile ye-Stereotypic Movement Disorder. Lokhu kunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe akuhlobene nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo sezinzwa noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.

Kodwa ngokuvamile, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi lawa "Motor Stereotypies" angabangelwa ushintsho ekulinganisweni kwamakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni, esiwabiza ngokuthi "ama-neurotransmitters", isibonelo "i-dopamine", "i-acetylcholine" kanye "ne-GABA" .

Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo ne-`(Motor Stereotypies)` eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane enalezi zinguquko cishe izoba nelungu lomndeni eliseduze (umfowabo, udadewabo, noma umzali) elinalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, akukho gene ethile etholakele okwamanje.

Ungayithola kanjani i-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Ukuze udokotela axilonge ingane yakho nge-Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD), zonke lezi zimo kumele zihlangatshezwe :

• Lokhu kunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kuthathe okungenani amasonto amane .
• Lokhu kunyakaza kumele kuphazamise ukuxhumana komntwana nabantu, umsebenzi wesikole, kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke, noma ingane kumele izilimaze.
• Akunakuba khona esinye isizathu sezokwelapha salokhu kunyakaza.

Okokuqala, udokotela wengane yakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze ngomlando wezokwelapha wengane yakho. Bazobuza nangezimpawu zengane yakho, isibonelo:

• Lo mnyakazo waqala nini?
• Zivame kangakanani lezi zinto?
• Ingabe lokhu kwanda ngenxa yezimo noma izindawo ezithile?
• Lokhu kuthinta kanjani imisebenzi yansuku zonke yengane?

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqeda ezinye izimo ezivamile ezingabangela lezi zinkinga zokunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Lokhu kungadinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene nokuhlolwa.

Udokotela wengane yakho angase futhi ancome ezinye izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini imbangela yangempela yalokhu kunyakaza.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Esikhathini esiningi, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile okudingekayo nge-Stereotypic Movement Disorder. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho idinga usizo lokunciphisa lokhu kunyakaza, noma uma izilimaza ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okubizwa ngokuthi i-Habit Reversal Training (HRT) kungaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqina kokunyakaza kanye nokuvama okwenzeka ngakho.

Ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi `(HRT)`, ingane iqeqeshwa ukuqaphela izimpawu lapho lezi zinyathelo sezizoqala futhi yenze ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha esikhundleni salokho. Ingane ifunda ukulawula ukuziphatha kwayo isebenzisa lawa masu. Ekilasini nasekhaya, uthisha wengane kanye nawe ungayeka lezi zindlela zokuziphatha futhi uphazamise ingane ngokushesha nje lapho uzibona.

Uma ingane yakho izilimaza (isibonelo, ukuzishaya ikhanda noma ukuzishaya) ngenxa yalezi "Motor Stereotypies", kungadingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukuze ziyivikele. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuyigqokisa "isigqoko" noma ukugqoka amagilavu ​​​​ukuze unciphise ukugwazwa. Ungacela udokotela wengane yakho noma "uMchwepheshe Wezokwelapha Emsebenzini" ukuze uthole iseluleko ngezindlela ezithile ezifanele ukuziphatha kwengane yakho.

Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi imithi ethile ingasiza ekulawuleni ukungezwani kwemisipha okuyinkimbinkimbi ezinganeni ezine-autism nezinye izifo ze-neurodevelopmental. Kodwa-ke, azikho izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi le mithi iyasiza nge-Stereotypic Movement Disorder.

Uma ingane yami ine-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ukuziphatha kwe-`(SMD)` kungaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ingane ikhula futhi isikhulile. Khumbula, uma nje ingane ingazilimazi, lokhu kuziphatha akulona ingozi. Kungenzeka ukuthi lena yindlela yayo yokusebenzelana nomhlaba. Yebo, kungase kuhluke kwabanye. Kodwa akulona 'iphutha'.

Uma ingane yakho idinga usizo ngalezi zinyathelo, bona udokotela wayo noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha osebenza. Ukunikeza ingane yakho ithuba lokuvota ezinqumweni mayelana nokunakekelwa kwayo kungayisiza ukuthi izizwe ilawula imizimba yayo futhi kungaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yayo yengqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wengane yami?

Uma ingane yakho ine-Stereotypic Movement Disorder, kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela imibuzo efana nale:

• "Kungani, Dokotela/Nksz, ingane yami inale `(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?"
• "Singazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami inalesi sifo hhayi esinye?"
• "Ingabe kukhona ezinye izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele?"
• "Ngingamsiza kanjani ingane yami ene-Stereotypic Movement Disorder?"
• "Ochwepheshe abanjani abangasiza ingane yami?"

Ingabe i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder ingavinjelwa?

Njengoba imbangela eqondile ye-Stereotypic Movement Disorder ingaziwa, ayinakuvinjelwa.

Njengomzali, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma ubona ngisho noshintsho oluncane ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho. I-'SMD' empeleni iyindlela nje yokuhlukanisa ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, okungenanjongo kanje. Ingane yakho ingase idinge usizo noma ingaludingi ngalokhu. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukusekela ingane yakho. Ungathola futhi usizo kudokotela wengane yakho. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo nokwabelana ngemicabango yakho. Bakhona ukukusiza.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD) yisimo lapho kuba khona ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe okwenziwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kwenhloso ecacile.
• Akuzona zonke lezi zinyathelo ezingathi sína. "Izinkolelo-mbono zemoto" ezilula kakhulu zivamile.
• Uma lezi zinyathelo ziphazamisa impilo yengane yansuku zonke, uma zizilimaza zona, noma uma ingane ihlushwa yilokhu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Izindlela zokwelapha zokuziphatha ezifana ne-"Habit Reversal Training (HRT)" zingasiza ekulawuleni lesi simo.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ingane, ukuyinika uthando nokusekela, nokwamukela lezi zinyathelo njengengxenye yayo.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane.

Isifo Sokunyakaza Okufanayo, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe, ukungalingani kwemisipha, i-autism, i-ASD, izinkinga zokuziphatha, impilo yengqondo yengane, ukuzilimaza