Wake wambona othile emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe ugogo wakho, umkhulu wakho, umama, noma ubaba, ngokuzumayo engakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukusho amazwi akhe? Noma wake wambona enenkinga yokuqonda lokho okushoyo? Wake wambona ehluleka ukuchaza lokho akucabangayo ngamazwi? Imbangela yalesi simo ingaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-aphasia . Abantu abaningi abakuqapheli lokhu. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangokucacile namuhla.
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Kalula nje, iyini i-aphasia?
I-Aphasia yisimo esithinta ukuxhumana, noma ikhono lokuxhumana. Kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa amagama, ukukhuluma, ukubhala, nokuqonda okushiwo abanye. Kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka umonakalo ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ulimi. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi . Le ngozi iyanda, ikakhulukazi njengoba sikhula.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-aphasia ayikona ukulahlekelwa ubuhlakani. Okusho ukuthi, umuntu onalesi simo akalahlekelwa ikhono lakhe lokucabanga noma lokuqonda. Inkinga kuphela abanayo ukuthi abakwazi ukuveza imicabango yabo ngamazwi futhi banenkinga yokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
Ubukhali be-aphasia bungahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase bathinteke kancane, kanti abanye bangase bathinteke kakhulu.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Kunzima ukuthola amagama afanele. Ingxoxo iyaphela phakathi. |
| Ayikwazi ukuthola igama eliqondile | Ngisho noma leli gama lisenhliziyweni yakho, aliphumi emlonyeni wakho. Ubambeka ekusho izinto ezinjengokuthi, 'Yini... yini leyo...' |
| Ukusebenzisa amagama angafanele noma angafanele | Esikhundleni sokuthi “indebe,” igama elingafaneleki nhlobo njengelithi “ikamu” lingafundwa. |
| Ubunzima bokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo | Kunzima ukuqonda okushiwoyo, ikakhulukazi endaweni enabantu abaningi, lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokushesha. |
| Ubunzima bokubhala | Izinto ezifana nokubhala imisho engenamsebenzi nokushintsha izinhlamvu zingenzeka. |
| Ukukhuluma ngemisho emifushane | Esikhundleni semisho emide, indaba iphetha ngamagama amabili noma amathathu. |
Umehluko phakathi kwe-aphasia emnene nenzima
Umuntu one- aphasia encane angakhuluma ngendlela evamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi angaba nobunzima bokuthola amagama afanele. Ku- aphasia enzima , ukuxhumana kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Bangase basho igama elilodwa noma amabili kuphela, noma bangase bangahlanganyeli nhlobo engxoxweni.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-aphasia?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-aphasia. Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu ezihlukile kancane. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- I-Aphasia Ekhuluma Kahle: Laba bantu bangakhuluma ngemisho eqondile nemide. Kodwa leyo misho ingase ingabi nangqondo. Ingase izwakale sengathi ihlanganisa amagama angahlobene.
- I-Aphasia Engakhulumi Kahle : Yilapho inkulumo iphela khona phakathi. Kudinga umzamo omkhulu ukukhipha amagama. Imisho imfushane, ayilungile ngokohlelo lolimi, kodwa isikhathi esiningi, awukwazi ukuqonda kahle okushiwoyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ezithile:
1. I-Expressive aphasia (i-Broca's aphasia): Uyazi kahle ukuthi ufuna ukusho ini, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukukusho ngomlomo noma ukukubhala phansi.
2. I-aphasia yokwamukela ( i-aphasia kaWernicke ): Uma uzwa okushiwo abanye abantu, awukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi basho ukuthini. Lokho abakushoyo kungase futhi kube yinto edidayo, ngoba awuqondi ukuthi bathini.
3.I-aphasia yomhlaba wonke: Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-aphasia. Lesi simo singabonakala ngokushesha ngemva kokukhubazeka. Ikhono lokukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukufunda nokubhala liyanyamalala ngokuzumayo.
4. I-aphasia eqhubekayo eyinhloko: Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhono lokukhuluma, ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuqonda liyanyamalala kancane kancane. Lolu uhlobo lwe-dementia.
Kungani umuntu eba ne-aphasia?
Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu ye-aphasia yi -stroke . I-stroke ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho okubangelwa ukuvaleka noma ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi ohlinzeka ngobuchopho. I-Aphasia yenzeka lapho izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ulimi zonakala ngale ndlela.
Ngaphezu kokukhubazeka, kungase kube nezinye izimbangela:
- Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda
- Isimila Sobuchopho
- Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho
- Izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne-dementia
Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-aphasia zingabonakala okwesikhashana nasezimweni ezifana ne-migraines noma i-TIA (ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okungapheli) , okuwukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Udokotela wakho uvame ukuxilonga i-aphasia uma welashwa ngesimo esifana nokukhubazeka. Angase akubuze imibuzo elula, akucele ukuthi wenze izinto ezithile, noma akucele ukuthi usho izinto ezithombeni. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi une-aphasia nokuthi inzima kangakanani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umonakalo wobuchopho ungaphi futhi ungakanani:
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan)
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-Positron Emission Tomography)
Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela ku -Speech-Language Pathologist . Bangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha. Bazohlola amakhono akho olimi ngokuningiliziwe.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, imbangela yokulimala kobuchopho, kanye nohlobo lwe-aphasia.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwelashwa ngenkulumo nolimi . Uma uqala lokhu ngokushesha, imiphumela iba mihle. Umelaphi uzokusiza ukhumbule amagama, wakhe imisho, futhi ukhulume. Bazokufundisa nendlela yokuziveza ngezithombe nezimpawu lapho ungakwazi ukukhuluma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kweqembu namalungu omndeniKuyimpumuzo enkulu. Kukwenza uzizwe sengathi awuwedwa, futhi kukunika nethuba lokukhuluma nabanye nokuzijwayeza.
Khumbula lezi zinto uma ukhuluma nomuntu one-aphasia:
Uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, kunezindlela eziningi ongamsiza ngazo.
- Naka ngaphambi kokukhuluma: Shaya igama bese ulinda ukuthi akubuke.
- Khuluma endaweni ethule: vala umsakazo ne-TV, bese udala indawo ezolile.
- Sebenzisa amagama alula nemisho emifushane: Kodwa ungakhulumi sengathi ukhuluma nengane. Khuluma ngenhlonipho.
- Khuluma kancane: Mnike isikhathi sokuqonda.
- Mnike isikhathi: Mnike isikhathi sokuthola amagama nempendulo. Ungamjahi.
- Ungazami ukuqeda imisho yakhe: myeke azame yena.
- Buza imibuzo engaphendulwa ngokuthi “yebo” noma “cha.”
- Sebenzisa izimpawu, izithombe, nokubhala: Uma amagama enganele, bonisa ngezandla zakho, ubhale, noma udwebe isithombe.
- Ungamemezi kakhulu: bayakuzwa. Inkinga ukuqonda.
Kunini lapho udinga khona iseluleko sezokwelapha esiphuthumayo?
I-Aphasia ivame ukuba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi, njengokukhubazeka. Ngakho-ke, uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe noma kothile omaziyo, myise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha .
- Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuzumayo
- Ukungakwazi ukuqonda okushiwoyo
- Ukungakwazi ukukhumbula amagama
- Ukungakwazi ukufunda noma ukubhala
Lezi kungaba yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso zesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke ungalibali umzuzwana. Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kunganciphisa ukulimala kobuchopho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Aphasia akuyona inkinga ethinta ukuhlakanipha komuntu noma ikhono lakhe lokucabanga. Iyinkinga ethinta ukuxhumana kuphela.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi isifo sohlangothi silimaza izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ulimi.
- Uma ngokuzumayo uba nobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda, kufanele ukubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha bese uya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kanye nolimi kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba ngcono.
- Ukubekezela, uthando, kanye nokusekelwa komndeni nabathandekayo kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu one-aphasia.
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