Ingabe nawe unombono omangalisayo wombala? Ake sifunde ngaleli khono elingavamile (i-Tetrachromacy)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi abanye abantu bangabona imibala eminingi kunathi? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngekhono elikhethekile kakhulu, elingajwayelekile, kodwa elimangalisayo ngempela. Lokhu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi `(Tetrachromacy)` kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Kalula nje, okwenzekayo ukuthi abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa nokubona izigidi zemibala eminingi ngendlela ecashile kuneminye. Akumangalisi yini? Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.

Kuyini i-Tetrachromacy?

Kalula nje, `(Tetrachromacy)` iyikhono elingavamile kakhulu. Abantu abanaleli khono banezinhlobo ezine zamaseli emehlweni abo ezikwazi ukubona imibala. Iningi lethu linalezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli. Sibiza la maseli ngokuthi `(amakhoni)` . Atholakala ku-`(retina)` ngemuva kwamehlo ethu. La makhoni yiwo athola ukukhanya futhi athumele ulwazi mayelana nemibala ebuchosheni.

Ake ucabange nje, umuntu onezinhlobo ezintathu zamakhoni angahlukanisa futhi aqaphele imibala eyizigidi eziningana. Kuthiwani ngomuntu onalolu hlobo lwesine lwekhoni? Bangahlukanisa futhi baqaphele amakhulu ezigidi zemibala ! Lokho kusho ukuthi mhlawumbe babona umhlaba onemibala eminingi futhi ogqamile kunalowo esiwubonayo.

Kodwa kunenkinga encane. Ochwepheshe abakayitholi indlela yokuhlola ethembekile yokunquma ukuthi lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Tetrachromacy", sikhona. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi sivame kangakanani noma singavamile kangakanani. Uma usesha i-inthanethi, ungase ubone into efana nokuthi "i-Tetrachromacy Test." Kodwa, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, ayikho indlela yokuxilonga lokhu ngokunembile ku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukungabeki ukholo olukhulu kulezo zivivinyo.

Isebenza kanjani i-tetrachromacy?

Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi abantu abane-"Tetrachromacy" banohlobo olwengeziwe lwekhoni. Le khoni eyengeziwe yiyo ebavumela ukuthi babone imibala eminingi. Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezintathu zamakhoni ezivame ukutholakala emehlweni ethu:

• Obomvu (ikhoni L): Obomvu bunobude obude be-wavelength. Yingakho bubizwa ngokuthi ikhoni L.
• Okuluhlaza (i-M cone): Lokhu kuphakathi kwe-spectrum ebonakalayo, enobude obuphakathi. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-M cone.
• Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ama-S cone): Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunobude obufushane be-wavelength. Ngakho-ke, lawa ama-S cone.

Abantu abane-``Tetrachromacy`` bavame ukuba nalolu hlobo lwesine lwekhoni oluzwela kakhulu imibala eseduze ne-orenji. Lolu hlobo lwesine lwekhoni lubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Okusho ukuthi, ushintsho kuma-gene.

Ngakho-ke, le khoni yesine yenza kanjani ukuthi umbono wombala ube mfushane kangaka?

Cabanga ngale ndlela. Lolu hlobo lwesine lwekhoni lufana nolwazi lombala oluqoqwe ngamanye amakhoni, kodwa alufani ncamashi.Kunezela ulwazi. Bese ubuchopho bakho bucubungula lonke lolu lwazi oluhlukile lombala, bukhulisa ukuzwela kwakho kombala nakakhulu. Yingakho abantu abane-"Tetrachromacy" bebona imibala ephindwe kangamakhulu ezinkulungwane.

Kungani abanye abantu bethuthukisa le khoni yesine?

Isizathu salokhu sisezakhini zethu zofuzo. Ngokukhethekile, i-gene elawula i-L cone, ethola ubomvu, itholakala ku-X chromosome .

Manje bheka, uma ungowesilisa, une-chromosome eyodwa engu-X. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukuguquka kulokho, wonke ama-L cones akho azoshintshwa, futhi ungaba nohlobo lokungafani kombala.

Kodwa-ke, abesifazane banamakhophi amabili e-chromosome X. Ngakho-ke, uma ikhophi eyodwa ine-gene eguquliwe, ingaba nama-L cones ajwayelekile kanye nama-L cones aguquliwe. Cishe u-12% wabesifazane banalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abane-`(Tetrachromacy)` yangempela. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kumele kuhlangatshezwane nezinye izinto ezimbili:

1. Ikhoni yesine kumele ibe nokuzwela okuhlukile kwemvamisa. Okusho ukuthi, kumele ibe nokuzwela imibala ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye izikhoni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubuchopho ngeke bukwazi ukwandisa ukuzwela kombala ngolwazi olutholwe kukhoni eyengeziwe.

2. Ubuchopho bakho budinga ukuba neziteshi ezine zemibala ukuze bucubungule ulwazi lombala. Ngokuvamile, ubuchopho bomuntu buneziteshi ezintathu zemibala kuphela. Ngisho noma unezinhlobo ezine zamakhoni, uma uneziteshi ezintathu zemibala kuphela, ngeke ukwazi ukusizakala ngalolo lwazi olwengeziwe lombala.

Cabanga ukuthi unezinhlobo ezine zamakhoni neziteshi ezintathu zemibala. Ngisho nalapho, ungaba nohlobo "olubuthakathaka" lwe-tetrachromacy. Abantu abanjalo bavame ukwenza kangcono ekuhlolweni kokubona imibala kunabantu abavamile. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi la mazinga abuthakathaka/aqinile e-tetrachromacy akhona ngempela nokuthi asebenza kanjani.

Okubalulekile: Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi `(Tetrachromacy)` akukhona nje ukuba ne-cone eyengeziwe, kodwa futhi mayelana nesakhiwo sobuchopho.

Ihlolwa kanjani i-tetrachromacy yangempela?

Elinye lamathuluzi ayinhloko abacwaningi abalisebenzisayo ukuthola ukuthi une-tetrachromacy yini ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA . Abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezilawula indlela ama-cones asemehlweni ethu asebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke bayazi ukuthi izinguquko zingaba kuphi kanye nezinye zezinguquko ezithile okungenzeka ukuthi ziyibangele.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuphela akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-Tetrachromacy. Kudinga ihadiwe ekhethekile kakhulu nebizayo. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kudingeka kwenziwe endaweni lapho izimo zokukhanya zingathinti khona imiphumela. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezikhungweni zocwaningo nasezibhedlela ezixhumene namanyuvesi.

Awukwazi yini ukuthatha isivivinyo online?

Cha. Akukho ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni okuku-inthanethi okungabona `(i-Tetrachromacy)`.Lokhu akukwazi ukufezwa kusetshenziswa amakhompyutha amaningi namadivayisi obuchwepheshe. Kalula nje, izikrini zamadivayisi amaningi azikwazi ukukhombisa imibala ngendlela ebonakalayo kuphela kulabo abane-"Tetrachromacy".

Njengazo zonke izinto esizisebenzisayo (ama-desktop, ama-laptop, amaphilisi, ama-smartphone), izikrini zineziteshi ezintathu zemibala: obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (njengama-cone emehlweni ethu). Lezi ziteshi yizona ezivame kakhulu, ngoba amehlo abantu abaningi asebenza kahle ngaleyo ndlela. Kodwa-ke, izikrini zanamuhla azilungile ekuboniseni isiteshi sesine sombala, ngakho azilungile ekuboniseni i-tetrachromacy.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwela kombala ku-inthanethi nakho akuthembekile. Ngoba ukuze kube okunembile, imonitha/isikrini osisebenzisayo kumele silinganiswe kahle kakhulu. Umbala wegumbi okulo nawo ungawuthinta.

Abantu abane-tetrachromacy bayibona kanjani?

Abantu abane-Tetrachromacy "ebuthakathaka" banokubona imibala okungcono kunabantu abavamile. Kodwa-ke, abantu abane-Tetrachromacy "eqinile" (ebizwa kahle ngokuthi "i-Tetrachromacy") banezinga elingavamile lokuzwela imibala . Okungenani, babona imibala ephindwe kangamakhulu ezinkulungwane kunomuntu ojwayelekile.

Ukuze uqonde lokhu kakhudlwana, cabanga ngabantu abane-dichromacy (izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-cone). Ngisho noma benezinhlobo ezimbili zama-cone kuphela, bangabona imibala engaba ngu-10,000. Abantu abanjengathi abangama-trichromats (banezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cone) bangabona imibala engaba yisigidi kuya kwezigidi eziyi-10. Lokho kungaphezu ngokuphindwe kayi-100 kuya kweyi-1000 kune-dichromats. Bese ucabanga ukuthi umuntu one-tetrachromacy angabona umbala ongakanani!

Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi indlela obona ngayo umbala "iyavela kumuntu" . Okusho ukuthi, ubona umbala ngendlela ehlukile kuwe, yomuntu siqu. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho naphakathi kwabantu abangenawo umehluko ekuboneni imibala. Leso esinye sezizathu ezenza abantu ngezinye izikhathi bangavumelani ngombala wento efanayo (njengoba kubonakala ngezinye izikhathi kokuthunyelwe kwe-"viral" ku-inthanethi).

Ngakho-ke, wazi kanjani ukuthi une-tetrachromacy?

Ngeshwa, ayikho impendulo elula yalo mbuzo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izivivinyo eziku-inthanethi zithembisa kangakanani, lo mbuzo awunakuphendulwa. Okokuqala, kubonakala sengathi abesifazane kuphela abangaba ne-`(Tetrachromacy)`. Futhi, i-`(Tetrachromacy)` yangempela ayivamile kangangokuthi zimbalwa kakhulu izimo eziqinisekisiwe.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi une-Tetrachromacy, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi unayo iwukuhlolwa okukhethekile nabacwaningi besayensi. Uma uthola ukuthi une-Tetrachromacy enamandla, ungabheka indawo ekuzungezile bese uzwa yonke imibala, yonke imibala, yonke imibala, ngendlela abantu abaningi abangakaze bayizwe noma bayiqonde.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake sizikhumbuze ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu nge-Tetrachromacy:

• I-Tetrachromacy iyikhono elingavamile kakhulu.Kulesi simo, umuntu angahlukanisa futhi aqaphele izigidi zemibala eminingi kunabantu abavamile.
• Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kohlobo olwengeziwe lwe-cone (eyesine) esweni kanye nokucutshungulwa kahle kwalolo lwazi ubuchopho.
• Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala kwabesifazane , futhi kunezimbangela zofuzo zaso (ngokuqondile ezihlobene ne-chromosome X).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi akukwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi une-"Tetrachromacy". Ungakhohliswa yilokho.
• I-tetrachromacy yangempela ingaqinisekiswa kuphela ngocwaningo lwesayensi olukhethekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA .
• Njengoba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu, uma usola ukuthi unalolu hlobo lombono ongavamile wombala, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Khumbula, amehlo ethu ayizitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezimangalisayo. ``I-Tetrachromacy`` iyisici esisodwa nje salo. Umbono wombala womuntu wonke ungahluka kancane, futhi yilokho okwenza umhlaba ube muhle kangaka!

I- Tetrachromasia, umbono wombala, amaseli ekhoni, izinguquko zofuzo, i-chromosome X, izifo ezingavamile, ukubona