Iyini i-Tourette Syndrome? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula.

Wake waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezincane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abadala, bacwayiza amehlo abo njalo, noma banikine amahlombe abo, noma ngokuzumayo benze umsindo okhulula umphimbo? Kubonakala sengathi lezi zinto zenzeka kubo ngaphandle kokulawulwa yibo, akunjalo? I-Tourette syndrome yisimo sezinzwa esibangela ukunyakaza noma imisindo engalawuleki. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuzulazula ngokwezokwelapha. Ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ngokugcwele lokhu.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Tourette Syndrome?

I-Tourette syndrome yisifo sezinzwa esibangela umuntu ukuba enze ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, okungahleliwe noma imisindo angenakuyilawula. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-tics'. Isibonelo, umuntu angase acwayize amehlo ngokuphindaphindiwe, ahlanze umphimbo wakhe, noma asho amagama angawaqondile.

Kwabanye abantu, ukwelashwa kusiza ukulawula lokhu kudlikiza. Kodwa kwabanye, lezi zimpawu azikhathazi kangako kangangokuthi azidingi nhlobo imithi.

Lesi simo sivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Sivame kakhulu nakubafana kunamantombazane. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lezi zimpawu zivame ukuncipha njengoba izingane zikhula. Kwezinye izimo, ziyanyamalala ngokuphelele.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Odokotela basazama ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela i-Tourette syndrome, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye eziningana zobuchopho. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko ku-basal ganglia, esiza ukulawula ukunyakaza komzimba; ama-frontal lobes, alawula imisipha; kanye ne-cortex, esiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali athwala imiyalezo ebuchosheni, abizwa ngokuthi ama-'neurotransmitters,' nakho kungaba imbangela. Amakhulu yi-'(dopamine)`, `(serotonin)`, kanye ne-`(norepinephrine)`.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izizathu ezingakafakazelwa ngokugcwele, kodwa okucatshangwa ukuthi zinethonya:

• Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• Ubuthi be- carbon monoxide
• I-Encephalitis

Ingabe lokhu kuyinto evela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane?

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Tourette syndrome noma izimo ezifanayo ze-tic zingase zibe yifa ngokwezinga elithile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo. Nakuba kungacaci kahle ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani, umuntu one-Tourette syndrome unethuba elingama-50% lokuyidlulisela enganeni. Kodwa-ke, kweminye imindeni, abantu abaningana banalesi simo, kanti kweminye, umuntu oyedwa kuphela ongaba naso. Futhi, cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingama-20 enalesi simo ayinawo umlando womndeni walesi simo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Tourette syndrome (Tics)?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-Tourette syndrome yi-'tics'. Amanye ama-'tics' mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi awabonakali ngisho nokubonakala. Kodwa amanye avamile futhi asobala. Angabhebhethekiswa yizinto ezifana nokucindezeleka , injabulo, ukugula, noma ukukhathala. Ama-'tics' anzima ngezinye izikhathi angabangela ukuhlazeka futhi aphazamise impilo yomphakathi noma umsebenzi.

Ngaphambi kokuba kube nokunyakaza komzimba, abanye abantu bangase bezwe ukuqaqamba, ukuhlaba, noma ukuqina emzimbeni wabo. Ukungakhululeki kuyanyamalala lapho kwenzeka ukushukuma komzimba, noma ukunyakaza. Ungase ukwazi ukumisa ukushukuma komzimba isikhashana, kodwa ungase ungakwazi ukukuyeka ngokuphelele.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-'tics'. Ziyi-'motor tics' kanye ne-'vocal tics'. Uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo luhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: olulula noluyinkimbinkimbi.

Iqiniso ngokusebenzisa ulimi olungcolile (i-Coprolalia)

Esinye sezimpawu ezididayo kakhulu ze-Tourette syndrome yi-'coprolalia'. Lokhu ukukhulunywa okungalawulwa kwamagama amabi noma izinto ezingafanele emphakathini. Ngokufanayo, ukwenza okungalawulwa kwezenzo ezingcolile kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-copropraxia'. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abanalesi simo bavezwa ku-TV nasemamuvi, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuvame kakhulu. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, iningi labantu abane-Tourette syndrome abanayo i-'coprolalia' noma i-'copropraxia'.

Ezinye izimo ezihlobene

Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingacaci, cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-Tourette syndrome nabo banezimpawu ze-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), okusho ukuthi banenkinga yokunaka, ukuhlala begxile, kanye nokuqeda imisebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tourette syndrome ingase ihlotshaniswe nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda, isibonelo i-dyslexia
• Isifo sokuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile (OCD) yisimo lapho imicabango nezenzo ezingafuneki zingenakukwazi ukulawulwa khona, isibonelo, ukugeza izandla njalo.

Udokotela wazi kanjani ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu kuyi-Tourette syndrome?

Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho kungadingeka ahlole ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zokudlikiza kwakho. Isibonelo, ukucwayiza kwamehlo njalo kungaba ngenxa yokungaboni kahle, noma ukukhahlela impumulo njalo kungaba ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungathunyelwa ukuze uyohlolwa njengokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskenwa kwe-MRI yobuchopho bakho. Ungacelwa futhi ukuthi wenze i-EEG (electroencephalogram), elinganisa amaphethini wamagagasi obuchopho.

Udokotela wakho angase akubuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Yini ekuphefumulele ukuthi uze lapha namuhla?
• Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ninokunyakaza komzimba okungalawuleki? Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lokhu kuqhubeka?
• Uyawezwa amazwi noma imisindo iphuma emlonyeni wakho ungacabangi? Lokhu kwaqala nini?
• Ingabe kukhona okwenza lezi zimpawu zibe ngcono? Yini eyenza zibe zimbi kakhulu?
• Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokukhathazeka noma yobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo?
• Ingabe ukhona omunye emndenini onalezi zimpawu?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela ucabangela nalezi zindlela:

• Ingabe ama-'tic' angaphansi kwezigaba zombili zokunyakaza nomsindo (akudingeki ukuthi enzeke ngesikhathi esisodwa).
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziza kangaki ngosuku, ingabe lezi zizohlala okungenani unyaka wonke?
• Ingabe kwaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18?
• Ingabe lezi zinto azibangelwa imithi noma ezinye izinto?
• Ingabe ukudlikiza kuyahlukahluka ngokuvama, uhlobo, ubukhulu, noma kusukela kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi?

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Tourette syndrome okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, ukudlidliza akukubi ngokwanele ukuthi kudingeke ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphazamisa impilo yakho, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi.

Imithi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasiza ekunciphiseni 'ama-tics'. Eminye yale mithi inikezwa nezinye izimo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi leyo mithi itholakale futhi inciphisa 'ama-tics'.

• Imithi ethinta i-dopamine: i-Fluphenazine, i-Haloperidol, i-Pimozide, ne-Risperidone.
• Imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme: njenge-'Clonidine', 'i-'Guanfacine'.
• Ama-antidepressants: i -Fluoxetine (Prozac), i-Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Imithi ye-ADHD: njenge-`Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)`.
• Imithi yesifo sokuwa: njenge-'Topiramate (Topomax)'.

Ukwelapha

Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukwelashwa kusiza kakhulu ekuphatheni lesi simo.

• Ukwelapha Ngengxoxo: Ungakhuluma nodokotela wengqondo noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani ne-Tourette syndrome kanye nezimo ezihlobene ne-ADHD, i-OCD, noma ukukhathazeka.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlonza imizwa eyandulela ukudlikiza kanye nokwenza okunye ukuphendula kuyo. Lokhu kungaba usizo olukhulu ekulawuleni ukudlikiza.
• Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Okujulile (i-DBS): Lokhu kuseyindlela yokwelapha yokuhlola. Kucatshangelwa abantu abanezimo ezinzima kakhulu abangazange basabele kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kulokhu, kufakwa idivayisi ngokuhlinzwa eletha ukukhuthazwa kukagesi ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza.

Amathiphu abazali abanakekela ingane ene-Tourette syndrome

Ukunakekela ingane enalesi simo kungaba yinselele kubazali. Khumbula, ukudlikizela kuvame ukuba sezingeni eliphezulu lapho ingane isencane futhi kancane kancane kuncipha njengoba ikhula.

Okwamanje, nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza:

• Ungamphoqi ingane yakho ukuba iyeke ukudlikiza kwayo. Kungase kube yinto ekhathazayo ukuyibona noma ukuyizwa, kodwa ukuzama ukuyilawula kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwengane futhi kwenze ukudlikiza kube kubi nakakhulu.
• Yazisa abantu abadala empilweni yengane. Yazisa othisha besikole, umshayeli weveni yesikole, uthisha wekilasi, kanye nabaqeqeshi ingane echitha isikhathi esiningi nabo. Bachazele isimo bese uthola ukwesekwa ingane ekudingayo.
• Siza ukwakha ukuzethemba kwengane yakho. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba iphishekele izinto eziyithandayo kanye namathalente (njengezemidlalo, ubuciko, umculo). Lokhu kuzoyisiza ukuba yenze abangane, ifunde izinto ezintsha, futhi yakhe ukuzethemba.
• Fundisa ingane yakho ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani namahlaya abanye abantu. Khuluma nengane yakho futhi uyiqeqeshe ukuthi ingaphendula kanjani amahlaya nemibuzo yabanye abantwana.
• Thola ukwesekwa futhi. Thola ukuthi akhona yini amaqembu okusekela abazali bezingane ezinjengalezi. Lokho kuzokunika amandla amaningi.