Ingabe ungumuntu othanda ukuhamba ehlathini, ukulima ingadi, noma ukudlala nesilwane esifuywayo? Uma kunjalo, namuhla sikhuluma ngesifo esingavamile kodwa esibalulekile esingasithola ezilwaneni, enhlabathini, noma ezinambuzaneni. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-tularemia. Ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wonogwaja." Ungakhathazeki, nakuba singavamile kakhulu eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Tularemia?
I-Tularemia ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi `(Francisella tularensis)`. Lesi akusona isifo esivamile kubantu. Leli bhaktheriya lihlala kakhulu emizimbeni yezilwane, enhlabathini nasemanzini. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane njengonogwaja nezingwejeje, izinyoni, nezimvu. Izilwane ezifuywayo njengezinja namakati emakhaya ethu nazo zingayithola. Leli bhaktheriya lingaphila amasonto amaningi enhlabathini, emanzini, noma emizimbeni yezilwane ezifile. Yingakho lingadluliselwa kithi ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani kithi?
Lesi sifo asivamile ukudluliselwa sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Kodwa-ke, ungasithola ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukulunywa yizinambuzane : Izinambuzane ezifana nezimpukane namakhizane zingadlulisela lesi sifo uma ziluma isilwane esinalesi sifo bese zikuluma.
- Ngokuthinta izilwane ezinegciwane: Uma uthinta isilwane esinegciwane (esiphilayo noma esifile), noma uma uthinta inyama noma uboya baleso silwane.
- Ngokudla noma ngamanzi angcolile : Ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile ngamagciwane noma ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esinesifo.
- Ngokuphefumula: Ngokuphefumula amabhaktheriya aphuma enhlabathini ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokulima nokuhlanza umhlabathi.
- Ezifuyweni: Kungadluliselwa ngamathe avela enjeni noma ekatini lakho eliye lathintana nesilwane esinalesi sifo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ochayeke kuleli gciwane ozogula. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezimpawu ze-tularemia
Izimpawu kanye nohlobo lwesifo kungahluka kuye ngokuthi amagciwane angena kanjani emzimbeni. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezi-5 ngemva kokuba amagciwane engene emzimbeni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha amasonto amabili. Ake sichaze lokhu kabanzi kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lwe-Tularemia | Izimpawu eziyinhloko |
|---|
| I-ulceroglandular tularemia uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluvame ukubangelwa ukulunywa yisinambuzane. | |
| I-Oculoglandular tularemia uhlobo oluthinta amehlo. | - Ukubomvu kwamehlo , ukuvuvukala, kanye nobuhlungu.
- Ukuphuma kwamehlo noma ukuphuma kwamehlo.
- Inxeba elincane ngaphakathi kweso.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esizungeze izindlebe, intamo, kanye nomhlathi.
|
| I-Oropharyngeal tularemia uhlobo oluthinta indlela yokudla. | - Umphimbo obuhlungu , amathonsi avuvukele.
- Ukuhlanza kanye nohudo.
- Izilonda zomlomo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwentamo.
|
| I-tularemia ye-pneumonic uhlobo olubi kakhulu, oluthinta amaphaphu. | - Ukukhwehlela okomile.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
|
| I-typhoidal tularemia uhlobo olungavamile nolubi kakhulu lwe-tularemia oluthinta wonke umzimba. | - Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
- Ukukhathala okukhulu.
- Ukuhlanza kanye nohudo.
- Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kanye ne-spleen.
|
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba lesi kuyisifo esingavamile, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kunabanye. Ungase ube sengozini enkulu kancane uma:
- Abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ehilela ukuxhumana njalo nezilwane nomhlabathi, njengabalimi , odokotela bezilwane, abalimi bezitshalo kanye nezikhulu zezilwane zasendle .
- Abantu abazingela njengento yokuzilibazisa noma njengomsebenzi.
- Abantu abadla inyama yezilwane iluhlaza noma ingaphekiwe kahle.
- Abantu abachitha isikhathi esiningi bengaphandle ehlathini.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. isifo sikashukela, iziguli ezinomdlavuza).
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
I-Tularemia ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba izimpawu zayo zingafana nezinye izifo ezivamile, njenge-pneumonia kanye ne-influenza. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile
ukutshela udokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi, uma kudingeka, ancome ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokumelene namagciwane.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha ingcezu encane yezicubu ezivela esilondeni sesikhumba noma ekuvuvukeni ukuze ihlolwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-swab: Kuthathwa isampula emphinjeni noma ekhaleni bese ihlolwa.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia).
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Njengoba lokhu kuyigciwane elibangelwa amagciwane,
ama-antibiotic anikezwa njengokwelashwa. Lawa anganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma imijovo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic anikezwe udokotela kuze kube yilapho ephuzwa. Uma uyeka ukuwaphuza phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sifo singase sibuye.
Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, i-tularemia ingalapheka ngokuphelele . Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma kwenzeka isimo esibucayi, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlala uphephile kulesi sifo. Ungenza lezi zinto ezilula ukusiza:
- Ungazami ukubamba izilwane zasendle ezifile noma ezigulayo.
- Uma uya ehlathini, exhaphozini, noma kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho kungase kube khona amakhizane noma izinambuzane , gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho kahle .
- Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane .
- Nikeza izilwane zakho imithi yokuzivikela ezinkingeni, futhi uzigcine zihlanzekile njalo.
- Uma udla inyama yezilwane zasendle, yipheke kahle .
- Gqoka amagilavu uma usebenza ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngenhlabathi.
- Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Tularemia iwukutheleleka okungavamile kwamagciwane okungadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni, ezinambuzaneni nasenhlabathini.
- Umkhuhlane, izilonda zesikhumba, kanye nama-lymph node avuvukele kuyizimpawu ezivamile, kodwa izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka.
- Uma usola ukuthi unalesi sifo, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, singalapheka ngokuphelele.
- Izinyathelo ezilula njengokugwema ukuphatha izilwane ezifile, ukuzivikela ezinambuzaneni, nokupheka ukudla kahle kungakusiza ekuvikeleni kulesi sifo.
I-Tularemia, izifo ze-zoonotic, imikhaza, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izilonda zesikhumba, umkhuhlane
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