Umkhuhlane ongajwayelekile ovela ezilwaneni? Ake sixoxe nge-'Tularemia'!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Tularemia"? Mhlawumbe leli gama lisha kancane. Kodwa kuyinto okudingeka siyazi, ngoba iyisifo esingadluliselwa kithi sisuka ezilwaneni, futhi singaba sibi kakhulu. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi "umkhuhlane wonogwaja". Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma nge-"Tularemia" ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini 'i-Tularemia'? Kalula nje...

I-Tularemia yisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis). Yisifo esibangelwa yizilwane ezizalwa nazo. Ngokuqondile, sidluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezinegciwane noma ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezithwala amagciwane, njengezinambuzane kanye nama-tick.

Uma unalesi sifo, ama-lymph node akho angavuvukala kabuhlungu . Hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa kuye ngokuthi amagciwane angene kuphi emzimbeni wakho, ungabhekana nezimpawu ezahlukene emaphashini akho, emehlweni, emphinjeni nasemathunjini. Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi lapho sihambahamba ehlathini, uma isilwane esincane sisiklwebha noma sisiluma, njengemikhaza, sithola inxeba, futhi leli gciwane lingangena emizimbeni yethu ngaleyo nxeba.

I-tularemia ibukeka kanjani emzimbeni?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-tularemia ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node, okungabonakala njengezigaxa ezinkulu emzimbeni, njengasentanyeni nasemakhwapheni. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kube nezilonda lapho amagciwane angene khona emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubukeka njengesilonda esincane.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole le 'tularemia'? Ubani osengozini?

Noma ubani angathola i-tularemia. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, noma indawo ohlala kuyo kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuchayeka kuleli gciwane. Bheka ukuthi uphakathi kwalaba bantu:

• Abantu abazingela noma abaphatha inyama engaphekiwe kahle : Lokhu kungadluliselwa enyameni yezilwane.
• Abantu abasebenza njalo nezilwane, njengodokotela bezilwane kanye nezikhulu zokulawula izilwane : basengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuxhumana eduze nezilwane ezithelelekile.
• Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lezinambuzane ezilumayo njengezimpukane nezimpukane .
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka : Isibonelo, abantu abane-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba.
• Izisebenzi zasemapulazini, abagundi bezimvu, kanye nalabo abasebenza nebhaktheriya i-'F. tularensis' ezindaweni zokucwaninga : Laba bantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-'Pneumonic tularemia', ethinta amaphaphu.

Nakuba lesi sifo sibikwa kabanzi kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi amanye amazwe ase-United States, noma ubani angasithola lesi sifo kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho kukhona khona leli gciwane. Nakuba lingakaze libikwe kakhulu eSri Lanka, kuhle ukuba siqaphele.

Ivame kangakanani i-Tularemia?

Akusona isifo esibonakala yonke indawo emhlabeni, asivamile . Kodwa, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, kungaba yingozi kakhulu uma kwenzeka, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sikuqaphele lokhu.

Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezithinta lesi sifo?

I-Tularemia ingathinta kakhulu ama-lymph node akho, isikhumba, amehlo, umphimbo, amathumbu, noma amaphaphu . Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingabangela ukuvuvukala kunoma yisiphi isitho, okuhlanganisa ubuchopho nenhliziyo.

La magciwane asebenza kanjani emzimbeni?

Kalula nje, lapho amabhaktheriya e-‘F. tularensis’ engena emizimbeni yethu, amaseli esistimu yethu yokuzivikela komzimba “ahlasela” amabhaktheriya. Ngokuvamile, la maseli angabhubhisa amabhaktheriya. Kodwa-ke, amabhaktheriya e-‘F. tularensis’ anobuqili kakhulu. Kungaphakathi kwalawo maseli lapho amabhaktheriya anda khona . Ekugcineni, amaseli okuzivikela komzimba ayabhujiswa, futhi inani elikhulu lamabhaktheriya lisakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, lithelele amanye amaseli.

Lokhu kubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana kanye nokusabela kwesimiso sethu somzimba kula magciwane yikho okubangela izimpawu engxenyeni yomzimba ethelelekile.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Tularemia?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-tularemia. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa endleleni otheleleke ngayo yigciwane kanye nokuthi izimpawu zivela kuphi.

1. I-Ulceroglandular tularemia

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-tularemia . Ngokuvamile lutholakala ngokulunywa yisilwane esifana nomkhaza noma isilwane esinalesi sifo. Luthinta isikhumba sakho kanye nezindlala ze-sebaceous. Uphawu oluyinhloko indlala ye-sebaceous evuvukele enezilonda zesikhumba.

2. I-Glandular Tularemia

Lokhu kufana nohlobo olushiwo ngenhla, kodwa akubanga izilonda zesikhumba, kuphela ama-gill avuvukalayo . Kungabangelwa ukulunywa yizimpukane noma ukuthintana ngqo nesilwane esinalesi sifo.

3. Uhlobo oluthinta amehlo (i-Oculoglandular tularemia)

Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lwenzeka uma uthola amanzi athelelekile noma uketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esweni lakho. Kubangela izimpawu esweni . Ngokuvamile kuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

4. Uhlobo oluthinta umphimbo kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla (i-Oropharyngeal tularemia)

Lolu hlobo lungatholakala ngokudla ukudla okungcolile, ukuphuza amanzi angcolile, noma ngokufaka izandla ezingcoliswe amagciwane emlonyeni ngaphandle kokuzigeza. Uphawu oluyinhloko umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu . Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zesisu nazo zingavela.

5. Uhlobo oluthinta amaphaphu (i-Pneumonic tularemia)

Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-tularemia . Lubangela izimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezingakhula ngazo:

• Ukuphefumula ngqo kwebhaktheriya `F. tularensis`Ukungena emaphashini.
• Ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-F. tularensis kwenye indawo emzimbeni kuya emaphashini .

6. I-typhoidal tularemia

Lolu hlobo lwe-tularemia lubonakala ngomkhuhlane ophakeme futhi luthinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba . Lungakhula ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlobo ze-tularemia.

Ingabe i-'Tularemia' iyafana 'nesifo seLyme'?

Lona umbuzo abanye abantu abawubuzayo. Nakuba ezinye zezimpawu ze-"Tularemia" zifana nesifo se-"Lyme", lezi zifo ezimbili zithinta umzimba ngendlela ehlukile. I-"Tularemia" yisifo esingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba futhi singaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila . I-"Lyme disease" ngokuvamile ayisongeli kakhulu ukuphila, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izimpawu zesikhathi eside, okunzima ukuzelapha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Tularemia?

Izimpawu ze-tularemia ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo onalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqubuka kwesikhumba . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezithile zenzeka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi.

Izici zezinhlobo zezilonda zesikhumba namaqhubu e-Ulceroglandular kanye ne-Glandular:

• Imfiva.
• Ama-lymph node amakhulu kakhulu, avuvukele kabuhlungu .
• Isilonda esivulekile (isilonda noma isilonda) esikhumbeni - lokhu kwenzelwa kuphela i-'Ulceroglandular tularemia'.

Izimpawu zohlobo lwe-Oculoglandular:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Ukudabuka kwamehlo.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-photophobia) - okusho ukuthi kunzima ukubheka ukukhanya.
• Ukuvuvukala kanye nobuhlungu ezindlebeni noma entanyeni.
• Inxeba elivulekile esweni (isilonda se-cornea).

Izimpawu zohlobo lwe-Oropharyngeal ezithinta umphimbo kanye nomphimbo:

• Imfiva.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu .
• Ukuvuvukala komphimbo, ukubomvu, kanye namabala amhlophe.

Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nalokhu:

• Ukuhlanza.
• Uhudo (mhlawumbe luhambisana negazi).
• Ubuhlungu besisu.

Izimpawu zohlobo lwe-Pneumonic ezithinta amaphaphu:

• Imfiva.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Amaqhubu abomvu noma izilonda esikhumbeni (i-erythema nodosum).
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis).

Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-typhoid:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Ukugodola.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ikhanda elibuhlungu).
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Uhudo.
• Ukucanuzela noma ukuhlanza.
• Ukudideka.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi amagciwane angene emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sivele?

Isikhathi sokufukamela i-tularemia, isikhathi kusukela ekuchayekeni kumagciwane kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpawu, ngokuvamile sivame ukubaCishe izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu , kodwa abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi izimpawu kuze kube amasonto amabili.

Iyini imbangela yalesi sifo 'i-Tularemia'?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, kubangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `uFrancisella tularensis` (`uF. tularensis`). Leli gciwane livame ukuhlala emizimbeni yezilwane (lezi zilwane ezithwala izifo zibizwa nangokuthi "amadamu") – ikakhulukazi onogwaja, onogwaja, izilwane ezincane ezifana namagundane, namakati. Lingadluliselwa futhi ngamakhizane nezinambuzane ezilumayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zaleli gciwane elithi 'F. tularensis' - uhlobo A nohlobo B. Uhlobo A luvame ukubangela ukugula okubi kakhulu, futhi luvame kakhulu eMelika. Uhlobo B luvame ukubangela izimpawu ezincane, futhi lutholakala eNyakatho Melika nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.

Lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani kithi?

Kunezindlela eziningana i-Tularemia edluliselwa ngazo kithi:

• Ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezilumayo ezifana namakhizane, omiyane, kanye nezimpukane zenyamazane .
• Ngokulunywa yizilwane ezinegciwane.
• Ngokuthinta izilwane ezinegciwane . Uma uthinta izicubu noma uketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esinegciwane, amabhaktheriya angangena emzimbeni wakho ngokuqhekeka okuncane esikhumbeni sakho. Ungawathola futhi amabhaktheriya ngokuthinta izinto ezingcoliswe yibhaktheriya i-'F. tularensis' bese uthinta ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumulo, noma umlomo.
• Ngokuphuza amanzi anegciwane noma ngokudla ukudla okunegciwane.
• Ngokuphefumula amaconsi amancane (i-aerosol noma inkungu) aqukethe i-bacterium `F. tularensis` . Lokhu kungenzeka, isibonelo, uma isilwane esinegciwane sinqunywa umshini wokugunda utshani noma imishini yasepulazini, futhi amagciwane angakhishwa emoyeni bese ephefumulwa.

Ingabe i-tularemia iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye?

Cha, i-tularemia ayithelelani. Okusho ukuthi, ayisabalali ngokukhuluma noma ngokuxhawulana nomuntu onegciwane. Kodwa-ke, iyathelelana kakhulu . Okusho ukuthi, noma ngabe inani elincane kakhulu lamagciwane lingena emzimbeni, ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo iphezulu.

Ingabe kuphephile ukudla isilwane esine-tularemia?

Uma inyama iphekiwe kahle, amabhaktheriya ayabulawa. Kodwa-ke, uma wazi ukuthi isilwane sike saba ne-"Tularemia", akukuhle ukudla inyama yaleso silwane .

Udokotela uhlonza kanjani i-Tularemia?

Ukuze kutholakale i-tularemia, udokotela uzokuxilonga, akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, bese eyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, uzohlola izinsini zakho, umphimbo, amehlo kanye nesikhumba ukuze athole izilonda, amaqhubu, noma izilonda.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Ukuze kutholakale i-tularemia, udokotela wakho angenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Isampula yegazi elithathwe engalweni yakho lizothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe izimpawu ze-tularemia nokubona ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-F. tularensis ayanda yini. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya e-F. tularensis akhula kancane, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokuqala kungaba okuvamile. Ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe igazi ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa.
• I-biopsy : Uma ukuqubuka kwakho kuvuvukele kakhulu noma kunezilonda zesikhumba, udokotela wakho uzothatha ingxenye encane yezicubu (i-'biopsy') endaweni bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe igciwane le-'F. tularensis' likhona noma liyakhula.
• I-swab yamakhala noma yomphimbo : Udokotela uzosebenzisa i-swab enamathiselwe endukwini ende ukuze athathe isampula ye-mucus ekhaleni noma emphinjeni wakho, ayithumele elebhu, bese ehlola ukuba khona nokukhula kwebhaktheriya i-F. tularensis.
• Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-Pleural / thoracentesis : Uma unqwabelene koketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu akho (i-pleural effusion), udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yalo ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thoracentesis bese eluthumela ukuze luhlolwe.

Nokho, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo 'i-Tularemia'?

I-Tularemia yelashwa ngama -antibiotic e-broad-spectrum . Lawa anganikezwa njengomjovo noma njengamaphilisi. Uma unezinkinga ezinkulu, ungadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-tularemia ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bazoqala imithi elwa namagciwane ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imibiko yakho yelabhorethri ngoba bafuna ukuyivimba ukuthi ingabi yingozi.

Ingabe abantu bangalulama ngokuphelele kulesi sifo, i-Tularemia?

Yebo, kungenzeka. I-Tularemia iyisifo esingelapheka. Ama-antibiotic angabulala amagciwane ayibangela.

Yimiphi imithi enikezwa i-Tularemia?

Izinhlobo zama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ukwelapha i-tularemia yilezi:

• 'I-Streptomycin'
• `I-Gentamicin`
• I- Doxycycline (i-Doxycycline)
• `I-Azithromycin`
• `Ciprofloxacin' noma `levofloxacin'

Ngizinakekela kanjani ekhaya ngenkathi ngithatha imithi? Ngingabhekana kanjani nezimpawu?

Kubalulekile ukuthatha wonke ama-antibiotic anikezwe udokotela wakho isikhathi esiphelele . Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala. Uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngokushesha, amanye amabhaktheriya angase ahlale emzimbeni wakho futhi abangele ukuthi ukutheleleka kubuye.

Ngaphezu kwama-antibiotic anqunyiwe, ungakwazi ukulawula ezinye zezimpawu ze-tularemia ekhaya. Buza udokotela wakho ngemithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ngezimpawu zakho.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sihlale siphephile kulesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Tularemia'?

Unganciphisa ingozi ye-tularemia ngokuzivikela wena nezilwane ezifuywayo ekulunyweni yizinambuzane, uqaphele lapho uxhumana nezilwane, futhi upheke inyama kahle.

• Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho kahle uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi otshanini obude noma ezindaweni ezinehlathi. Sebenzisa isifutho sezinambuzane esiqukethe i-DEET.
• Ngemva kokubuya ngaphandle, zihlole wena nezilwane ezifuywayo ukuthi azinawo yini amakhizane . Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi omunye umuntu ahlole izindawo ongaziboni kalula, njengekhanda.
• Buza udokotela wakho wezilwane ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ezifweni zama-tick. Amakati aphuma ngaphandle angathola i-tularemia.
• Gada izilwane zakho ezifuywayo uma ziphuma ngaphandle. I-Tularemia ingadluliselwa ngokulunywa ezinye izilwane.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​uma uphatha izilwane (eziphilayo noma ezifile) . Ungalokothi uthinte isilwane sasendle ngezandla zakho. Ngisho noma ugqoka amagilavu, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokuphatha izilwane.
• Pheka inyama kahle kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile . Hlanza njalo izandla, izindawo, kanye nezitsha kahle ngemva kokulungisa ukudla. Izilwane zasendle zingaqukatha amagciwane abangela i-tularemia.
• Ungaphuzi amanzi angelashiwe.
• Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukusika utshani noma ukusebenzisa eminye imishini eduze kwezidumbu zezilwane . Uma kungenzeka, ungabeki izilwane emishinini. Ukugqoka imaski yobuso uma usebenzisa umshini wokugunda utshani noma imishini yezolimo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphefumula kwezinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lokhu.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-tularemia, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uthathe ama-antibiotic ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabi khona.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-tularemia? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?

Iningi labantu abathola i-tularemia liyalulama ngokuphelele . Kuzodingeka uphuze ama-antibiotic izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-21.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa. Uma uqala ama-antibiotics ngokushesha kakhulu ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zakho, ungase ube nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Izimpawu zabanye abantu zingase zibuye ngemva kokuba sebeluleme (ukubuyela emuva). Uma lokho kwenzeka kuwe, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe enye indlela yama-antibiotic.

Ukwelashwa kwe-tularemia kuvame ukuthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, izilonda zesikhumba ezibangelwa i-tularemia zingabangela izibazi ezihlala njalo.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

Njengoba i-tularemia ingathelelani kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, ungabuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni noma nini lapho uzizwa uphilile .

Iyini inhloso ye-tularemia?

Umbono we-tularemia muhle uma welashwa ngokushesha . Uma welashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic, izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-tularemia lingaphansi kuka-1%.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Tularemia?

Izinkinga ze-tularemia zivame ukwenzeka nge-pneumonia noma i-typhoid fever. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula (i-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - i-ARDS).
• Umkhuhlane wobuchopho (i-meningitis noma i-meningoencephalitis).
• Ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo (`myocarditis`, `pericarditis` noma `endocarditis`).
• Ukuvuvukala kwamathambo, umnkantsha, noma amalunga (i-osteomyelitis noma i-arthritis).
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi (i-hepatitis).
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukopha kwangaphakathi (ukopha kwegazi).

Ingabe i-Tularemia ingelapheka ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic?

Abanye abantu bangalulama ekutholeni i-tularemia ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa nokulimala kwezitho zomzimba, iphezulu kakhulu . Uma ingelashwa, i-tularemia yohlobo A ingaholela ekufeni cishe kuma-30% ezimo. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukungabaza, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bheka udokotela uma:

• Uma unezimpawu ze-'Tularemia'.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-tularemia, udokotela angase akuncome ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotics ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singabi khona.
• Uma izimpawu ze-tularemia ziphinde zivele ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinkulu , hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-103 (39.4 Celsius).
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Uma kukhona igazi emhlanzweni noma esitulweni.
• Uma ukhwehlela igazi.
• Uma ubona umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni sakho, ezindebeni, noma ezinzipho (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka komoya-mpilo - `ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini`).
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma okungazelelwe.

Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele ngizibuze udokotela wami?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo uma ubona udokotela wakho:

• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami ngendlela efanele?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?
• Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Ingabe i-tularemia isetshenziswe njengesikhali sebhayoloji?

Ngenxa yokuthi ingadluliselwa ngokushesha kangaka, kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi igciwane i-F. tularensis, elibangela i-tularemia, lingasetshenziswa njengesikhali sebhayoloji. Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuqubuka okubikiwe noma okuqinisekisiwe kwe-tularemia okuhlobene nezikhali zamakhemikhali .

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, le 'Tularemia' iyisifo esingavamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esibi kakhulu esidinga ukunakekelwa . Uma ucabanga ukuthi uke wabhekana naso, noma uma unezimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ungalulama ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi, kodwa ukuqaphela nokuqaphela. Uyakwazi?

I - Tularemia, i-Francisella tularensis, umkhuhlane wonogwaja, umkhuhlane wezimpukane zezinyamazane, isifo sezilwane ezizalwa yizilwane, ama-lymph node, isifo esithwalwa yizimpukane, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, izifo ezithwalwa yizimpukane