Uyazazi yini izifo ze-ALS? (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) - Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe

Ingabe uzizwa ngokuzumayo imisipha inyakaza engalweni, emlenzeni, noma ehlombe? Noma uzizwa sengathi amazwi akho ayakhungatheka lapho ukhuluma, noma izitho zakho zomzimba ziyathuthumela? Nakuba sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi lezi kungaba izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibi kakhulu esihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa, njenge -ALS ( Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ) . Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ALS, njengokukhuluma nje nomngane.

Kalula nje, iyini i-ALS?

Cabanga ngakho, umzimba wethu ufana nomshini oyinkimbinkimbi. Ubuchopho bethu buthumela imiyalezo ezingxenyeni zalo mshini ukuze zisebenze. Kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli lemizwa elithwala le miyalezo liye emisipheni. Sibiza lawa ma-motor neuron ngokuthi. Uma uhamba, udla, ukhuluma, uphefumula, konke lokhu kulawulwa yimiyalezo evela kula ma-motor neuron.

Ku-ALS, ngesizathu esithile, la ma-motor neuron ayancipha kancane kancane, angasebenzi, bese efa. Khona-ke, noma ubuchopho bufuna, abunandlela yokuthumela imiyalezo emisipheni. Uma imiyalezo ingamukelwa, imisipha iyancipha kancane kancane futhi ibuthakathaka. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-atrophy .

Nakuba umonakalo obangelwe yilesi sifo ungenakulungiseka, imithi ehlukahlukene kanye nokwelashwa kungenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula futhi kulawule izinga lesi sifo esiqhubeka ngalo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-ALS.

I-ALS ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. I-ALS engavamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Cishe ama-95% eziguli ze-ALS analolu hlobo. Igama elithi "sporadic" lisho ukuthi kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

2. I-Familial ALS (FALS): Lolu uhlobo oluzuzwa njengefa. Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% weziguli ezine-ALS zinalolu hlobo. Lapha, lesi sifo sibangelwa yisici sofuzo (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) futhi isakhi sofuzo esingalungile sidluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni.

Yini ngempela ebangela i-ALS?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, abacwaningi basazama ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela i-ALS. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa okucatshangwa ukuthi zinegalelo kulokhu:

• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo: Ngenxa yezinguquko kwezinye izakhi zofuzoKutholakale ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa angonakala.
• Ukungalingani kwe-Glutamate: I-Glutamate iyikhemikhali (i-neurotransmitter) edlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho nezinzwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi le glutamate iqoqana eduze kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ezigulini ze-ALS futhi ingalimaza izinzwa.
• Izinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela: Ngezinye izikhathi isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela singahlasela futhi sibhubhise amangqamuzana emizwa aphilile.
• Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative : Eminye imikhiqizo eyingozi (ama-free radical) akheka lapho amangqamuzana ethu ekhiqiza amandla ingalimaza amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
• Izici zemvelo: Ucwaningo luyenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali noma amagciwane athile kungaba yini imbangela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ALS?

Izimpawu ze-ALS zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile, uphawu oluyinhloko ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-ALS itholakala kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-ALS kungaba nzima kancane, njengoba izimpawu zingafana nezezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, udokotela uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ezinye izimo.

Ingabe i-ALS ne-MS zizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?

Abantu abaningi badidanisa i-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) kanye ne-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Nakuba zombili zithinta isimiso sezinzwa, ziyizifo ezimbili ezihlukene.

• I-MS (Multiple Sclerosis) yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esilimaza isembozo sokuvikela (i-myelin) esizungeze amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
• Ku- ALS , ama-motor neurons abhujiswa ngokuqondile.

Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwe-ALS

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-ALS. Kodwa-ke, kunemithi eminingana engasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo, kwandise impilo, futhi kwenze impilo yansuku zonke ibe lula. Isibonelo, i-Riluzole ne -Edaravone zivunyelwe ngale njongo. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha zokulawula izimpawu.

• Umuthi wezinto ezinjengokuqunjelwa, ubuhlungu, ukuqunjelwa kanye nokukhathala.
• Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kusiza ukugcina imisipha iqinile futhi ihamba isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukufundisa ngemishini namasu akusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula.
• Ukwelashwa Ngenkulumo: Kusiza ngezinkinga zokukhuluma nokugwinya.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuphefumula: Kunikeza ukwesekwa lapho kuvela ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Izinto okufanele uzazi uma uphila ne-ALS

Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kuyinselele eshintsha impilo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokuphila uqine ngalesi simo.

• Zivumele uzizwe imizwa yakho: Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele, uthukuthele, noma wesaba. Ungayivaleli leyo mizwa, khuluma nomuntu omethembayo.
• Yaziswa: Funda ngesimo sakho. Buza udokotela wakho imibuzo.
• Joyina amaqembu okusekelana: Ukukhuluma nabanye abaphila nalesi sifo njengawe kuwumthombo omkhulu wamandla engqondo.
• Yenza izinguquko ekhaya: Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ukuhamba kungase kube nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngezinto ezifana nokususa amakhaphethi ashelelayo, ukufaka imigoqo yokubambelela endlini yokugezela, nokulungisa iminyango ukuze kube lula ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile.
• Sekela abanakekeli bakho: Kungumthwalo omkhulu emndenini wakho nakubangane abakusizayo kulolu hambo. Basize baphumule futhi banakekele impilo yabo yengqondo.