Uyalwazi umkhuhlane ovela ezinhlungwini? Ake sixoxe ngeRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi isilwane esincane esifana ne-leech singasibangela isifo esingakanani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esidluliselwa yi-leech enjalo, esingaba sibi kakhulu, kodwa uma selashwa kahle, ungalulama ngokushesha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever . Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalo.

Iyini iRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Kalula nje, lokhu kuyigciwane elibangelwa yigciwane. Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa yigciwane elincane elingena emzimbeni. Leli gciwane libizwa ngokuthi i-Rickettsia rickettsii. Kodwa leli gciwane alizi nje lingene emzimbeni wethu. Linomthwali. Lowo mthwali yi-leech. Akuwona wonke ama-leech, kodwa uma silunywa yi-leech etheleleke ngaleli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Rickettsia rickettsii)`, sithola lesi sifo. Kufana nomiyane we-dengue, akuwona wonke umiyane osakaza i-dengue, umiyane onegciwane le-dengue kuphela owenza lokho. Yileyo ndlela okubangelwa ngayo.

Nakuba lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi 'iRocky Mountain', asitholakali kuphela ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kodwa singabonakala nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Lesi sifo asivamile ukubikwa eSri Lanka, kodwa kuhle ukuqaphela lokhu ngoba kunezinye izifo ezidluliselwa yizimpukane kanye nalabo abahamba kwamanye amazwe .

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani? Zithinteka kanjani izimpungushe?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lo mhlume usakazeka kanjani lokhu. Umhlume, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lomhlume oluthwala lesi sifo, uthwala amagciwane `(Rickettsia rickettsii)` emzimbeni wawo. Lapho lo mhlume ufika uzinamathisela emzimbeni womuntu, noma ngezinye izikhathi isilwane esifana nenja, bese umunca igazi, lawo magciwane angena egazini lethu kanye namathe omhlume.

Cabanga ngakho njengesirinji esincane. Uma i-leech imunca igazi, ifaka amagciwane enawo emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa lesi sifo asisabalali ngokushesha ngemva kokuba i-leech inamathele. Ngokuvamile, i-leech kufanele inamathele emzimbeni amahora amaningana (mhlawumbe amahora angu-4-6 noma ngaphezulu) ukuze imunce igazi ukuze amabhaktheriya angene emzimbeni. Yingakho kunconywa ukususa i-leech ngokushesha uma uyibona inamathele emzimbeni wakho.

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo . Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-leech asebenza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Avame kakhulu emahlathini, ezindaweni ezinotshani, nasezindaweni ezinezihlahla eziningi. Ngakho-ke uma usebenza noma uhamba ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, emapaki, noma ngisho nasensimini yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ama-leech.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)?

Lesi sifo asibonisi izimpawu ezinkulu ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile sithatha phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyi-14 ngemva kokulunywa yi-leech.Yilapho izimpawu ziqala ukuvela khona. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zivela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-5-7.

Okokuqala kuza izici ezilandelayo:

• Kushisa kakhulu. Ngokungazelelwe, umzimba wami uyashisa futhi ngiba nomkhuhlane.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda lakho.
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bemisipha. Njengoba nje uma une-viral fever, umzimba wakho uyabuhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele yisisu sakho futhi uhlanze.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo .
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.

Uma lezi zimpawu ziza zodwa, singase sicabange ukuthi lokhu kuyimfiva evamile yegciwane . Yileyo kuphela ingozi kulokhu. Ngoba kungase kube sekwephuzile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Kodwa lesi sifo sinophawu oluthile kakhulu. Lokho ukuqubuka okubonakala esikhumbeni . Yingakho sibizwa nangokuthi 'umkhuhlane onamabala'.

• Lezi zilonda ziqala ukubonakala zizungeze izihlakala nasemaqakaleni njengamachashazi amancane abomvu noma amabala.
• Ngemuva kwalokho lezi zilonda zisakazeka kancane kancane ezintendeni nasematheni . Lokhu kukhethekile kancane, ngoba akuzona zonke izifo ezibangela izilonda ezintendeni nasematheni.
• Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zilonda ziqala ukusabalala ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, ziye esiqwini .
• Ekuqaleni, la mabala abomvu, kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi angaba nsomi abe nomopho omncane. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `( petechiae )`.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abathola lezi zimpawu. Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane, bangase bangazitholi lezi zimpawu futhi bamane babe nomkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu. Uma kunjalo, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthola lesi sifo.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-5 kusukela ekuqaleni komkhuhlane. Ngakho-ke uma unomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma uke waba sendaweni lapho kunezimpukane, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

Kufanele simbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu engizikhulumile ekuqaleni - umkhuhlane ophakeme, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zomzimba , isicanucanu, kanye nalolo qhubu oluthile - ikakhulukazi uma ukhumbula ukulunywa yi-leech noma uma uke waba sendaweni lapho kungase kube khona ama-leech , kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Cabanga nje, usanda kubuya ekudlaleni engadini nengane yakho, noma uhambe uhambo olufushane ehlathini. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ingane yakho iba nomkhuhlane, ikhala ngobuhlungu bomzimba, bese iqala ukuba namabala amancane abomvu ezandleni nasezinyaweni zayo. Uma kunjalo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Ukuqashelwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kubalulekile ekuphepheni impilo, njengoba ukwelashwa okulibazisekile kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Udokotela uzobheka kakhulu izimpawu zakho, ukuthi ngabe uke wavezwa yizimpukane, kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo. Kuwusizo olukhulu uma unaleyo ndlela ethile yokuqubuka.

Kodwa kunzima ukubona ukuthi lokhu kuyiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zodwa, ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezinye izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane.

Ngakho-ke, odokotela bavame uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana. Kunezivivinyo ezifuna ama-antibodies akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngokumelene naleli gciwane. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi la ma-antibodies athatha izinsuku eziningana ukuze akhule, imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingaba mibi ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, isampula encane (i-skin biopsy) ingathathwa ezilondeni bese ihlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi akhona yini amagciwane.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi odokotela baqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho besola lesi sifo, ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngoba ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi simo.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Lesi sifo selashwa ngama-antibiotic. I-antibiotic i- doxycycline ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu. Ifanele abantu abadala kanye nezingane.

Kubalulekile ukuthatha umthamo oqondile obekwe udokotela isikhathi sonke. Ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi ngoba nje umkhuhlane wakho usuphelile ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu futhi uzizwa ungcono. Kumelwe uqede yonke inkambo yemithi.

Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, okungukuthi, zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-5 kusukela izimpawu ziqale, abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi unikezwe ama-antibiotic emithanjeni (IV). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunikezwa ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, njengosawoti wokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nemithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Kwenzekani uma ukwelashwa kunganikezwa? (Izinkinga)

Lena inkinga okudingeka sigxile kuyo kakhulu. I-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) yisifo esingasongela impilo uma singelashwa.

Uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka noma kungelashwa, leli gciwane lingasakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi lilimaze izitho ezahlukahlukene.

• Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi: Lokhu kungabangela ukopha emzimbeni.
• Imiphumela ebuchosheni: Izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokuvuvukala kobuchopho (i-encephalitis), ukuxhuzula, kanye nokuquleka kungavela.
• Imiphumela ohlelweni lokuphefumula: I-pneumonia kanye ne-pulmonary edema kungenzeka.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Imiphumela enhliziyweni.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni zomzimba kuyaphazamiseka, futhi lezo zingxenye zingaze zife (i-gangrene). Uma lokho kwenzeka, lezo zingxenye kungadingeka zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.

Yingakho ngishilo ngaphambili ukuthi uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi ulunywe yi-leech, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha. Uma uphuza umuthi ngesikhathi, ungagwema lezi zimo eziyingozi.

Sizivikela kanjani ezifweni ezibangelwa yizinhlungu kanye ne-RMSF? (Ukuvimbela)

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukugwema ukulunywa yizimpukane. Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze senze lokhu:

• Gwema izindawo lapho kukhona khona izimpungushe: Gwema ukuhamba emahlathini, otshanini obude, nasezindaweni ezinezihlahla eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kufanele uye ezindaweni ezinjalo, zama ukuhamba phakathi kwemigwaqo nasezindaweni ezivulekile.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: Gqoka amabhulukwe amade kanye namahembe anemikhono emide. Faka amabhulukwe akho emasokisini akho. Gqoka izicathulo zakho phezu kwamasokisi akho. Gqoka izingubo ezinombala okhanyayo ukuze ama-leech abonakale kalula uma esezingutsheni zakho.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane: Faka izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane eziqukethe amakhemikhali afana ne-`(DEET)` kanye ne-`(Permethrin)` esikhumbeni sakho nasezingutsheni zakho. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo lapho usebenzisa lezi zinto. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma uzisebenzisa ezinganeni ezincane. `(Permethrin)` kufanele ifakwe ezingutsheni nasezintweni ezinjengamatende kuphela, hhayi ngqo esikhumbeni.
• Hlola umzimba wakho ngemva kokubuya ekhaya uvela ngaphandle: Uma ubuya ekhaya uvela endaweni lapho kukhona khona ama-leech, shintsha zonke izingubo zakho bese uhlola umzimba wakho wonke kahle. Naka ngokukhethekile izindawo ezifana nesikhumba sekhanda, izindlebe, intamo, amakhwapha, imbobo, kanye nangemuva kwamadolo. Hlola futhi izingane zakho kahle.
• Geza izingubo: Geza izingubo ozigqokile ngaphandle emanzini ashisayo. Uma kungenzeka, zomise emshinini wokomisa izingubo. Lokhu kuzobulala noma yiziphi izikelemu ezingaba khona.
• Hlola izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo ezifana nezinja namakati ekhaya, zihlole njalo ukuthi azinazo yini izimpukane. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo engenazo izimpukane kuzo. Ngoba izimpukane ezilwaneni zingangena ekhaya lakho zikulume nawe.
• Hlanza ingadi yakho: Sika utshani engadini yakho bufushane. Susa noma yimaphi amaqabunga omile. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lezindawo zokucasha ama-leeches.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-leech inamathele emzimbeni wakho?

Ungesabi uma ubona i-leech inamathele emzimbeni wakho. Into ebalulekile ukuyisusa kahle.

1. Sebenzisa ama-tweezers aneziqongo ezincane.

2. Sebenzisa i-forceps ukuze ubambe i-leech eduze kwesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka, uyibambe eceleni kwekhanda layo.

3. Donsa uqonde phezulu, kancane nangokucophelela, ngesivinini esiqinile. Ungajiki noma ucindezele. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi ikhanda le-leech linamathele esikhumbeni, noma kungasakaza amagciwane emzimbeni.

4. Ngemva kokususa i-leech, geza indawo kahle ngensipho namanzi, bese uyihlanza ngento efana notshwala.

5. Hlanza i-leech esusiwe endlini yangasese, noma uyibeke esitsheni esinotshwala. Noma uyinamathisele nge-tape bese uyilahla emgqonyeni kadoti. Ungamane uyichoboze ngezandla zakho.

6. Khumbula usuku okwasuswa ngalo i-leech. Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ukubanda emasontweni ambalwa azayo, tshela udokotela bese umtshela ukuthi ulunywe yi-leech.

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) manje, akunjalo? Lesi yisifo esidluliselwa yizimpukane, futhi nakuba singaba sibi kakhulu, singelapheka ngokuphelele uma siqashelwa futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi.

• Ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezibangelwa yizimpukane kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela uma uya ezindaweni zasendle noma ezinotshani, sebenzisa imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, bese uzihlola uma ufika ekhaya.
• Uma unesifo sokuqubuka esiqala ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni futhi sisakazeka kanye nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, ikakhulukazi uma usola ukuthi ulunywe yi-leech, funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma odokotela besola lesi sifo, ngeke balibale ukuqala ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke uma unezimpawu, ungalibali ukubona udokotela.
• Thatha ama-antibiotic njengoba nje uyalelwe, isikhathi sonke.

Nakuba lesi sifo singavamile eSri Lanka, kunezinye izifo ezidluliselwa yizimpukane. Futhi, uma othile eye waya phesheya kwezilwandle futhi ebonisa lezi zimpawu, kuhle ukusola lesi sifo futhi.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho. Hlala uphilile!

Umkhuhlane Osabalele Emabala eRocky Mountain, i-RMSF, ama-leeches, izifo ezithwalwa yi-leech, umkhuhlane, izilonda zesikhumba, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, i-Rickettsia rickettsii, ama-antibiotic, i-doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline ) , isifo esithwalwa yi-tick, ukuvimbela ukulunywa yi-tick