Uma kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinyi, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu futhi ukhathazekile ngawo. Kodwa khumbula, manje kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalokhu. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngalezo zindlela zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza nakanjani ukuthi unqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ukukhetha ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe kuncike ezintweni eziningana , okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani (yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "isigaba" somdlavuza), kanye nezinye izimo zempilo onazo .
Indlela yokuthola ukusabalala komdlavuza
Kalula nje, indlela umdlavuza osakazeke ngayo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Umdlavuza ongaphandle: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza awukasabalali uye engqimbeni yemisipha yodonga lwesinye sakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usezingqimbeni ezingaphandle kuphela.
- Umdlavuza ohlasela imisipha: Lapha, amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekele engxenyeni yemisipha yesinye.
- Okuthuthukile noma Okusakazeka Kakhulu: Lesi yisigaba esithuthukile lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwesinye, uye kuma-lymph node aseduze, noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengamaphaphu.
Iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wesinye badinga ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kukodwa kungase kungakwazi ukususa lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Kuleso simo, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa kanye nokuhlinzwa noma esikhundleni sako. Isibonelo , kusetshenziswa i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, kanye ne-immunotherapy .
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-TURBT
Ukuhlinzwa okuvame kakhulu komdlavuza wesinye osesigabeni sokuqala kubizwa ngokuthi i-transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Igama eliphelele lalokhu yi -Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor. Kule nqubo, odokotela bathatha amasampula ezicubu ngaphakathi kwesinye ukuze bahlole umdlavuza nokuthi ngabe ususakazekile yini. Noma, bangasebenzisa le nqubo ukususa isimila.
Ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, ungase uhlolwe igazi kanye ne-X-ray yesifuba ukuze kubonakale ukuthi usesimweni esihle sempilo ngenxa yalokho. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa , akukho ukusikeka okwenziwe esikhumbeni sakho. Udokotela ungena esinyeni sakho nge-urethra yakho, ipayipi lapho umchamo uphuma khona.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ekwenza ulale ngokuphelele, noma i-anesthesia yesifunda, eqeda kuphela ingxenye engezansi yomzimba wakho.
Udokotela ube esesebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi i-cystoscope. Leli yipayipi elincane, elide, neliguquguqukayo. Ekugcineni kwalo kukhona ikhamera, isibani, kanye nethuluzi elincane elingasika futhi lisuse umdlavuza. Lokhu kudluliswa nge-urethra kungene esinyeni, bese ikhamera isetshenziselwa ukubheka ngaphakathi kwesinyeni. Ngale ndlela, umdlavuza noma izicubu ziyasuswa, bese kusetshenziswa ukushisa ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
Amasampula ezicubu akhishwe ngale ndlela athunyelwa elabhorethri futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi aqukethe yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzofakwa ithubhu ebizwa ngokuthi i-catheter esinyeni sakho. Lokhu kuzokhipha umchamo esikhwameni. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uwugcine izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kungakhululekile ngemva kokuba i-anesthesia isiphelile. Abesilisa ngezinye izikhathi bangase babe nobuhlungu esicongweni sepenisi yabo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi. Ijeli yokudambisa izinhlungu ingasetshenziswa ukusiza.
Iningi labantu liya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo lokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isimila sikhulu, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ubusuku bonke. Ungase uqaphele igazi elithile emchameni wakho cishe izinsuku ezintathu ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Phuza okungenani izingilazi zamanzi ezingu-8-10 ngosuku ukuze ukhiphe isinyi sakho. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cystectomy
Phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela ususa ingxenye yesinye sakho (`i-Partial Cystectomy`) noma sonke isinye sakho (`i-Radical Cystectomy`).
- Ukususwa Kwesibeletho Okuyingxenye: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenziwa uma umdlavuza ususakazekele emisipheni yesinye kodwa usewumncane.
- Ukususwa Kwesibeletho Okukhulu: Uma umdlavuza mkhulu noma ususakazekele ezindaweni eziningana zesinye, udokotela uzosusa sonke isibeletho kanye nama-lymph node azungezile. Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke kakhulu, izitho zokuzala ezizungezile nazo zingasuswa.
- Kwabesifazane: isibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho, ingxenye yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ama-ovari, kanye namapayipi e-fallopian kungasuswa.
- Kwabesilisa: Indlala ye-prostate kanye nama-vesicle esibeletho kungasuswa.
Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ngenxa yalolu hlinzwa, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Uzohlala esibhedlela cishe isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uzokwazi ukubuyela empilweni evamile emavikini ambalwa.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, kunezinye izindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu neziphumelelayo.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa kwe-BCG | Lolu futhi uhlobo lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy. Uketshezi oluqukethe igciwane i-Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibangela isifo sofuba, kodwa elingabangeli izifo) lufakwa esinyeni nge-catheter. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba angene esinyeni futhi aqale ukulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza. |
| I-chemotherapy ye-intravesical | Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ngqo esinyeni nge-catheter ukuze kubulawe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kusetshenziswa uma ukwelashwa kwe-BCG kungaphumeleli. |
| Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy Okuhlelekile | Le mithi inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) noma njengamaphilisi. Ihamba egazini emzimbeni wonke, ibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ngale kwesinyi. Inikezwa ngemijikelezo eminingana yokwelashwa. |
| Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe | Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu, njenge-X-ray enamandla, ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Akubuhlungu. Kungathatha amasonto amaningana, cishe izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. |
| Ukwelashwa ngemisebe | Ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe esinyeni, kokubili ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kunikezwa ndawonye. |
Izindlela zokwelapha zakamuva nezithuthuke kakhulu
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, kuye kwavela izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zomdlavuza wesinyi.
Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
Lokhu okwenzayo ukusebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuhlasela umdlavuza. Cabanga ngakho njengoba amasosha omzimba ethu 'enezindawo zokuhlola'. Lezi yizindawo ezisisiza ukuthi sibone amangqamuzana ajwayelekile kanye nezitha esidinga ukulwa nazo. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza anobuqili obukhulu, axhumana nalezi zindawo zokuhlola futhi akhohlise amasosha omzimba ukuba acabange, 'Ngingomunye wenu, ningangihlaseli.' Ngakho lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ethi 'Checkpoint Inhibitor' ukuvimba lobo buqili. Khona-ke amasosha omzimba angabona futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ezinye izibonelo yizidakamizwa ezifana ne-'Atezolizumab'`, `'Nivolumab'`, ``Pembrolizumab``.
Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi eqondisa izinguquko ezithile zofuzo (izinguquko zofuzo) ezitholakala kuphela kumaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okuncane kumaseli anempilo. Isibonelo uhlobo lwemithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-FGFR inhibitors.
Ukwelashwa Ngezakhi Zofuzo
Lokhu ukwelashwa okusha kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo. Kungase kuphakanyiswe kwabanye abaguli abangaphumelelanga ekwelashweni kwe-BCG. Imithi efana ne-`Nadofaragene firadenovec (Adstiladrin)` isebenza ngokufaka isakhi sofuzo esilwa nomdlavuza ngqo esinyeni futhi ivuselele amasosha omzimba.
Okubalulekile: Ukuxoxa ngazo zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha, izinzuzo zazo, amaphutha azo, kanye nemiphumela emibi, ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ingabe kufanele sifunde futhi ngezivivinyo zemitholampilo?
Ososayensi nodokotela bahlala becwaninga ngemithi emisha nephumelelayo kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza wesinyi. Lokhu kwelashwa okusha kudinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuba kunikezwe iziguli. Lolu hlobo locwaningo lubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Ezinye iziguli ziyesaba ukuzibandakanya, zicabanga ukuthi ngeke zithole ukwelashwa. Kodwa empeleni, esivivinyweni somtholampilo, isiguli sithola ukwelashwa okujwayelekile okungcono kakhulu okutholakalayo, noma ukwelashwa okungcono nakakhulu okungase kutholakale esikhathini esizayo. Lena yindlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kungcono yini kunokwelashwa okukhona.
"Buza njalo udokotela wakho womdlavuza ngamathuba okuhlolwa kwezokwelapha," kweluleka uchwepheshe. "Leyo yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha zakamuva."
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wesinyi, ungesabi futhi usebenzisane nodokotela wakho ukuthola inketho yokwelashwa ekufanele kakhulu.
- Indlela yokwelapha incike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yakho, isigaba somdlavuza (ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani), kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Ukwelashwa okusetshenziswa kakhulu komdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala ukuhlinzwa kwe-TURBT.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelelayo, njenge-cystectomy, i-chemotherapy, i-radiation therapy, i-immunotherapy, i-target therapy, kanye ne-gene therapy.
- Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela wakho mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha zakamuva kanye nezivivinyo zezokwelapha.
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