Uma uya kudokotela, bakutshela ukuthi "uthathe isampula yomchamo" akunjalo? Wake wazibuza ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa okulula, lapho ufaka khona umchamo omncane enkomishini encane, empeleni kubhekani? Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kuhlola kuphela ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Kodwa iqiniso lijule kakhulu kunalokho. Le sampula yomchamo omncane ingaveza izinkomba ezibalulekile ngezinto eziningi emzimbeni wakho, njengesifo sezinso, izinkinga zesibindi, nesifo sikashukela. Ake sixoxe ngalokho namuhla.
Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa komchamo (Ukuhlolwa komchamo)?
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa komchamo uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezithatha isampula yomchamo wakho bese zibheka izinto ezahlukahlukene eziqukethwe kuwo. Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zalolu vivinyo.
1. Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukubuka izinto ezifana nombala womchamo nokuthi ucacile noma cha.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dipstick: Umugqa ombozwe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile ucwiliswa emchameni futhi izinto ezahlukene zilinganiswa ngokubheka ukuthi umbala ushintsha kanjani.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic: Isampula encane yomchamo ifakwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubhekwe izinto ezifana namaseli namabhaktheriya angabonakali ngeso lenyama.
Esikhathini esiningi, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukunikeza udokotela isampula encane yomchamo. Bese beyithumela elabhorethri bese benza izivivinyo ezishiwo ngenhla. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angenza isivivinyo se-dipstick ekamelweni lakhe bese ekunika imiphumela ngokushesha.
Yini le test eyifunayo?
Kuye ngokuthi udokotela wakho usola ukuthi isifo sini, uzonquma ukuthi azenze zonke lezi zivivinyo ezintathu noma azizenze kanye noma ezimbili. Ake sibheke ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zivivinyo ifunani.
1. Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo
- Umbala: Umchamo onempilo uvame ukuba nombala ophuzi okhanyayo kuya kophuzi omnyama. Lo mbala uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uphuza amanzi angakanani. Ungaba nombala uma uphuza amanzi amaningi, noma uphuzi omnyama uma uphuza amanzi amancane. Kodwa-ke, uma unombala ongajwayelekile, njengobomvu noma onsundu, kungaba uphawu lwesifo.
- Ukucaca: Ngokuvamile, umchamo ucacile, kodwa uma uba namafu, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dipstick
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlolwa. Lo mcu omncane wepulasitiki ungaveza izimfihlo eziningi zomzimba wakho.
| Kuyini ukuhlolwa? | Kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ubusindi (pH) | Izinga le-acid-base lomchamo liyalinganiswa. I-pH ephezulu ingabonisa izinkinga zezinso noma ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI). I-pH ephansi ingabonisa isimo sesifo sikashukela (ketoacidosis) noma isifo sohudo. |
| I-Bilirubin | Izinkinga zesibindi noma zenyongo zingabangela ukuthi i-bilirubin iqongeleleke emchameni. |
| Igazi (Igazi - i-Hemoglobin) | Uma kukhona igazi emchameni (i-hematuria), kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka, ukulimala komgudu womchamo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma umdlavuza. |
| Ushukela (i-glucose) | Umuntu ophilile akanashukela emchameni wakhe. Uma ushukela ukhona emchameni, kuwuphawu olukhulu lwesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. |
| Ama-Ketone | Ama-ketone akhiqizwa lapho umzimba ushisa amafutha ukuze uthole amandla. Ukuba khona kwama-ketone emchameni kubonisa isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diabetic Ketoacidosis, okuyinkinga yesifo sikashukela. |
| I-Leukocyte Esterase | Lena yi-enzyme elwa nokutheleleka emzimbeni. Ukuba khona kwayo emchameni kusho ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile emchameni. Lokhu kuvame ukuba uphawu lokutheleleka emchameni (UTI). |
| Ama-nitrite | Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya emgudwini womchamo zikhiqiza ama-nitrites, ngakho-ke uma lokhu kukhona emchamweni, kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI). |
| Amaprotheni | Amazinga amaprotheni (ikakhulukazi i-albumin) emchameni angakhuphuka ngenxa yezici ezifana nokulimala kwezinso (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela), isifo senhliziyo, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. |
| Amandla adonsela phansi athile | Lokhu kulinganisa ukujiya komchamo, okungukuthi, ukuthi ujiyile kangakanani. Uma lokhu kungavamile, kungaba nezizathu eziningi. |
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic
Ezinye izinto azibonakali ku-dipstick. Udinga i-microscope ukuze uzibone.
Cabanga ngethonsi lomchamo wakho njengedolobha elincane. Uma silibheka ngesibonakhulu, singakwazi ukubona "izakhamuzi" (amangqamuzana) kanye "nabahlaseli" (amagciwane) kulelo dolobha.
| Yini engatholakala? | Kungasho ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Amakristalu | Ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezithile zamakristalu emchameni kungaba uphawu lokuthi kwakheka amatshe ezinso. |
| Amaseli e-Epithelial | Kuvamile ukuba namaseli ambalwa aphuma odongeni lwe-urethra, kodwa inani elikhulu lalawa lingabonisa ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, noma isimo somdlavuza. |
| Amabhaktheriya, imvubelo, izimuncagazi | Ukuba khona kwalezi zinto emchameni kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI), ukutheleleka kwemvubelo, noma isifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). |
| Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (ama-RBC) | Lokhu kungabona inani elincane legazi emchameni elincane kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Inani elikhulu lalokhu lingabonisa inkinga ngesinyi, izinso, noma indlela yomchamo. |
| Ama-Urinary Casts | Lezi yizinhlayiya eziyisilinda ezenziwe ngamaprotheni akhiqizwa amangqamuzana ezinso. Ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zama-cast kungabonisa isifo sezinso, kanti ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo kuvamile. |
| Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi (i-WBC) | Lawa amangqamuzana okuzivikela omzimba. Ukuba nalawa amaningi kakhulu emchameni wakho kusho ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile emgudwini wakho womchamo. |
Kungani ngicelwa ukuthi ngihlole umchamo?
Udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa ngezizathu ezahlukene.
- Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile kwaminyaka yonke.
- Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokutheleleka komgudu womchamo noma ukuchama njalo.
- Gada izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso.
- Njengokuhlolwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Uma ungeniswe esibhedlela.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ngingalungiselela kanjani lolu vivinyo?
Lokhu ngokuvamile akudingi ukulungiselela okuningi, kodwa kuhle ukuqaphela ezinye izinto.
- Uma ukuthola kunzima ukuchama ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, phuza nje ingilazi yamanzi eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kakhulu kungabangela imiphumela enganembile.
- Uma usesikhathini, tshela udokotela wakho noma ilebhu kusenesikhathi, njengoba igazi lingase lithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
- Abanye abantu banenkinga yokuchama ngaphandle kwekhaya (shy bladder syndrome). Uma unale nkinga, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo. Bazokwazi ukukunikeza inketho elula.
Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, udokotela wakho angase athi:
- Thatha isampula yesampula yakho yokuqala yomchamo ekuseni.
- Gwema ukudla ukudla okuthile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
- Yeka okwesikhashana ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi engase ithinte imiphumela. ( Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungayeki ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. )
Ungayithola kanjani isampula yomchamo ngokunembile? (Indlela Yokuhlanza I-Clean Catch)
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze kutholakale ukunemba kokuhlolwa ukuqoqa isampula yomchamo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi indlela "yokubamba okuhlanzekile". Lokhu kuvimbela amagciwane esikhumbeni ukuthi angahlangani nomchamo.
Uzonikezwa indebe ekhethekile kanye nama-wipes ahlanzekile elebhu. Okokuqala, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi.
Kwabesifazane
1. Hlala endlini yangasese bese welula imilenze yakho kancane.
2. Sakaza i-labia phakathi ngeminwe emibili.
3. Sula ingaphakathi le-labia, kusukela phambili kuya emuva , ngenye yezingubo zokuhlanza ezihlanzekile ozitholile.
4. Hlanza nxazonke kwembobo ye-urethra ngesinye isembozo esingenamagciwane.
5. Manje qala ukuchama, bese udlulisela amaconsi ambalwa okuqala omchamo endlini yangasese.
6. Bese uyeka ukuchama, bamba indebe enikeziwe ngaphansi kwembobo ye-urethra, bese uchama kuze kube yilapho indebe isigcwele cishe ingxenye.
7. Thulula umchamo osele endlini yangasese.
Kwabesilisa
1. Hlanza ikhanda lepenisi ngendwangu yokuhlanza ehlanzekile enikeziwe. Uma ungasokile, donsa ijwabu bese ulihlanza kahle.
2. Qala ukuchama, bese ufaka amaconsi ambalwa okuqala endlini yangasese.
3. Bese uyeka ukuchama, bamba indebe ngaphansi kwepenisi yakho, bese uchama kuze kube yilapho indebe isigcwele cishe ingxenye.
4. Hlanza okusele endlini yangasese.
Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke uma imiphumela ingavamile?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi inani elilodwa embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa komchamo alijwayelekile, akusho ukuthi unesifo esibi kakhulu.
Ungabheki nje umbiko bese uhlola isifo. Kufana nokuzama ukuqonda yonke indaba ngokufunda igama elilodwa encwadini. Udokotela wakho kuphela owazi isithombe esiphelele.
Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinto zingathinta imiphumela.
- Eminye imithi namavithamini owathathayo (isib. i-vitamin C).
- Amagciwane angase aqoqeke esikhumbeni noma ekukhishweni kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane lapho kuthathwa isampula.
Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yombiko iyini, ungesabi futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Uzoqhathanisa izimpawu zakho nezinye izimo zezokwelapha futhi akuchazele ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini ngempela. Uma kudingeka, uzo-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuyindlela elula kakhulu, engenabuhlungu, kodwa ewusizo kakhulu enikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nempilo yakho.
- Ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile, kubalulekile ukunikeza isampula yomchamo ngokunembile usebenzisa indlela ethi "Clean Catch".
- Ungesabi ngoba nje inani elilodwa embikweni lingavamile. Kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu zesikhashana.
- Xoxa njalo ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo wakho nodokotela wakho okwelaphayo. Ungazenzeli ukuxilongwa kwakho ngokusekelwe olwazini oluvela ku-inthanethi noma kwabanye.
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