Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula nokudla? Ake sifunde ngale (Indandatho Yemithambo Yegazi).

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ngezinye izikhathi izizwa sengathi inenkinga yokuphefumula? Noma ingabe ihlala iminyene ngenkathi idla noma incelisa? Noma ingabe iyahlanza ngemva kokudla? Esinye sezizathu zalokhu kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yegazi)`, esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Igama lingase lizwakale njengento enkulu, kodwa ungesabi . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini lokhu `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yemithambo)`? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-Vascular Ring iyisakhiwo esingalungile ku -aorta yomntwana. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini i-aorta. Ingumthambo wegazi oyinhloko, omkhulu kunayo yonke othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye kuwo wonke umzimba wethu. Lifana nepayipi eliyinhloko elithwala amanzi lisuka ethangini lamanzi liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zendlu.

Kulesi simo esithi "Indandatho Yemithambo yegazi", i-aorta noma amagatsha ayo, i-trachea yomntwana (ipayipi lokuphefumula) , i-esophagus ( ipayipi lokudla), noma kokubili, kuyacindezelwa futhi kugoqwe kuyo. Cabanga ngayo njengento ethile ezisonga ngokuqinile epayipini lamanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amanzi ageleze.

Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani uma ubhajwa kanje?

• Uma umphimbo uba mfushane, umntwana angaba nobunzima bokuphefumula .
• Uma umphimbo uba lukhuni, umntwana angase abe nobunzima bokudla, ukuncelisa , noma ukugwinya.

Lokhu kuyiphutha lokuzalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umntwana uzalwa enalesi simo esesesibelethweni. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba kubi kakhulu, kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ingelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa.

I-aorta ivame ukwakheka kanjani? Kwenzekani eringini yemithambo yegazi?

Ake sibheke ukuthi i-aorta yomntwana ivame ukuhlalwa kanjani.

Ngokuvamile, i-aorta iqala ekamelweni elingezansi kwesobunxele senhliziyo yengane (i-ventricle yesobunxele). Bese ikhuphuka nge-trachea, igobe ibe yi-arch (i-aortic arch), bese yehla nge-trachea futhi (i-aorta eyehlayo). Kusukela kule arch kanye nengxenye eyehlayo, imithambo yegazi eminingi emincane iyahlukana ukuze inikeze igazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

Kodwa-ke, enganeni enesifo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Indandatho Yemithambo'', lo mthambo omkhulu ``(Aorta)'' noma amagatsha awo, i-trachea, i-esophagus, noma kokubili, uyawuzungeza njengendandatho, kungaba ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Yingakho ubizwa ngokuthi ``Indandatho Yemithambo''.

Cabanga nje, lokhu kufana nokugoqa ipayipi lamanzi engadini yethu nxazonke zempande yesihlahla, kunciphisa inani lamanzi agelezayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Indandatho Yemithambo Yemithambo)`?

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho le `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yegazi)` ingakheka khona. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

1. `I-Double Aortic Arch`:Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi i-aorta iqala ngokujwayelekile, bese ihlukana ibe ama-arches amabili. La ma-arches amabili azungeza futhi aqinise eduze komphimbo womntwana, umphimbo, kanye nomphimbo. Bese ama-arches amabili ehlangana kolunye uhlangothi abe umthambo wegazi owodwa futhi.

2. I-Aortic Arch Yangakwesokudla: Lapha, i-aorta iqala ngendlela engafanele, ngakwesokudla kwe-trachea esikhundleni sesobunxele. Bese kuthi, umthambo wegazi ojwayelekile uqale ngendlela engafanele bese uhamba ngemuva kwe-esophagus. Leli gatsha liveza omunye umthambo (umthambo we-subclavian kwesobunxele ) othwala igazi engalweni yesobunxele yomntwana. Le ndandatho igcwaliswa yinsalela yomthambo wegazi owawuvulekile ngesikhathi sokuphila komntwana bese uvala (i-Ligamentum Arteriosum). Le mithambo yegazi ingahlangana futhi icindezele i-trachea yomntwana, i-esophagus, noma kokubili.

3. I-Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (RSA): Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Arteria Lusoria. Ngokuvamile, lo mthambo uqala ku-Brachiocephalic Trunk, omunye wemithambo emithathu evela ku-Aortic Arch. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, i-Aberrant RSA iqala ngqo ku-Aortic Arch. Akuyona indandatho ephelele , ngakho-ke kungenzeka ingazibangeli izimpawu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo se-`(Vascular Ring)`?

Indandatho Yemithambo yegazi iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Ngisho nomntwana oyedwa kwabayi-100 akayithola. Ngisho noma enesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso, phakathi kuka-1% no-3% wabo uthola indandatho yemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into eyenzeka kubantu abaningi.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo?

Lesi simo singaba khona ezinganeni zanoma yiluphi uhlanga noma uhlanga. Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingaziwa, kutholakale ukuthi sivame kabili ezinganeni zesilisa kunezingane zesifazane .

Yini ebangela ukuthi le `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yegazi)` yakheke?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani le "ring yemithambo yegazi" yakheka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi njengoba ingane ikhula esibelethweni, kunezingxenye ze-aorta okufanele zivele ziwe. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi simo senzeka lapho lezo zingxenye zingawi .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Vascular Ring?

Ukuthi indandatho yemithambo yegazi ibonisa izimpawu noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, nini, kuncike ohlotsheni nokuthi icindezela kangakanani i-trachea noma i-esophagus.

Ezinye izingane zingase zibonise izimpawu ziseyizinsana . Ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu lapho sezikhulile, noma kamuva ekuphileni. Okumangazayo ukuthi abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi nhlobo izimpawu .

Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu angase abe nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya isikhathi eside, futhi naphezu kokuya kudokotela wamaphaphu noma udokotela wezifo zamathumbu ukuze athole ukwelashwa, angase angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi inkinga iyini ngempela.

Izimpawu ezenzekayo uma i-trachea ithintekile:

I-trachea yi-windpipe. Ngakho-ke uma incipha, ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela njalo.
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka (isib. i-pneumonia).
• Ukuvutha kwamakhala ( ukuvutha kwamakhala lapho uphefumula).
• Umsindo ongavamile lapho uphefumula (isib., `(Ukuphefumula)` - umsindo wokuphefumula ovela esifubeni, `(Umgudu)` - umsindo omkhulu ovela emphinjeni).
• I-Cyanosis yokuphefumula iwukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula.

Izimpawu ezenzeka uma i-esophagus ithintekile:

Umqala uyipayipi lokudla. Uma uba mncane, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukubuyela kwe-asidi.
• Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala nokungondli kahle "kuyiphutha lokuphumelela".
• Umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho .
• Ubunzima bokudla , ukuminyana njalo ngesikhathi udla.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia), ikakhulukazi uma ugwinya ukudla okuqinile.
• Ukuhlanza njalo.

Ezinye izimpawu zenhliziyo:

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abane-Vascular Ring bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo abazalwa nazo. Kulesi simo, ungase ubone nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Umsindo ongajwayelekile ozwakala enhliziyweni uthi "Heart Murmur".
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile (inhliziyo eshaya ngokushesha noma engajwayelekile).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea).

Lesi simo `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yegazi)` sitholakala kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kukhona indandatho yemithambo yegazi, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zezitho ezingaphakathi kwesifuba somntwana. Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwayo.
• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha nezithombe ezicacile zezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo, umphimbo, kanye nomphimbo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-echo, lokhu kuthatha izithombe ezifana nevidiyo zenhliziyo yengane kanye ne-aorta.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi i-trachea noma i-esophagus ikusiphi isimo:

• I-Barium Swallow `(I-Barium Swallow)` / `(I-Esophagogram)`:Kulokhu, uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi `(Barium)` lunikezwa ingane ukuba iluphuze. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuthi lolu ketshezi `(Barium)` luhamba kanjani phansi ku-esophagus `(Esophagus). Uma i-esophagus `(Esophagus)` ivinjiwe yi-`(Vascular Ring), ingatholakala ngalolu vivinyo.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kulokhu, ipayipi elincane elinekhamera encane nokukhanya lidluliselwa emlonyeni noma ekhaleni lomntwana, ngomphimbo (i-trachea) bese lingena emaphashini, ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi.
• I-Upper Endoscopy: Nayo le ipayipi. Kodwa idluliselwa emlonyeni bese yehla emphinjeni ukuze ibheke ngaphakathi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha le `(Indandatho Yemithambo Yemithambo)`?

Uma indandatho yemithambo yegazi ibangela ukuthi umphimbo noma umphimbo womntwana uvaleke, okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukudla, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa .

Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izindandatho zemithambo yegazi ezidinga ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-double aortic arch, zidinga ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha.

Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwayo luncike esimweni somntwana, uhlobo lwendandatho yemithambo yegazi, nokuthi inzima kangakanani. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuhilela:

• Ukusika nokuhlukanisa ingxenye yendandatho yemithambo yegazi ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka.
• Ukususa ingxenye encane ye-aorta noma omunye umthambo.

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane ohlangothini lwesifuba somntwana (inqubo evulekile - `(i-Thoracotomy)`) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka ukusikwa okukhulu kancane. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile, ezinganeni ezindala kancane, ukwenza inqubo engangenisi kakhulu .

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela ukwakheka kwale `(Indandatho Yemithambo)`?

Eqinisweni, ososayensi abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani "indandatho yemithambo yegazi" yakheka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngakho-ke okwamanje ayikho indlela ethile yokuyivimbela .

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu onalesi simo angalulindela?

Ukuhlinzwa kokwenza i-Vascular Ring kuphephile kakhulu futhi kuyaphumelela . Nakuba ezinye izimpawu zingase ziqhubeke izinyanga eziningana ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iningi labantu cishe lisuke lingenazo nhlobo izimpawu phakathi nonyaka .

Iningi labantu ngeke liphinde lidinge ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kudingeke olunye ukuhlinzwa.

Ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka ukuthi ubonane nochwepheshe ukuze uthole iseluleko (ukulandelela) iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Udokotela wenhliziyo.
• Udokotela ochwepheshe ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla (Gastroenterologist).
• Udokotela ochwepheshe ohlelweni lokuphefumula (i-Pulmonologist).

Yini enye okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela mayelana ne-Vascular Ring?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Vascular Ring", kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Hlobo luni lwe-`(Indandatho Yemithambo Yemithambo)` lolu?
• Ingabe lokhu kuzungeze umphimbo wami, umphimbo, noma kokubili?
• Ingabe uncoma ukuhlinzwa? Uma kunjalo, ingabe kuvulekile noma akuhlaseli kakhulu?
• Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
• Ingabe izimpawu zami ziyanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngibone abanye ochwepheshe?
• Ingabe nginezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo? Uma kunjalo, zingelashwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nalokhu kuhlinzwa?

Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya):

Indandatho yemithambo yegazi yisimo sokuzalwa lapho i-aorta yengane yakheka ngendlela engavamile, okubangela ukucindezeleka ku-trachea noma ku-esophagus, noma kokubili. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukugwinya.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo singalungiswa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa futhi izimpawu zingasuswa.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bazokunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo.

Indandatho Yemithambo, I-Aorta, I-Trachea, Umphimbo, Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa, Ubunzima Bokuphefumula, Ubunzima Bokudla