Uyakhumbula ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, sonke sasinamathele ku-TV noma ocingweni lwethu silinde ulwazi lwakamuva? Elinye lamagama owawezwa kaningi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyi-"Virologist." Sasivame ukuzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi "Isazi se-virologist sisho lokhu," "Lona umbono wakamuva wezazi ze-virologist." Ngakho-ke ubani isazi se-virologist? Benzani? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula.
Ubani lo dokotela wezifo zamagciwane?
Kalula nje, isazi segciwane ngumuntu ofunda amagciwane ngokujulile futhi onolwazi ngawo. Amagciwane ayizinto ezincane kakhulu esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu. Angathelela abantu, izilwane, nezitshalo kuphela, kodwa ngisho namagciwane.
Udokotela wegciwane ufunda izinto eziningi ngala magciwane. Isibonelo:
- Igciwane lingena kanjani esitokisini emzimbeni wethu futhi lizale kabusha?
- Zisakazeka kanjani kubantu abaseduze?
- Yenziwa kanjani imijovo yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane?
- Uyithola kanjani imithi yokulwa namagciwane yokwelapha ukutheleleka ngegciwane?
Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengale.
Yini eyenziwa yi-virologist?
Ngisho noma igama elithi "isazi segciwane" lisetshenziswa, kunemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ngaphansi kwalelo gama. Cabanga ngale ndlela: abanye benza ucwaningo elebhu, kanti abanye belapha iziguli esibhedlela. Kufana nokuthi uma uthi "unjiniyela," kunemikhakha ehlukene njengobunjiniyela bezokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela bemishini.
Ungathola umbono omuhle ngalokhu kuthebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Incazelo elula yalokho okwenziwayo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza ezibhedlela | Amasampula athathwe ezigulini (isib. igazi, isikhwehlela) ayahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elikhona. Ngakho-ke, odokotela banikezwa izincomo zokwelapha. |
| Ukusebenza njengodokotela | Njengochwepheshe wezifo ezithelelanayo, welapha ngqo iziguli ezinezifo ezithelelanayo. Isibonelo, uphatha izifo ezithelelanayo ezingamahlalakhona njenge-HIV noma i-hepatitis. |
| Ucwaningo Oluyisisekelo | Eyunivesithi noma esikhungweni socwaningo, senza ucwaningo ngezinto eziyisisekelo, njengokuthi igciwane lisebenza kanjani nokuthi lingena kanjani esitokisini. Lolu cwaningo lwakha isisekelo sokudala imithi emisha. |
| Ucwaningo Olusetshenziswayo | Basebenzisa okutholakele ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ewusizo njengemithi yokugoma noma imithi yokulwa namagciwane. Laba bantu bavame ukusebenzela izinkampani zemithi. |
| Insizakalo ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi | UMnyango Wezempilo wezwe, usebenzisana nezinhlangano ezifana ne-World Health Organization (WHO), uthola amagciwane amasha avelayo futhi unikeze izeluleko zokulawula ukusabalala kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. |
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene efana nentatheli ebhala ngensimu yezokwelapha kanye nomlobi wezibonelelo obhala iziphakamiso zokuthola uxhaso locwaningo.
Ingabe kufanele uye esikoleni sezokwelapha ukuze ube udokotela wezifo ezingamagciwane?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Impendulo ithi, akunjalo neze. Kodwa odokotela abaningi be-virologist baneziqu zezokwelapha (MD) noma zobudokotela (PhD). Abanye bangase babe nazo zombili.
Kalula nje, umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili yilokhu:
- I-Medical Doctorate (MD): Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kokufunda esikoleni sezokwelapha nokuqeqeshwa kokuhlola, ukuxilonga, nokwelapha iziguli. Laba bantu bagxila ekunakekelweni kweziguli.
- UDokotela Wefilosofi (PhD): Lokhu kunikezwa ngemuva kocwaningo olujulile emkhakheni othize kanye nokwengeza ulwazi olusha emhlabeni. Laba bantu bagxila ocwaningweni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga.
Uma ufuna ukwelapha iziguli ngqo futhi usebenzisane nazo, kubalulekile ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela (MD). Kodwa uma isifiso sakho ukusebenza elabhorethri, ukuthola izinto ezintsha, nokwenza ucwaningo, i-PhD ifaneleka kakhulu.
Uhambo lokuba yisazi segciwane
Lolu uhambo olude. Ludinga iziqu zemfundo ezinhle kanye nokuzinikela okukhulu.
Igxathu emvakwe gxathu...
1. Izinga Eliphakeme: Okokuqala, kumele uphumelele kahle isigaba seSayensi Esiphezulu, ikakhulukazi i-Biology ne-Chemistry.
2. Idigri yokuqala: Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukuthola iziqu ze-Bachelor emkhakheni ofana ne-Biology, i-Chemistry, i-Microbiology, noma i-Medical Laboratory Science.
3. Iziqu ze-postgraduate: Isinyathelo esilandelayo sincike emigomweni yakho.
- Ukuze wenze ucwaningo: Kuzodingeka ufunde kuze kube yi-Master of Science (MS) noma i-Doctoral Degree (PhD) ku-Virology noma emkhakheni ohlobene.
- Ukwelapha iziguli: Kumelwe uye esikoleni sezokwelapha, uthole iziqu zobudokotela (MD), bese uqeqeshwa ngochwepheshe emkhakheni onjengezifo ezithelelanayo noma i-immunology.
- Ukwenza ucwaningo kanye nokunakekela iziguli: Abanye abantu benza iziqu zobudokotela kanye neziqu zobudokotela. Kunezinhlelo ze-'MD-PhD' zalokho.
Ngokuvamile, lolu hambo lungathatha iminyaka engaba yi-10 ngemva kokufunda esikoleni samabanga aphezulu. Nakuba lokho kuyisikhathi eside, insizakalo enganikezwa emhlabeni wonke kulo mkhakha inkulu ngendlela engenakucatshangwa.
Izihloko ezibalulekile zalolu hambo
- Ibhayoloji - ikakhulukazi i-Microbiology, i-Cell Biology, kanye ne-Molecular Biology
- Ikhemistri - ikakhulukazi i-Biochemistry
- Izakhi zofuzo
- I-Immunology
- Ucwaningo lomdlavuza (i-Oncology)
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Virologist kanye ne-Epidemiologist
Sizwile womabili la magama kakhulu ngesikhathi seCorona. Laba bantu ababili benza izinto ezihlukile. Ake siqonde ngesibonelo esilula.
Cabanga nje iqembu labantu abaphuza amanzi emthonjeni edolobhaneni elithile bagula ngokuzumayo.
- Udokotela Wegciwane: Lokho akwenzayo ukuthatha isampula yamanzi omthombo bese eya elabhorethri athole ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elikulo. Ucwaninga ngokuziphatha kwalelo gciwane nokuthi angalibhubhisa kanjani. Ubheka ngokujulile igciwane .
- Isazi sezifo: Lokho akwenzayo ukuthola ukuthi lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani. Ubani othole lesi sifo? Yimaphi amaqembu eminyaka? Ingabe bonke baphuze amanzi emthonjeni ofanayo? Yini engenziwa ukuvimba lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali? Unikeza iseluleko ezingeni lezempilo yomphakathi. Ubheka indlela yokusabalala kwalesi sifo .
Kalula nje, ngenkathi ososayensi bama-virology befunda ngamagciwane, ososayensi bezifo eziwumshayabhuqe bafunda ukuthi lelo gciwane lisakazeka kanjani emphakathini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Udokotela wegciwane uchwepheshe ofunda amagciwane ngokujulile.
- Bangasebenza ezibhedlela, ezindaweni zokucwaninga, emanyuvesi, ezinkampanini zemithi, kanye nasezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi.
- Ukuze usebenze kulo mkhakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela (MD) noma iziqu zobudokotela (PhD). Kuya ngohlobo lomsebenzi ofuna ukuwuphishekela.
- Lo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu odinga ukuzinikela okukhulu nesikhathi, futhi unganikeza isevisi enhle esintwini.
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