Ukubona kwakho kuye kwehla ngokuzumayo, kodwa akukho buhlungu? Kungaba ukopha ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous hemorrhage). Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake walahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, kodwa kungekho buhlungu? Mhlawumbe umbono wakho wawufiphele, unenkungu, noma ubone izinto ezimnyama zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho. Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza lokhu kwenzeke ukopha ngaphakathi kweso. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi e-vitreous . Kalula nje, igazi liqoqa engxenyeni yeso efana nejeli.

Kuyini ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kweso? (Ukuphuma kwegazi nge-Vitreous)

Kalula nje, ukuphuma kwegazi e-vitreous kuwukuphuma kwegazi e-vitreous , uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, okungenabuhlungu kulelo liso. Cabanga ngakho, i-vitreous yindawo enkulu kunazo zonke ngaphakathi kweso lethu. Iqukethe into efana nejeli. Le jeli isiza iso ukuthi ligcine isimo salo esiyindilinga.

Lesi simo singabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela eqondile ngaphambi kokuyelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela, kuye ngembangela. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abane-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uphawu oluyinhloko ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo noma ubumpumputhe. Cabanga nje, i-vitreous kufanele ibe njengengilazi ehlanzekile, yilapho kuphela lapho ukukhanya kungadlula khona bese sibona. Manje kwenzekani uma ithola igazi? Kufana nopende obomvu omncane owele engilazini. Ivinjiwe ukuthi ingaphumi, futhi yilokho okubangela izimpawu.

Uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kwegazi elivela e-vitreous, akukho shintsho olubonakalayo ekubukekeni kweso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iso alibonakali libomvu ngaphandle. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuncane, noma kutholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lweso, kungaba nzima ukukubona, ngisho nakodokotela bamehlo, ngisho nangemishini ekhethekile.

Izinguquko embonweni zingafaka:

• Ukubona izinto ezincane ezimnyama zintanta phambi kwamehlo (Ama-Floaters)
• Ukubona izinto ezifana ne-spider webs
• Umbono ofiphele noma onenkungu
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ulahlekelwe umbono.

Kungani kukhona igazi esweni kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko igazi elingangena ngazo esweni. Enye ibangelwa amandla athile okusebenza , kanti enye ibangelwa isifo esiyisisekelo .

1. Ingabe kungabangelwa ingozi ethile noma umthelela onamandla? (Izimbangela zamandla omshini)

Yebo, amathonya ahlukahlukene angokomzimba angabangela ukopha ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulimala okuqondile esweni:Ake sithi ushaywe yibhola esweni ngenkathi udlala ikhilikithi, noma into ebukhali inamathela esweni lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho imithambo yegazi ethambile engaphakathi kweso ingalimala futhi yophe igazi. Lena yimbangela eyinhloko yabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
• Ukunyakaza okubukhali: Isibonelo, ukunyakazisa umntwana omncane ngokuzumayo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Shaken Baby Syndrome , kungabangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso iqhume futhi yophe igazi.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi: Ijeli elingaphakathi kwamehlo ethu (i-vitreous) ngezinye izikhathi liyahlukana ne-retina ngemuva kweso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) . Uma ihlukana, imithambo yegazi emincane ephakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili inganwebeka futhi iphuke, okubangela ukopha. Ngezinye izikhathi i-retina ingadabula (ukudabula kwe-retina) noma ihlukane ngokuphelele (ukuqhekeka kwe-retina) . Ukopha nakho kungenzeka.
• Ukucindezeleka Okudlulele: Ngezinye izikhathi lapho sibamba umoya futhi sizama ukuchama noma ukukhipha indle (okubizwa nangokuthi i-Valsalva maneuver) , ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwekhanda namehlo kunganda futhi kubangele ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungenzeka nalapho sithimula noma sikhwehlela ngendlela engafanele.

2. Ingabe lesi simo singabangelwa ezinye izifo? (Izimbangela zesifo eziyisisekelo)

Yebo, ukuphuma kwegazi e-vitreous kungabangelwa nezifo ezenza imithambo yegazi ibe buthaka ngaphakathi kweso noma ziphazamise ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela kanye ne-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension)
• Ukuvaleka Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal
• Isifo Se-Sickle Cell
• Umdlavuza Wamehlo
• Izifo zegazi, isibonelo i-anemia noma i-hemophilia
• Izimo ezilimaza imithambo yegazi, isibonelo , i-vasculitis
• Ukonakala kwe-Macular okuhlobene nobudala okumanzi, uhlobo loshintsho olumanzi olwenzeka ku-retina yeso njengoba sikhula

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokopha ngaphakathi kweso?

Ukopha okunje ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ekuboneni kwakho . Eminye yale miphumela ingaba yaphakade, kanti eminye ingathatha isikhathi ukuphola. Uchwepheshe wakho wamehlo angachaza ukuthi yini engenzeka kakhulu esimweni sakho nokuthi yini ongayenza.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Uma ubona uchwepheshe wamehlo, bazosebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuxilonga lokhu. Ngokuvamile, bangasebenzisa ithuluzi elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-ophthalmoscope noma umshini omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-slit lamp exam ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha. Kodwa-ke, bangenza nezinye izivivinyo ukuze bathole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo ngalokhu?

Ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni ukopha kwe-vitreous noma izimo ezikubangelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho, kanye nezinye izinkinga zegazi, njenge-anemia, izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi, kanye nezinye izinkinga zegazi.
• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kuwukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu uma udokotela engakwazi ukubona ingaphakathi leso ngokucacile.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kusebenzisa umsebe we-laser onamandla aphansi ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi leso lakho. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekubhekeni imithambo yegazi kanye nezendlalelo ze-retina ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukuskena kobuchopho: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuskena kwe-CT (i-Computed Tomography - CT) kanye nokuskena kwe-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) kwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukucindezeleka okweqile emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso kusukela ohlangothini lobuchopho bakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingasetshenziswa ezingaphezu kweyodwa yalezi zindlela. Lezi yizi:

• Ukwelashwa okulondolozayo: Lokhu kuhilela ukulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe amasonto ambalwa, ukuze ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo. Ezimweni eziningi, imizimba yethu ingalungisa umonakalo ngokwayo uma siyinika isikhathi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uzotshelwa ukuthi uphumule futhi ugweme imisebenzi ezokhathaza amehlo akho . Ungase futhi utshelwe ukuthi ulale ikhanda lakho liphakanyisiwe, okuzosiza igazi ukuthi liphume liye ngemuva kweso lakho.
• Ukwelashwa okugxile: Lezi zindlela zihilela ukulungisa imithambo yegazi eyonakele ngaphakathi kweso noma ukwelapha ezinye izinkinga kusetshenziswa ama-laser, noma ukusebenzisa ukushisa okukhulu (i-Photocoagulation) noma ukubanda okukhulu (i-Cryotherapy).
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kakhulu i-vitrectomy , okuhilela ukususa into efana nejeli enegazi ngaphakathi kweso bese kufakwa enye into esikhundleni sayo (mhlawumbe usawoti, uwoyela we-silicone, noma i-gas bubble ekhethekile).
• Imithi: Ngezinye izikhathi ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, engafuneki (i-neovascularization)Imithi yokulwa ne-VEGF (isib., imithi yokulwa ne-VEGF) ingafakwa esweni. Ngenxa yokuthi le mithambo yegazi emisha ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ingaphuka kalula futhi yophe igazi futhi, futhi ingalimaza kakhulu ukubona.
• Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko: Ukwelapha ngendlela efanele isimo esiyisisekelo esibangela ukopha (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje ekwelapheni isimo samanje kodwa nasekuvimbeleni ukuthi singaphinde senzeke.

Njengoba kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha, udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezizokusiza kakhulu.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ngibhekana nesimo esinjengalesi?

Uma uphuma igazi ngaphakathi kweso lakho, ukubona kwakho kungase kunciphe noma kushintshe ngokuzumayo. Kodwa ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu . Ukuncipha kokubona kungabonakala ngokuzumayo njengezinto ezimnyama ezintanta phambi kwamehlo akho (ama-floaters) , noma njenge-spider web. Noma ukubona kwakho kungase kufiphale noma kube nenkungu.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuthi lokhu kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Imbangela, ubukhali besimo, kanye nokwelashwa okutholile. Kungathatha izinsuku, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga ukuthi umbono wakho ubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Igazi elingaphakathi kweso liphuma kancane kancane liye ngemuva kweso, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi. Imizimba yethu ingalisusa leli gazi, kodwa kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kakhulu.

Iyini inhloso yalesi simo? (Indlela yokubuka)

Imiphumela yalokhu incike embangela nokuthi uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Abantu abanezimo zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma i-macular degeneration bangase babe nemiphumela ehamba kancane. Inani lokopha lithinta nemiphumela. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angakutshela ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yesimo sakho.

Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa? (Ukuvimbela)

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngezindlela esingenakuzibikezela noma esingakwazi ukuzilawula. Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukukuvimbela ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sinciphise le ngozi:

• Gqoka isivikelo samehlo: Uma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi noma udlala imidlalo (isib. i-squash, ikhilikithi), ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwamehlo ezingozini.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo: Ngokuthola ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha kudokotela womndeni wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ungathola izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ngaphambi kokuba ubhekane nezimpawu.
• Lawula izifo esezinesikhathi eside: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuzilawula njengoba udokotela wakho ekuncoma kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nalesi simo.
• Hlola amehlo akho njalo uma kudingeka:Ikakhulukazi uma unesifo esiyingozi njengesifo sikashukela, hlola amehlo akho njalo ngudokotela wamehlo, njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Ngale ndlela, izinguquko esweni zingatholakala kusenesikhathi futhi zelashwe.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ngokuzumayo ubona ukulahlekelwa umbono ngaphandle kobuhlungu, ukufiphala, noma ama-floating amasha, kufanele ubonane nodokotela, okungcono kube udokotela wamehlo, ngokushesha okukhulu.

Awukwazi ukuxilonga lokhu wedwa noma ukwelapha ngokwakho. Udinga udokotela wamehlo oqeqeshiwe ukuze akuxilonge ngokunembile futhi akunikeze iseluleko ngezinketho zokwelapha.

Ekugcineni, khumbula...

Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, okungenabuhlungu noma umbono ofiphele kuyinto ekhathazayo ngempela. Akufanele neze kuthathwe kalula. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalokhu kuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kweso, okubizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous hemorrhage , noma uma unesifo esandisa ingozi yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo. Angachaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nayo. Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu!

Ukubona Amehlo , Ukopha Kwamehlo, Isifo Sikashukela Amehlo, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona Okungazelelwe, Ukopha Okubangelwa Yi-Vitreous, Impilo Yamehlo