Ingabe ungumdlali we-rugby, umshayi webhokisi, noma umuntu oshaya ikhanda lakhe njalo? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi, "Kumane nje kuyisifo sokuxhuzula okuncane," futhi asisinaki kakhulu. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kobuchopho eminyakeni eminingi kamuva? Namuhla sikhuluma nge-CTE, isimo esibi kodwa esingabikwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi wena nezingane zakho niqaphele lokhu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-CTE?
I-CTE imele i-Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Kalula nje, yisimo sobuchopho sesikhathi eside esibangelwa ukulimala kwekhanda okuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kulimala kungafaka phakathi ukubhajwa kwekhanda okubangelwa ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda, kanye nokubhajwa kwekhanda okuncane okungase kubonakale kungathí sina kangako.
Lesi sifo saqala ukutholakala ngawo-1920 phakathi kwabadlali bamabhokisi. Ngaleso sikhathi, sasibizwa ngokuthi okunye. Njengoba bekhula, abanye abadlali bamabhokisi baqala ukuhlambalaza inkulumo yabo futhi baziphathe ngendlela ehlukile. Sasibizwa nangokuthi "ukudakwa ngokushaya." Kodwa kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi lesi simo sasingagcini nje kubadlali bamabhokisi, kodwa nakubadlali bezemidlalo yokuxhumana njenge-rugby ne-hockey.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zimpawu azibonakali ngokushesha ngemva kokulimala ekhanda. Zivela eminyakeni eminingi, ngisho namashumi eminyaka kamuva. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka siqaphele ngokulimala ekhanda.
Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake singene ebuchosheni bethu okwesikhashana. Ake sithi kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini ebuchosheni bethu olusiza ukugcina ama-neurons ezinzile futhi ehlelekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi iprotheyini 'ye-tau' . Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, le protheyini ye-tau ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchopho bethu.
Kodwa uma ikhanda lishaywa ngokuphindaphindiwe, uhlobo lwala ma-protein e-tau luyashintsha ngenxa yokulimala okwenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Aqala ukunamathelana, ahlangane, futhi ahlangane. Lawa ma-protein e-tau ahlangene aqoqana ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi kancane kancane abhubhise lawo maseli. Njengokungcola okugcwala epayipini futhi kuvimbele amanzi ukuthi ageleze, la ma-protein e-tau aphazamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo usakazeka kulo lonke ubuchopho. Yilokho i-CTE eyikho.
Akuwona wonke umuntu olimale ekhanda othola lesi simo, ngakho abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye izici, njengezakhi zofuzo , zingase zihileleke. Kodwa-ke, imbangela eqinisekisiwe kuphela ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-CTE?
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-CTE zivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, zingadidaniswa kalula nezimpawu zezinye izifo. Ezinye izimpawu zingafana nesifo i-Alzheimer's, kanti ezinye zifana nesifo i-Parkinson's.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu ezingavela ngezikhathi ezahlukene empilweni.
1. Ngesikhathi sobusha (ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-20 noma ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-30): Yilapho kuvela khona izinkinga eziningi zempilo yengqondo kanye nokuziphatha.
2. Lapho umuntu esemdala (cishe eneminyaka engama-60): Izinkinga ngenkumbulo kanye nekhono lokucabanga ziyavela phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezihambisana ne-CTE.
| Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo se-CTE | |
|---|---|
| Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo | Ukudideka okukhulu |
| Ukuziphatha okungahleliwe, okungahleliwe | Ubuthakathaka bokwenza izinqumo |
| Ulaka kanye nentukuthelo esheshayo | Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka |
| Ukusola abanye ngokungafanele (ukwesaba) | I-Dementia (ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokucabanga kanye nenkumbulo) |
| Umsebenzi wokuhlela onzima | Ukulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala |
| Imicabango noma imizamo yokuzibulala | Ukungakwazi ukulawula imizwa |
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi enomlando wokulimala ekhanda, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese ukhuluma ngakho.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unalesi sifo?
Ngeshwa, ngobuchwepheshe bamanje, ayikho indlela yokuqinisekisa i-CTE ngokuphelele ngesikhathi umuntu esaphila. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola lesi sifo ngokuqiniseka ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zobuchopho ngemva kokufa (ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu).
Kodwa-ke, udokotela angase asole ukuthi "lokhu kungaba yi-CTE" ngokusekelwe ezimpawini, umlando wesiguli wokulimala ekhanda , kanye nezinye izivivinyo. Ukuze kwenziwe kanjalo, izivivinyo ezinjengalezi zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda ezinye izimo zobuchopho.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan)
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Ukufanekisa kwe-Magnetic Resonance - Ukuskena kwe-MRI)
- Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - ukuskena kwe-PET)
- Ukubhoboza umgogodla / Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar
Abacwaningi okwamanje bathuthukisa izindlela zokuthola i-CTE besaphila, okungaholela ekutholakaleni nasekulashweni kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi esikhathini esizayo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
- Abantu abadlala imidlalo yokuxhumana: Labo abadlala imidlalo efana ne-rugby, ibhola lezinyawo, i-hockey, kanye ne-boxing basengozini enkulu.
- Labo abasenkonzweni yezempi: Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi balimale ekhanda ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa noma enkundleni yempi.
- Abadlali abasebasha nezingane zesikole: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezidlala ezingeni lesikole zingase zibe sengozini enkulu kunabadlali abangochwepheshe.
Khumbula, ubuchopho bomntwana busakhula futhi ngenxa yalokho buzwela kakhulu kunobomuntu omdala. Ngakho-ke, njengabazali, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngokuvikela amakhanda ezingane zethu ngesikhathi semidlalo.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwe-CTE
Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-CTE, futhi lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha nezindlela ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nokwenza impilo ibe lula.
Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha:
- Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kwezinkinga zokuhamba noma ukuhamba.
- Ukwelashwa Kwabasebenzi: Siza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa.
- Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo nolimi: Kwezinkinga zenkumbulo nokukhuluma.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila:
- Gcina amanothi:Uma unezinkinga zenkumbulo, ukusebenzisa ikhalenda noma incwadi yokubhalela kungasiza.
- Yenza isimiso: Ukuba nesimiso esimisiwe sosuku kukunikeza umuzwa wokuzinza.
- Qaphela ukuziphatha okungazelelwe: Qaphela izinto ezifana nokugembula, ukusebenzisa imali ngokungadingekile, notshwala, njengoba kungaholela ekubeni umlutha.
- Prakthiza amasu okuzola: Izinto ezifana nokuphefumula okujulile nokuzindla zingakusiza ukulawula imizwa yakho.
- Lala kahle: Ukulala ngokwanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ku-CTE ukunciphisa ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha abadlala imidlalo.
- Gqoka imishini yokuphepha efanele: Gqoka imishini efana nezigqoko zokuvikela ngosayizi ofanele kanye nofanayo.
- Funda indlela efanele: Prakthiza ukuma okufanele kanye namasu ahlobene nomdlalo.
- Gwema ubudlova obungadingekile: hlonipha imithetho yomdlalo.
- Ungadlali ngokulimala: Uma ulimele ekhanda, ungadlali futhi uze ululame ngokugcwele. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wabaqeqeshi: Kungumthwalo wemfanelo wabaqeqeshi ukunciphisa imikhuba engqubuzanayo.
- Gqoka amabhande esihlalo: Gqoka amabhande esihlalo njalo ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ekhanda ezingozini zezimoto.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-CTE yisifo sobuchopho esibi, sesikhathi eside esibangelwa ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe.
- Izimpawu zivame ukuvela eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kwengozi. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, izinguquko zokuziphatha kanye nokucindezeleka.
- Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo, futhi kubalulekile ukuvikela ikhanda lakho ngesikhathi semidlalo kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enezimpawu ze-CTE kanye nomlando wokulimala ekhanda, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
- Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala noma ucabanga ukulimaza abanye, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
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