Uma kuqala isizini yemvula, ukwesaba okufika engqondweni yethu yi-
'leptospirosis '. Ngisho noma othile endlini enomkhuhlane ophakeme noma eqala ukuzizwa egula, siyakhathazeka. "Ingabe lokhu kungumkhuhlane ovamile noma i-leptospirosis?" sizibuza. Empeleni lokhu ukwesaba okunengqondo. Ngoba i-leptospirosis yisifo esingaba yingozi uma singelashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini ngempela
i-leptospirosis , ukuthi iqala kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, singazivikela kanjani kuyo.
Iyini i-Leptospirosis?
Kalula nje, i-leptospirosis
igciwane elingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu. Libangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Leptospira)`. Leli gciwane lihlala ezinso zezilwane, ikakhulukazi amagundane, izinja, kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini njengezinkomo. Lezi zilwane zingase zingabi nazimpawu, kodwa zingaba ngabathwali balesi sifo. Uma lezi zilwane zichama, amabhaktheriya akulowo mchamo angena enhlabathini nasemanzini. Cabanga ngegundane lichama echibini elinodaka engadini yakho. Uma uhamba ungagqokile izicathulo kulawo manzi,
ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane emlenzeni wakho kungangenisa leli gciwane emzimbeni wakho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lesi sifo singadluliselwa futhi uma amanzi angcolile engena emzimbeni wakho ngekhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uthola isimungumungwane, abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ezincane njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba . Lokhu kuvame ukuphela phakathi nesonto. Kodwa-ke, cishe kubantu abayi-10%, lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikaWeil . Kulesi simo, izimo ezimbi kakhulu ezifana ne-jaundice, ukwehluleka kwezinso , kanye nomonakalo wamaphaphu zingavela, futhi kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi sifo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ikakhulukazi labo abachitha isikhathi nezilwane noma ngaphandle, emasimini, noma eduze kwamanzi.
- Abalimi: Ngoba bahlala bebhekene namanzi anodaka lapho besebenza emasimini.
- Odokotela bezilwane: Ngoba basebenza nezilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Abahlanzi bamapayipi kanye nabavukuzi: Ngoba bavezwa emanzini nasenhlabathini engcolile.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula: Ngoba ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, amanzi angcolile agcwala yonke indawo.
- Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokukhosela izilwane.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwe kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye, kodwa kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokudluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokocansi noma ukuncelisa.
Izimpawu kanye nezigaba ezimbili zomkhuhlane wamagundane
Izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-dengue zibonakala zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini amabili ngemva kokungena kwamagciwane emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingase zingaveli kuze kube yinyanga. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo. Ake sikubheke ngale ndlela ukuze kube lula ukukuqonda.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izimpawu okufanele uzilindele |
|---|
| Isigaba sokuqala (isigaba se-Leptospiremic) yisikhathi lapho amabhaktheriya ejikeleza egazini. | |
| Isigaba sesibili (isigaba sokuzivikela komzimba) yisikhathi lapho amagciwane ethinta khona izitho zomzimba. | - Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice)
- Imiphumela ezinso (ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo)
- Izinkinga zamaphaphu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela igazi)
- Izimpawu ze-Meningitis (ikhanda elibuhlungu, intamo eqinile)
- Ukopha kwangaphakathi emzimbeni
|
Njengoba lezi zimpawu zifana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-dengue kanye ne-influenza, kubaluleke kakhulu
ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha kunokuzama ukuzixilonga wena .
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa
Uma ubona udokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi okungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nazo (isib., wake wasebenza emasimini noma wahlaselwa yizikhukhula) bese eyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Lesi yisilingo esiyinhloko, esibheka
(antibodies) akhiqizwa ngumzimba wakho ngokumelene namagciwane. - Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Hlola amagciwane emchameni.
- Ezinye izivivinyo: Uma isifo sibi kakhulu, kungadingeka i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo esithweni somzimba.
Ngenxa yokuthi umkhuhlane wamagundane uwukutheleleka ngamagciwane, welashwa ngama
-antibiotic (isib. i-
Doxycycline , i-Penicillin).
Isexwayiso: Ungathathi ama-antibiotics ngengozi yakho ekhemisi noma kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela, nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthatha umuthi ofanele, ngesilinganiso esifanele, ngesikhathi esifanele.
Esimweni esivamile somkhuhlane wamagundane, ungalulama ngokuthatha umuthi owunikezwe udokotela bese uphumula. Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kungadingeka zilaliswe esibhedlela, zinikezwe ama-antibiotic ngemithambo yegazi, futhi zelashwe ngezinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, ungangeniswa e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungazivikela kanjani kumkhuhlane wamagundane?
Bathi, “Kungcono ukuvimbela isifo kunokuselapha.” Leso sisho siyiqiniso ngempela ngomkhuhlane. Uma silandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula, singagwema ingozi enkulu.
- Gwema amanzi angcolile: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, gwema ukubhukuda noma ukudlala emanzini angcolile, njengamanzi anodaka, amanzi okudonsa amanzi, noma amanzi ezikhukhula.
- Gqoka izicathulo eziphephile: Uma kufanele udlule ensimini, exhaphozini, noma ezikhukhuleni, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izicathulo eziphephile, njengezihlangu ezifika emadolweni .
- Mboza amanxeba: Ungazicwilisi emanzini angcolile ngaphandle kokuthi une-plaster engangeni manzi yokuvala noma yimiphi imihuzuko noma amanxeba emzimbeni wakho.
- Lawula amagundane: Gcina ikhaya lakho nendawo ezungezile ihlanzekile. Gcina ukudla kuvaliwe kahle. Ngale ndlela ungalawula amagundane ukuthi angangeni ekhaya lakho.
- Nakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Nikeza isilwane sakho umuthi wokugomela isifo samarabi njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wezilwane.
- Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile: Gwema ukuphuza amanzi avela emithonjeni engaziwa. Phuza njalo amanzi abilisiwe noma asemabhodleleni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Leptospirosis yisifo esibi esibangelwa amagciwane adluliselwa ngamanzi noma enhlabathini engcoliswe umchamo wezilwane.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu, izinhlungu zomzimba (ikakhulukazi embotsheni), kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu yizimpawu zokuqala eziyinhloko.
- Uma uke waba sendaweni eyingozi, njengezindawo ezinodaka noma ezigcwele amanzi, futhi lezi zimpawu zivela, bona udokotela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Ungalokothi uzihlole bese uthenga imithi ekhemisi. Kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukugqoka izicathulo zokuzivikela, ukumboza amanxeba, nokulawula amagundane kungasiza ekuvikeleni kulesi sifo.
- Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, umkhuhlane wamagundane uyisifo esingalapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic.
I-Leptospirosis, Izifo Zesikhathi Semvula, Izifo Ezithwalwa Yizilwane, Izimpawu ze-Leptospirosis, Ukuvimbela i-Leptospirosis, Isifo sikaWeil
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