Kwenzekani kuma-valve enhliziyo yakho? Ake sixoxe ngesifo se-valve yenhliziyo!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele? Noma ukuthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngisho noma uhamba kancane? Mhlawumbe uzizwa ushaya ngendlela engavamile noma ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga ngama-valve asebenza njengeminyango emincane enhliziyweni yakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi sifo se-valve yenhliziyo . Ungakhathazeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Siyini Isifo Se-Heart Valve?

Kalula nje, isifo se-valve yenhliziyo yisimo lapho i-valve eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enhliziyweni yakho ingasebenzi kahle. Lawa ma-valve afana neminyango. Asiza ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Lapho inhliziyo yethu ishaya, izingxenye ezithambile ezifana ne-flap (ezibizwa ngokuthi 'amapheshana') kulawa ma-valve ziyavuleka futhi zivumele igazi ligeleze phambili. Bese kuthi, phakathi nengxenye yesibili yokushaya kwenhliziyo, lawa mapheshana ayavala futhi avimbe igazi ukuthi lingagelezi emuva.

Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma la ma-valve engasebenzi kahle? Ukugeleza kwegazi kungaphazamiseka, futhi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima. Uma ingelashwa, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu futhi sibe yingozi empilweni. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle. Ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho angalungisa noma ashintshe la ma-valve ngenqubo engangenisi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Yiziphi izivimbi ezine enhliziyweni yakho?

Kunezivikelo ezine eziyinhloko enhliziyweni yethu. Lezi yizi:

• I-valve ye-Mitral: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-atrium yesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yesobunxele.
• I-valve ye-Tricuspid: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
• I-valve ye-aorta: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele ne-aorta.
• I-valve yamaphaphu: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-ventricle yesokudla kanye nomthambo wamaphaphu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke la ma-valve asebenze kahle, ukuze igazi likwazi ukugeleza kahle emzimbeni wethu wonke.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ze-valve yenhliziyo?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathinteka ama-valve angaphezu kweyodwa.

I-Stenosis

Yilapho amapheshana evalvu eba makhulu futhi aqine, anciphise isikhala lapho ivalvu ivuleka khona. Cabanga ngakho njengepayipi lamanzi elivalekile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amanzi ageleze. Ukuncipha okuncane kungase kungabi namphumela omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ivalvu iba mncane kakhulu (yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi 'i-stenotic'), ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuyaphazamiseka, futhi kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Lokhu kunganciphisa inani legazi elifinyelela emzimbeni wonke.

Ukuhlanza noma ukuvuza kwe-valve

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'ukungapheleli', futhi abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuthi 'i-valve evuzayo.' Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amapheshana e-valve awavali kahle. Bese igazi liphinde livuze. Kufana nokuthi uma umnyango ungavali kahle, ubuyela ohlangothini oluvaliwe. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo iphompe ngamandla ngalelo gazi elengeziwe. Kunganciphisa nenani legazi eliya emzimbeni wonke.

Ukwehla kwesisindo

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-valve ye-mitral. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amapheshana e-valve eba nezimo kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi avuza aye ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele lapho inhliziyo ishaya. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akunangozi, kodwa kwabanye abantu, kungabangela ukuphinda kuqhume.

I-Atresia

I-Valvular atresia yisimo lapho ivalvu yenhliziyo ingakheki khona noma ingavuli lapho kuzalwa. Odokotela bavame ukukubona lokhu besebancane kakhulu, esikhathini sokuzalwa kwengane.

Sivame kangakanani isifo se-valve yenhliziyo?

E-United States, cishe u-2.5% wabantu, okusho inani elikhulu labantu abadala, banalezi zifo ze-valve yenhliziyo. Kuthiwa abantu ababalelwa ku-27,000 bayafa ngenxa yalokhu minyaka yonke. I-Mitral valve prolapse ingenye yezimo ezivame kakhulu. Lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu naseSri Lanka.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo?

Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-valve yenhliziyo ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoba isimo siba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela njengoba inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima.

Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zici:

• Ukukhathala: Mhlawumbe lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala ozosizwa.
• Ukuphefumula okwandayo: Ikakhulukazi uma wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi womzimba, njengokuhamba noma ukukhwela izitebhisi.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo esifubeni, umuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo iyama futhi ishaya ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema): Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala, imilenze, noma isisu.
• Ubuthakathaka noma isiyezi.
• Ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ikakhulukazi uma ukhathele.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izimbangela zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo?

Kunezimbangela ezahlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela esifweni se-valve yenhliziyo. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Umkhuhlane we-rheumatic: Isimo esibangelwa umphimbo obuhlungu ongalashwanga.
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo .
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ( uma uphezulu kakhulu).
• Izinkinga zokuzalwa: Isibonelo, ivalvu yamaphaphu noma ye-aorta engakhuli kahle.
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izicubu ze-valve ziba buthaka noma zingasebenzi kahle ngenxa ye-calcium deposits (calcification).
• I-Thracic aortic aneurysm: Lokhu kuwukwanda kwe-aorta. Amapheshana e-aortic valve anganwebeka futhi avuza.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo, isibonelo i-infective endocarditis.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge -lupus .
• Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne- Marfan syndrome .

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Kukhona nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola isifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Lezi yizi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi (ukubhema).
• Ukudla ukudla okungenamsoco.
• Ukuntuleka komsebenzi womzimba.
• Ukuba nezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.
• Ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker noma i-defibrillator (ICD).
• Ukuba yindoda (amadoda asengozini enkulu kancane kunabesifazane).
• Ukuguga.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma isifo se-valve singelashwa kahle, izinkinga ezinjengalezi zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
• Amahlule egazi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yamaphaphu (i-pulmonary hypertension).
• Isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukufa ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo).

Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma unezimpawu bese uqala ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo sitholakala kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela, ngezinye izikhathi bangathola izimpawu zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba. Isibonelo:

• Bayahlola ukuthi kukhona yini uketshezi oluqongelelekayo emaphashini.
• Hlola ukuthi inhliziyo ikhulisiwe yini.
• Ukububula kwenhliziyo umsindo ongajwayelekile ozwakala nge-stethoscope. Kungase kubonise igazi eligeleza nge-valve encishisiwe noma evuzayo.
• Amaqakala abukeka evuvukele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Ngokuphinda lezi zivivinyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi isimo sakho sishintsha kanjani futhi enze izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo se-valve singaba sibi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basinikeza isigaba. Siqala ngo-A bese siphela ngo-D. U-D uyisigaba esinzima kakhulu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga isifo se-valve yenhliziyo:

• I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - i-ultrasound yenhliziyo):Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka idivayisi ephathwa ngesandla ('induku') ebusweni besifuba nokusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha isithombe esinyakazayo senhliziyo. Kufana nokuskena kwengane nge-ultrasound.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): Lokhu futhi ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idivayisi encane efana nekhamera ('i-probe ene-transducer') phansi komphimbo wakho bese uyihlola kusukela eduze kakhulu nenhliziyo yakho.
• I-echocardiogram yokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Kulesi sivivinyo, ucelwa ukuba uhambe nge-treadmill noma ugibele ibhayisikili, bese kuhlolwa ama-valve akho nenhliziyo ukuthi ayasebenza yini.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba okusheshayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-catheterization yenhliziyo (i-angiogram): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izithombe ze-X-ray zemithambo yenhliziyo, amakamelo enhliziyo, kanye nama-valve.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG noma i-ECG): Imicu emincane ye-electrode inamathiselwa esikhumbeni bese iqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI): Inhlanganisela yamaza omsakazo kanye ne-magnet ikhiqiza izithombe ezicacile zenhliziyo.

Ziphathwa kanjani izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-valve yenhliziyo kuncike embangela yesifo kanye nezinye izici eziningana. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuvikela ivalvu yakho ekulimaleni okwengeziwe.
• Ukuhlinzeka ngemithi.
• Uma kudingeka, yenza ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo ezingahlaseli.
• Bona udokotela wakho wenhliziyo njalo ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Nakuba umonakalo we-valve yenhliziyo ungenakulungiseka ngokuphelele, inkinga ingelashwa. Ukuthi yelashwa ngemithi, ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa, noma i-valve entsha kunqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana. Lezi yizi:

• Uhlobo lwesifo se-valve.
• Ubunzima bomonakalo.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Ezinye izifo zakho kanye nomlando wezempilo.

Uma ukhulelwe futhi unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo, kungadingeka ukuthi uphumule kakhulu futhi/noma uthathe imithi ethile ephephile enganeni yakho. Uma wazi ngesifo sakho se-valve ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa, uhlolwe uma kudingeka, futhi ubone udokotela wenhliziyo. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungathola ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma unenkinga enkulu ye-valve, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi i-valve yakho ilungiswe noma ishintshwe ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Imithi

Imithi ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele isifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, imithi nendlela yokuphila enempilo ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi inciphise ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukumiswa kwenhliziyo. Eminye imithi ingamiswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-valve, kodwa eminye imithi kumele ithathwe impilo yonke.

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Vimbela ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmias) noma amahlule egazi.
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi noma amazinga e-cholesterol.
• Yelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo.

Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa ngokuhlinzwa

Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo siyinkinga ngokuvulwa noma ukuvalwa kwe-valve flaps, futhi ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe i-valve yakho. Ezinye izingane ezinezinkinga ze-valve yokuzalwa nazo zidinga ukuhlinzwa zisencane.

Ngokuvamile, udokotela ohlinzayo kanye nodokotela wenhliziyo bayazi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlinzwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza isinqumo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ngemva kokubona i-valve ngokoqobo.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela benza ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve kanye nokunye ukuhlinzwa (isibonelo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-atrial fibrillation) ukuze belaphe ngokuphelele isifo senhliziyo.

Ukulungiswa kwamavalvu enhliziyo kuvumela udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ukuthi alungise ivalvu yakho enephutha, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izingxenye zokwenziwa. Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, uma ivalvu yakho ye-mitral inciphile, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ibhaluni elise-catheter ukuze andise ivalvu ( i-valvuloplasty ). Noma bangenza okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi i-annuloplasty ukulungisa noma ukuqinisa indandatho ezungeze ivalvu ukuze ivalvu ivaleke kahle.

Izinzuzo zokulungiswa kwama-valve:

• Ingozi yokutheleleka iphansi.
• Asikho isidingo esincane sokuthatha imithi yokwehlisa igazi impilo yonke.
• Amandla kanye nokusebenza kwemisipha yenhliziyo kuyalondolozwa.

Uma ivalvu ingenakulungiseka, odokotela abahlinzayo kuzodingeka bayishintshe. Ukufaka ivalvu yenhliziyo yakho esikhundleni sayo kusho ukususa ivalvu yakho endala bese uthunga entsha esikhundleni sevalvu endala. Ivalvu entsha ingaba ngeyomshini noma yebhayoloji (eyenziwe ngezicubu zomuntu, zenkomo, noma zengulube). Uma ukulungiswa kungenzeki, lawa mavalvu amasha angenza umsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngohlobo lwevalvu onayo, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imithi yokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi noma ufake ivalvu entsha njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15.

Kuye ngohlobo lwenkinga ye-valve kanye nezinye izimo zakho zezokwelapha, ungaseKungase kwenzeke futhi ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni ivalvu engangenisi kakhulu.

Izinkinga zokwelashwa

Abantu asebekhulile kanye nalabo abanezinkinga zempilo ezingaphansi basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni kokushintsha ama-valve.

Lezi zinkinga, nakuba zingavamile ukubulala, azivamile ukubulala. Ziyi:

• Izifo.
• I-fibrillation ye-atrial noma esinye isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile.
• Ukopha.
• Ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma i-ischemic yesikhashana (TIA).

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ngemva kwalokho, kungathatha cishe amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukuthi ululame ngokugcwele. Udokotela wakho angakuthumela e-cardiac rehab , uhlelo oluqashwe ngokucophelela olukusiza ukuthi ululame.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yesifo senhliziyo?

Nakuba ezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokuguga, zingenakuguqulwa, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Phatha izifo ngokushesha.
• Ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
• Ukugcina isisindo sakho siphilile.
• Uma une-high blood pressure kanye/noma i-cholesterol ephezulu, qhubeka uthatha imithi oyinikezwe ngudokotela.
• Ukungayisebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Ukugwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifakwa ngemithambo yegazi (imithi ye-IV), ezikhulisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo.

Ungayivikela kanjani ivalvu yakho ekulimaleni okwengeziwe?

Uma unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo, buza udokotela wakho ngengozi yakho eyengeziwe yokuthola ukutheleleka okubizwa ngokuthi i-infective endocarditis . Lokhu kutheleleka kungalimaza noma kubhubhise ama-valve enhliziyo yakho, futhi kungakubulala. Le ngozi ikhona noma ngabe uke wahlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe i-valve yakho. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuvimbela i-infective endocarditis:

• Tshela odokotela bakho nodokotela bamazinyo ukuthi unesifo se-valve.
• Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka.
• Nakekela kahle amazinyo nezinsini zakho.
• Buza udokotela wakho wenhliziyo uma udinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma okuncane, noma ukuhlolwa okungafuneki.

Yini ongayilindela uma uphila nesifo se-valve yenhliziyo?

Uma unesifo se-valve yenhliziyo, sizohlala nawe impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa indlela obhekana ngayo nalesi sifo incike ekutheni iyiphi i-valve ethintekile kanye nobukhulu benkinga.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nesifo se-valve kodwa bangabi nazo izimpawu. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu eziningi futhi kungadingeka ukuthi i-valve yabo ilungiswe noma ishintshwe. Ngisho noma udokotela wakho elungisa noma eshintsha i-valve yakho, kungadingeka uqhubeke uthatha imithi futhi mhlawumbe ufake i-valve entsha futhi eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela njalo ukuze aqaphe inqubekela phambili yesifo sakho se-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Qhubeka uthatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho. Futhi uye kuzo zonke izikhathi zokulandelela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kuzodingeka ubonane nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo yakho asebenza kahle. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ube nalezi zikhathi zokuqokwa kangaki. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi wenze izivivinyo, njenge-echocardiogram, futhi.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zivela njalo, bona udokotela wakho kuqala. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma une-endocarditis ethelelanayo.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo, kufanele ushayele u-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yendawo:

• I-Syncope - ukulahlekelwa ingqondo.
• Umkhuhlane noma ukubanda.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu noma uhudo.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esingaphezu kwama-beats angu-150 ngomzuzu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuba ndikindiki engalweni noma emlenzeni ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula obungapheli ngisho noma uphumule.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (okubomvu kancane).
• Indle emnyama noma igazi elibomvu elikhanyayo elinendle.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zizongisiza?
• Yimiphi imisebenzi yomzimba ephephile kimi?
• Ngingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani ngokomzimba ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Ekugcineni, khumbula

Kungase futhi kube impumuzo ukwazi ukuthi ukukhathala kwakho kanye nokuphelelwa umoya akuyona nje into evamile yokuguga, kodwa kungaba yinkinga nge-valve yakho yenhliziyo. Izindaba ezinhle mayelana nezinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo ukuthi zingaphathwa ngemithi kanye/noma ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngezinketho ezingcono kakhulu kuwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udokotela wakho uncoma luphi ukwelashwa, ungazisiza ngokuhlala usebenza ngokomzimba, udle ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo, futhi ugweme imikhiqizo kagwayi. Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela futhi ugcine yonke imihlangano yakho. Awuwedwa, futhi kukhona odokotela nabathandekayo abangakusiza kulolu hambo.

'Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo, ama-valve enhliziyo, izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, impilo yenhliziyo, ukulungiswa kwama-valve, ukushintshwa kwama-valve