Singagula yini ngenxa yezilwane zethu esizithandayo? Ake sixoxe ngezifo ezibangelwa yizilwane ezifuywayo!

Unayo yini injana enhle, ikati, noma inyoni ekhaya? Mhlawumbe usebenza epulazini futhi uchitha izinsuku zakho nezilwane ezinjengezinkomo, izimbuzi, nezinkukhu. Eqinisweni, izilwane ziyingxenye esondelene kakhulu nezimpilo zethu. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilwane ezithandekayo zingadlulisela izifo ezahlukahlukene kithi? Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko namuhla. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi `(Izifo ze-Zoonotic)` noma izifo ezivela ezilwaneni.

Ziyini lezi zifo ezibangelwa yizilwane ezizalwa?

Kalula nje, "Izifo ze-Zoonotic" yizifo ezithelelanayo ezingasakazeka phakathi kwezilwane (ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinomgogodla - izilwane ezinomgogodla oqinile, njengezinkomo, izimvu, amagundane, izinja, amakati, amalulwane, izinyoni) kanye nabantu. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zinezinhlelo zomzimba ezifanayo nezethu, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingazivumelanisa nokuphila kuzo zombili.

Cabanga ngakho, kunezifo zezilwane ezingadluliselwa kuphela zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu, kodwa hhayi zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Ezinye izifo, njenge-Ebola, zingadluliselwa zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu, bese zisakazekela kubantu, okubangela ubhubhane. Kunezinye izifo, njenge-HIV ne-COVID-19, eziqala zivela ezilwaneni ziye kubantu, bese ziguquka zibe zisakazekela kubantu kuphela. Uma lokho kwenzeka, siyeka ukuzibiza ngokuthi izifo ze-zoonotic, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zalezo zifo zingase zibe khona ezilwaneni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zalezi zifo zezilwane?

Eqinisweni, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba.
• Izilonda zesikhumba noma ukuqubuka.
• Uhudo.
• Ukuhlanza.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu oxhumana nezilwane, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kungani sithola lezi zifo zezilwane? Ziyini izimbangela?

Izifo ze-Zoonotic zingabangelwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Amabhaktheriya: Lawa amagciwane amancane, aneseli elilodwa. Avame ukukhiqiza ubuthi, okuyibo obusenza sigule.
• Izimbungulu: Lezi zingaba yizibungu ezidla izimbungulu, noma zingaba yizinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa njenge-protozoa.
• Amagciwane: Lawa ama-particle amancane kakhulu aqukethe ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Asebenzisa amaseli ethu ukuze enze amakhophi awo.
• Isikhunta: Lezi fungi zibangela izifo ezifana ne-eczema.
• AmaPrions:Leli kungaba igama elisha kuwe. Lezi uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni olungalimaza ubuchopho.

Iningi lamagciwane ahlala ohlotsheni olulodwa lwezinto eziphilayo – abantu, izilwane ezithile, izitshalo, noma ezinye izinto ezincane. Kodwa amagciwane abangela "izifo ze-zoonotic" angathelela abantu kanye nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla. Noma, amagciwane kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni ayevalelwe ohlotsheni oluthile lwesilwane, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuye kwawavumela ukuba "agxumele" kubantu.

Iningi lalezi zifo zezilwane libangelwa amagciwane, izimuncagazi, noma amagciwane.

Ama-Zoonoses e-Bacterial

Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• `(I-Anthrax)` (I-Anthrax)
• `(Brucellosis)` (Brucellosis)
• `(Isifo sokuklwebheka kwekati)`
• `(Isifo seLyme)` (Isifo seLyme)
• `(I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae)`
• `(Isifo)` (Ubhubhane)
• `(Psittacosis)` (Umkhuhlane we-parrot)
• `(Umkhuhlane we-Q)` (Umkhuhlane we-Q)
• `(Salmonella)` (Salmonella - mhlawumbe uke wakuzwa lokhu kaningi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokudla)
• `(I-Tularemia)`
• `(Isifo Sofuba)` (Isifo Sofuba - Lokhu kungadluliselwa futhi kusuka ezilwaneni)

Izifo zezilwane ezibangelwa yizinambuzane (ama-Parasitic Zoonoses)

Izibonelo zalokhu:

• `(I-Cryptosporidiosis)`
• I-Echinococcosis (isibonelo isifo se-hydatid)
• `(I-Giardiasis)`
• `(I-Liver fluke)` (Izimpethu zesibindi)
• `(Umalaleveva)` (Umalaleveva - udluliselwa omiyane, kodwa uvela ezilwaneni)
• `(Taeniasis)` (isifo sezimpethu ezidluliselwa ngengulube, inyama yenkomo, njll.)
• `(I-Toxoplasmosis)` (Lokhu kungadluliselwa kaningi ngendle yamakati, omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele kakhulu)
• `(I-Trichinosis)`

Izifo Zokuzala Ezibangelwa Yigciwane

Izibonelo zalokhu:

• `(Umkhuhlane wezinyoni)` (umkhuhlane wezinyoni)
• `(I-Ebola)` (I-Ebola)
• `(Igciwane le-Nipah)` (Igciwane le-Nipah - Lokhu kubikwa nokuthi kusakazeke ngamalulwane esifundeni sethu)
• `(Isifo segciwane iMarburg)`
• `(Mpox)` (eyayibizwa nangokuthi i-monkeypox)
• `(Amarabi)` (Amarabi - Lesi yisifo esibulalayo okufanele sonke siqaphele)

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezifana ne -ringworm , ezibangelwa yi -fungi , kanye nesifo se-Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) , ezibangelwa yi -prions (ebizwa nangokuthi "isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo"), zingadluliselwa kubantu zisuka ezilwaneni.

Sizithola kanjani lezi zifo zezilwane?

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene esingazithola ngazo lezi zifo. Lezi yizi:

• Ngokuthintana noketshezi lomzimba (igazi, umchamo, indle, amathe, njll.) lwezilwane ezinegciwane. Cabanga ngokuhlanza isilwane sakho uma sigula, noma ukwelapha inxeba lesilwane sasepulazini.
• Ngokulunywa noma ukuklwejwa yizilwane ezinegciwane. Uma ulunywa noma ukuklwejwa yisilwane esinjengenja, ikati, noma inkawu, kudingeka uqaphele.
• Ngokuluma izinambuzane ezifana namakhizane, omiyane, kanye nezimpukane. Lezi zinambuzane zingaluma isilwane esinalesi sifo bese zisithelela ngalesi sifo.
• Ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle.
• Ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile (noma ukudla ukudla okuhlanziwe kulawo manzi).

Okubalulekile: Ngezinye izikhathi singase sibhekane nalezi zinto singaqapheli. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala sihlanzekile futhi silandele imikhuba ephephile.

Hlobo luni lwezilwane ezidlulisela lezi zifo?

Eqinisweni, cishe noma yisiphi isilwane singathwala lezi zifo zezilwane. Isibonelo:

• Amalulwane
• Izinyoni
• Amakati
• Inyamazane
• Izinja
• Izilwane zasepulazini (njengezinkomo, izingulube, izimvu)
• Izilwane ezingezona ezomuntu, njengezinkawu nezinkawu
• Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezifana namagundane, onogwaja, kanye nama-moles (Amagundane)

Kunezilwane eziningi ezinjengalezi ezisizungezile, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi siqaphele.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo zezilwane?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola lezi zifo. Lezi yizi:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwane njengomsebenzi noma umdlalo (isib. odokotela bezilwane, abasebenzi basemapulazini, abagcini bezilwane).
• Abantu abazingela, abalungisa, noma abadla inyama yezilwane zasendle.
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib., abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba).

Uma uwela kulesi sigaba, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha.

Odokotela bazixilonga kanjani lezi zifo zezilwane?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga lezi zifo ngokuhlola amasampula ezicutshini zomzimba wakho noma uketshezi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Isampula yegazi `(Igazi)`
• Isampula yendle `(Indle)`
• Isampula yesikhwehlela (i-phlegm evela emaphashini)
• I-mucus swab (isampula ye-mucus ethathwe ekhaleni noma emphinjeni)

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho kungadingeka enze nokuhlolwa kwezithombe, njenge-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zifo zezilwane?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lokutheleleka onalo. Ayikho imithi ethile yesifo ngasinye sezilwane. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezivame ukusetshenziswa:

• Ama-antibiotic: Izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane zingelapheka, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi.
• Ama-antiviral: Le mithi inikezwa ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Ama-Antifungal: Ama-cream noma amaphilisi anikezwa izifo zesikhunta ezifana ne-eczema.
• Imithi yokulwa nezimuncagazi: Le mithi ingelapha izifo eziningi ezibangelwa yizimuncagazi.
• Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal:Lezi zisetshenziselwa ezinye izifo okunzima ukuzelapha, njenge-Ebola.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ezinye izimuncagazi zibanga ama-cyst emzimbeni adinga ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukugoma kanye ne-immune globulin: Cabanga nje, uma ulunywa noma uklwejwa yisilwane osola ukuthi singase sibe namarabi, odokotela abalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu. Bazokunikeza umuthi wokugoma amarabi ngokushesha futhi bafake into ebizwa ngokuthi i-human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) enxebeni ukuze bavimbele ukutheleleka.

Ingabe lezi zifo zezilwane zingaba yingozi?

Yebo, ezinye izifo zezilwane zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongele impilo. Imfiva ebangelwa ukopha okubangelwa yigciwane, njenge-Ebola ne-Marburg, inezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Amarabi cishe ahlala ebulala uma izimpawu zivela. Kodwa-ke, izifo eziningi zezilwane ziyalapheka futhi azivamile ukubulala. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Singazivikela kanjani kulezi zifo zezilwane?

Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulezi zifo:

• Ukugonywa: Kunemigomo yezifo ezithile ezifana ne-`(Mpox)`, `(Rabies)`, `(Ebola)`. Uma useqenjini elisengozini, ukuthola le migomo kuzokunikeza isivikelo. Kodwa-ke, ayikho imigomo yazo zonke izifo zezilwane.
• Zivikele ekulunyweni yizinambuzane: Gqoka amahembe namabhulukwe anemikhono emide, bese usebenzisa isixosha omiyane esine-DEET. Zihlole wena nezilwane zakho ezifuywayo ukuthi azinazo yini izimpukane ngemva kokuba ngaphandle. Xhumana nodokotela wezilwane ukuze uvikele izilwane ezifuywayo ezimpukaneni nasezimpukaneni.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​uma uphatha izilwane (eziphilayo noma ezifile): Ungalokothi uthinte isilwane sasendle ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho. Ngisho noma ugqoka amagilavu, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokuphatha izilwane.
• Landela imikhuba yokuphepha kokudla: Pheka inyama kahle. Hlanza njalo izandla, izindawo, kanye nezitsha kahle ngemva kokulungisa ukudla. Gwema ukuphuza noma ukusebenzisa amanzi angakahlanzwa ukulungisa ukudla. Gwema ukuphuza ubisi olungakaphekwanga noma ukudla ukudla okwenziwe ngobisi olunjalo.
• Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-Ebola, sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela (njengemaski yobuso, izibuko, i-apron, amagilavu) lapho unakekela umuntu onegciwane. Gwema ukuthinta uketshezi lomzimba wakhe, futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle uma uthintana naye, noma ngabe ugqoke amagilavu. Gwema ukuthinta noma yini ethintene noketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile.
• Gwema ukudla inyama yehlathi.
• Zama ukugwema ukulunywa noma ukuklwejwa yizilwane. Uma ulunywe noma ukuklwejwa yisilwane (ikakhulukazi amalulwane, izinja, amakati) esingase sibe namarabi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usebenza nezilwane noma usengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zezilwane, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho futhi akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ukuhlanza noma uhudo olunzima.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Ukopha okungavamile.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sizithanda kangakanani izilwane, kusadingeka siqaphele kancane ngoba zingasidlulisela izifo. Izifo eziningi esixoxe ngazo kulesi sihloko zingelapheka uma zitholakale futhi zelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezinjalo, ulandele imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka, futhi uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, ungachithi isikhathi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Masigcine izilwane zethu esizithandayo ziphilile, futhi masihlale siphilile!

Izifo zezilwane, Izifo zezilwane, Izifo ezithwalwa yizilwane, Ukutheleleka, Impilo, Ukuphepha, Izimpawu