Yɛn nipadua wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa! Momma yensua homeostasis a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ho ade kɛkɛ.

So woasusuw nneɛma pii a ɛkɔ so daa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho pɛn? Bere a yennim mpo, sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no betumi ayɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ biribiara kari pɛ. Saa kari pɛ no ne nea adwene a ɛne sɛ ``Homeostasis'' a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no kyerɛ. Te sɛ nea kar betumi atu mmirika yiye no, ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɛka ho nyinaa yɛ nea ɛfata.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Homeostasis?

Asɛmfua ``Homeostasis`` no fi Hela nsɛmfua abien mu. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ``ɛyɛ pɛ'' ne ``sɛ wobɛkɔ so ayɛ dinn.'' Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, homeostasis yɛ adeyɛ a nipadua no fa so kura ne mu nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu – te sɛ ɔhyew ne oxygen dodow – wɔ dodow a ɛkɔ so daa mu . Te sɛ ``thermostat`` a ɛhwɛ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ yɛn fie so no, yɛn nipadua no bɔ mmɔden bere nyinaa sɛ ɛbɛma biribiara ayɛ ``nea ɛfata''.

Susuw sɛnea kari pɛ ho hia no ho. Sɛ biribi dɔɔso dodo a, ɔhaw ahorow sɔre, ɛnte saa? Sɛ nhwɛso no, nsu ho hia ma nkwa. Nanso sɛ wonom nsuo pii prɛko pɛ a, tebea a ɛyɛ hu te sɛ `( Hyponatremia )` betumi aba. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ oxygen ho. Sɛ wokɔ so home oxygen a ɛho tew a, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `( Oxygen toxicity )` betumi aba na ebetumi akum obi. Ɛno nti na kari pɛ wɔ nipadua yi mu ho hia kɛse no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa adeyɛ a ɛma homeostasis yi ba?

Saa homeostasis adeyɛ yi si ara kwa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Te sɛ kɔmputa so dwumadi bi. Yɛn amemene no fã titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Hypothalamus'' na ɛhwɛ so. Eyi si wɔ akwan titiriw abien so:

• Adwinnade a wɔde ma nsɛm a enye
• Adwinnade a wɔde ma mmuae pa

Dɛn ne nsɛm a wɔka a enye?

Asɛmfua ‘negative’ a ɛwɔ ha no nkyerɛ ‘bɔne’, ɛnte saa? Nea eyi kyerɛ ne sɛ, sɛ yɛn nipadua te nsakrae bi nka (i.e., nsakrae a ɛboro nea ɛfata so) a, nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛdan saa nsakrae a yɛmpɛ no anaasɛ ɛbɛtew so . Te sɛ `AC` a ɛwɔ ofie bi mu no ara pɛ. Sɛ dan no mu yɛ hyew a, `AC` no sɔ na ɛma dan no mu yɛ nwini. Sɛ dan no mu yɛ nwini a, `AC` no dum. Homeostasis akwan pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no gyina saa `(Negative feedback)` yi so.

Sɛ yɛde nhwɛso kakraa bi bɛma a:

• Mogya mmoroso : Wo mogya mmoroso hwɛ mogya a ɛkɔ wo ti so no so na ɛmma tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam no nhyia. Sɛ nhyɛso no kɔ soro a, wo nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛtew so, na sɛ ɛso tew a, ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma ayɛ kɛse.
• Nipadua mu hyew: Sɛ wo ho yɛ hyew dodo a, wo ho fifiri ma wo ho dwo. Sɛ awɔw wom a, wo ho popo na ama wo ho ayɛ wo hyew. Wɔfrɛ eyi `ɔhyew homeostasis`.
• Nipadua mu nsu a wobɛnom: Sɛ wonom nsu pii a, ebehia sɛ wotɔ wo ho mpɛn pii, ɛnte saa? Yi saa nsu a ɛboro so no fi hɔ.
• Oxygen dodow: Sɛ woyɛ nnam (e.g., mmirikatu) a, wo koma bɔ ne wo home kɔ soro na ama woadi oxygen a wohia a ɛkɔ soro no ho dwuma. Eyinom san kɔ sɛnea na ɛte kan bere a woagye w’ahome no. Eyi yɛ ɔhome ne mogya mu homeostasis ho nhwɛso.

Dɛn ne nsɛm pa a wɔka kyerɛ?

`(Positive feedback)` Homeostasis ne bere a adeyɛ bi fi ase, ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ den na ɛkɔ so si. Te sɛ bere a wotow sukyerɛmma ketewaa bi fi bepɔw atifi tow fam no, ɛhuruhuruw kɔ fam na ɛbɛyɛ bepɔw kɛse. Saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so kosi sɛ nea ɛde bae mfiase no befi hɔ.

Momma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso ahorow bi:

• Awo: Sɛ awo fi ase a, awotwaa no fi ase trɛw. Afei ntini mu nsɛnkyerɛnne tu kwan kɔ amemene no mu. Amemene no ma hormone bi a wɔfrɛ no Oxytocin fi adi. Saa Oxytocin yi ma awotwaa no twetwe (ɛyaw ba). Bere a awotwaa no trɛw kɔ akyiri no, amemene no ma Oxytocin pii fi mu, na ntini a ɛtwetwe no mu yɛ den. Eyi gyae bere a awotwaa no san ba sɛnea na ɛte kan bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi no.
• Hemostasis: Sɛ wowɔ kuru na mogya retu a, nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu wɔ wo mogya mu no yɛ adwuma na efi ase to kuru no mu. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom wɔne nneɛma afoforo a ɛma mogya tu no nso ‘kasa’ de boa. Wɔde nneɛma pii ka ho wɔ saa kwan yi so kosi sɛ mogya no begyae.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɔfe: Sɛ wunya ɔyare mmoawa anaasɛ woapira a, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ɔfe. Ɔfe te sɛ yɛn nipadua a ɛhyerɛn kanea wɔ beae no. Ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no baabi pɔtee a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ. Na nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a aba mpɔtam hɔ no bɛkɔ so ama ɔfe aba kosi sɛ wobehia mmoa pii.

Dɛn nti na Homeostasis ho hia yɛn saa?

Nokwarem no, yɛrentumi ntra ase a saa homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi nka ho. Na, sɛ wohwɛ yare biara, aduruyɛ tebea biara a, asɛe bi wɔ homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi mu. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ wopira anaasɛ woyare a, wo nipadua no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛsa ne ho yare denam homeostasis akwan yi a ɛsakra no so. Ɛno nti na wunya atiridii bere a woanya ɔyare mmoawa no, na ɛno nti na mogya tu wo bere a woanya kuru a mogya retu wo no.

Tebea horow a enni sabea ba bere a biribi ankɔ yiye na yɛn homeostasis nhyehyɛe no yɛ mmerɛw dodo sɛ yebedi ho dwuma no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mogya mmorosoMogya mmoroso ba bere a nipadua no ntumi nkura mogya mmoroso a ɛfata mu no. Nnompe mu yare ba bere a calcium yera fi nnompe no mu ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea wɔde ka ho no.

Nyarewa bi sɔre efisɛ saa homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, na ɛma tebea no yɛ kɛse. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Allergic reactions: Allergy ba bere a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ n’ade wɔ biribi a ɛnyɛ ahunahuna ankasa ho, na wosusuw sɛ, ‘Eyi yɛ ahunahuna.’ Ebia akisikuru nketenkete bɛyɛ nea ɛhyɛ abufuw ara kwa. Nanso, sɛ adeyɛ no mu yɛ den dodo a, homeostasis no nyinaa betumi abɛyɛ asiane. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa dodow no ara te ɛyaw a emu nyɛ den na wɔn hohoro bere a nwansena keka wɔn nkutoo. Nanso, wɔ obi a ne ho nyɛ no dɛ wɔ wasp awuduru ho no, tebea bi a ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu (anaphylaxis) betumi aba.
• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyinom ba bere a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua no afã horow a ɛte apɔw so no. Sɛ nea wɔde wɔn ani asi so no yɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa opira a, anka mmuae no bɛyɛ nea ɛfata na ɛyɛ papa.
• Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) anaa Sepsis: Mpɛn pii no, sɛnea nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma no mu yɛ den bere a bere kɔ so no, na egyae bere a nea ɛde bae mfiase no afi hɔ no. Nanso, sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ n’ade denneennen dodo sɛ ebefi ase a, adeyɛ no betumi ayɛ nea asiane wom ntɛm ara. Ɛno nti na tebea te sɛ `(CRS)` ne `(Sepsis)` betumi adi awu ntɛmntɛm paa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no boa wɔ homeostasis nhyehyɛe yi mu?

Yɛn nipadua yɛ mfiri a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Nhyehyɛe biara bom yɛ adwuma de kura saa kari pɛ yi mu (`Homeostasis`). Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe atitiriw kakraa bi boa ma eyi ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ntini ahorow no boa wɔ eyi mu?

Wo ntini nhyehyɛe no kari pɛ wɔ ne dwumadi mu denam ntini nketewa abien a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho bɔ abira so. Saa subsystems abien yi yɛ wo autonomic nervous system no afã horow. Wɔne:

• Ntini a ɛma obi nya tema: Eyi ne nea ɛba bere a wowɔ asiane mu de bɔ wo ho ban no. Ɛsan nso yɛ wo ``ko-anaa-guan`` mmuae no ho asodi. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wotaa ɔkraman mpofirim a, wo koma bɔ kɔ soro, wo ho fifiri, w’ani yɛ kɛse... ɛno na ɛreyɛ adwuma saa bere no.
• Parasympathetic nervous system: Eyi ne nea ɛma wo nipadua no dwo. Eyi ne nea ɛho hia kɛse bere a wote nka sɛ wowɔ ahobammɔ na wo ho adwo wo, te sɛ bere a woadi aduan yiye na woagye w’ahome no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnompe nhyehyɛe (nnompe) boa ma homeostasis ba?

Wo nnompe nhyehyɛe no rekɔ so asiesie bere nyinaa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nnompe mu ntini dedaw no mu paapae na nnompe mu ntini foforo ba. Vitamin D ne calcium ho hia na ama saa adeyɛ yi ayɛ adwuma yiye. Nanso, bere a worenyin no, saa nsiesie yi brɛ ase fi awosu mu. Sɛ nnompe mu ntini yera ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea nipadua no betumi ayɛ dompe foforo a, tebea horow te sɛ ``Osteopenia`` anaa ``Osteoporosis`` (nnompe a ɛyera) betumi aba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔhome nhyehyɛe no boa wɔ homeostasis mu?

Wo homeostasis boa ma wokura homeostasis ahorow ahorow mu. Nhwɛso atitiriw abien ne:

• Oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu a wobɛhwɛ so: Ɛno nti na sɛ woreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ (e.g., apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ) a, wohome ntɛmntɛm na emu dɔ no. Nipadua no hia mframa pa pii saa bere no.
• Mogya mu pH (acid-base balance): Wo nipadua de carbon dioxide di dwuma de hwɛ sɛnea wo mogya no pH te (acid-base balance). Mpɛn pii no, yɛn mogya yɛ alkaline kakra, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛne acid bɔ abira. Sɛ wo mogya mu pH kɔ akyiri dodo a, wubetumi anya ɔhome mu acidosis anaa ɔhome mu alkalosis.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na endocrine nhyehyɛe no boa ma homeostasis ba?

Wo endocrine nhyehyɛe (anaasɛ hormone nhyehyɛe, tiawa mu) boa ma homeostasis kɔ so tra nhyehyɛe pii mu. Ade biako nti a ɛte saa ne sɛ endocrine system no yɛ hormone ahorow a ɛho hia paa. Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo. Wobetumi aka akyerɛ yɛn nipadua nhyehyɛe ahorow sɛ wonfi ase anaasɛ wonnyae nneɛma bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, saa nkwaadɔm yi boa ma wodi w’adidi nhyehyɛe, wo nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, ne ɔbarima ne ɔbea awo nhyehyɛe so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ntini nhyehyɛe no boa wɔ homeostasis mu?

Wo ntini nhyehyɛe no de ne ho to homeostasis so na ɛboa wɔ akwan pii so. Nhwɛso biako ne sɛ wo ntini resɛe bere nyinaa na ɛsan kyekye. Na, bere a ɛma ɔhyew ma wo ho yɛ hyew no, ntini nso ho hia yiye ma ɔhyew homeostasis. Saa na ɛba bere a wo ho popo wɔ awɔw mu no.

Awiei koraa no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae! (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Wɔ saa asɛm no mu no, abeawa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Goldilocks a ɔkɔ asono abusua bi fie. Sɛnea na ɔpɛ sɛ biribiara ‘yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ’ no, saa ara na yɛn nipadua yɛ adwuma yiye bere a biribiara kari pɛ no .

Ɛdenam sɛnea saa adeyɛ yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Homeostasis'' yi yɛ adwuma a wobɛte ase so no, wubetumi aboa wo nipadua no ma wanya saa kari pɛ no na akura mu.

Ebia ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛnom nsu pii, akɔ nantew, anaa wobɛnom nnuru de adi ayaresa tebea bi ho dwuma. Saa kari pɛ yi a wubenya na woakura mu no betumi ayɛ asɛnnennen, nanso ebetumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba w’asetra mu.Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wubetumi ayɛ. Hwɛ wo nipadua so, na ɛbɛhwɛ wo!

` Homeostasis, nipadua kari pɛ, nsɛm a enye, nsɛm pa, autoregulation, nipadua nhyehyɛe, akwahosan