Fa no sɛ, wote sakre so. Ɛho nhia sɛ wususuw sɛnea wobɛkari pɛ na woabɔ wo nan ase ho, ɛnte saa? Ɛba ara kwa, ara kwa. Nanso sɛ obi bisa wo nea wudii anwummere aduan Yawda a etwaam no a, ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho kakra na wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkae. Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkae ɔfoforo no bere a wubetumi akae eyi ara kwa? Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ yɛn amemene no wɔ nkae nhyehyɛe abien a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Eyi ne nea yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ saa nkae ahorow abien yi ntam?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yebetumi akyekyɛ yɛn nkaeɛ mu ayɛ no ahodoɔ titire mmienu: Implicit Memory ne Explicit Memory.
Implicit memory yɛ nneɛma a yɛkae ankasa, a yɛmmɔ mmɔden wɔ yɛn adwene mu . Eyinom yɛ nneɛma te sɛ yɛn ahokokwaw ne yɛn suban ahorow. Wɔde eyinom sie yɛn nkae mu a yennim mpo. Ɛte sɛ bere a woreka kar no. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wokɔ ntɛmntɛm a, wotiatia gas no so kɛkɛ. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wugyina a, wotiatia breki no so. Wonsusuw sɛ, "Afei ɛsɛ sɛ metiatia gas no so."
Nhwɛso foforo ne sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛsono sɛnea woyɛ w’ade wɔ asɛm bi ho esiane biribi a asi bere bi a atwam nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu biribi a ɛte saa esiane sɛ woadi kan ahu sini bi a ɛyɛ hu nti.
Ɔkwan foforo so no, Nkae a ɛda adi pefee ne nea yɛkae wɔ nhumu ne adwene mu . Eyi ne ɔkwan a yɛfa so kae nokwasɛm ne nsɛm a esisi. Ɛyɛ saa nkae yi na ɛboa yɛn ma yebua nsɛmmisa te sɛ hena, dɛn, baabi, bere bɛn, ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, nea ebetumi aka eyi ho ne wo maame awoda a wobɛkae, nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ dolphin yɛ mmoa a wɔnom nufu, anaa akwantu bi a wofaa afe a etwaam no ho nsɛm.
Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wobɛfa so akae nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam ne sɛ: Nkae a ɛda adi pefee ne "nim sɛnea wohu" (`nim sɛnea wohu`) . Nkaeɛ a ɛda adi pefee ne "nim sɛ` (`nim sɛ`) .
Nkae a ɛda adi pefee betumi ayera bere a bere kɔ so no. Sɛ woankae wo ho biribi a woasua a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛkae akyiri yi. Nanso nkae a ɛnyɛ nea wɔkae no yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ kɛse. Sɛ woansua no daa mpo a, ɛda so ara wɔ hɔ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebetumi atra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa.
Nneɛma Ahorow a Wɔde Kae Nsɛm a Ɛda Hɔ
Implicit memory, a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no nondeclarative memory no wɔ ahorow atitiriw pii.
Adeyɛ a Wɔde Kae
Eyi ne ɔkwan a wofa so kae sɛnea wobɛyɛ biribi. Sinhala kasa akenkan, asuguare, .Nneɛma te sɛ wo mpaboa hama a wobɛkyekyere no yɛ eyi dea. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wususuw sɛnea wobɛyɛ saa nneɛma yi ho, ɛba ara kwa . Sɛ wusua sakre so tra wie a, ɛbɛyɛ abɔde a ɛto so abien ma wo esiane saa nkae yi nti.
Priming Memory a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Eyi yɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra. Esiane osuahu a woanya wɔ bere bi a atwam no mu nti, wɔkyerɛ mmuae a edi hɔ wɔ ha. Fa no sɛ, mema wo nsɛmfua 3, ‘bath’, ‘clean’, ‘bubbles’. Afei sɛ woka kyerɛ me sɛ memmɔ asɛmfua bi a wɔde nkyerɛwde ‘S’ na efi ase din a, ɛda adi sɛ wobɛkae ‘samina’. Nanso sɛ mema wo ‘aduannoa’, ‘didi’, ‘sɔhwɛ’ na meka kyerɛ wo sɛ bɔ asɛmfua bi a efi ase wɔ nkyerɛwde ‘S’ din a, wobɛkae ‘soup’. Hwɛ sɛnea osuahu a atwam no ka mmuae a edi hɔ no? Ɛno na wɔfrɛ no ``Priming''.
Category Adesua
Eyi ne nea ɛba bere a woakyekyɛ nneɛma mu a wunnim no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wokae nkurɔfo anim adamfofa su. Enti, sɛ mpo wunhuu obi da a, wunim bere a ɔreserew no, "Oyi yɛ adamfofa su." Eyi ne ɔkwan a amemene no boa yɛn ma yɛkyekyɛ nneɛma mu na yɛte ase.
Nkate mu Adesua
Wo nkate nya sɛnea wɔkora nkae so nkɛntɛnso. Ebia wobɛkae da bi a ɛyɛ anigye paa wɔ w’asetena mu, anaa da bi a ɛyɛ awerɛhow paa, te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nnɛ. Nanso wonkae nsɛm a esisii wɔ da a ɛyɛ daa mu no saa, ɛnte saa? Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ wɔkora nkae a ɛbata nkate a emu yɛ den ho wɔ amemene no mu tɔnn .
Nkate mu Adesua
Saa nkae yi boa wo ma wote nea wuhu, wote, wote nka, wote hua, ne nea woka no ase. Sɛ wohyia ade koro no ara mpɛn pii a, wubetumi ahu nsonsonoe nketenkete mpo a ɛda nneɛma a ɛte saa ara ntam. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnwontofo betumi ahu nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ anifere sen biara mpo wɔ nnwom nnyigyei abien ntam.
Nkae a Ɛda Hɔ Ahorow
Wɔsan frɛ nkae a ɛda adi pefee sɛ declarative memory. Eyi ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ.
Episodic Nkae a Wɔde Kae
Eyi ne baabi a wokae osuahu ahorow a asi wɔ w’asetra mu no. Eyinom te sɛ w’asetra mu nsɛm bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wokae nneɛma te sɛ da a edi kan a wokɔɔ sukuu, w’ayeforohyia, anaa akwantu bi a wo ne w’adamfo bi kɔe.
Nkyerɛase a Wɔde Kae
Eyi ne sɛnea wokae nneɛma a woasua afa wiase no ho. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne nneɛma te sɛ nimdeɛ a ɛfa biribiara ho, nneɛma a wusuae wɔ sukuu mu, ne nea nsɛmfua kyerɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi akae sɛ ‘Istanbul yɛ kurow bi a ɛwɔ Turkey’ , anaasɛ ‘vase yɛ biribi a wɔde nhwiren gu mu’ .
N’ankasa Asetra Ho Nsɛm a Wɔkae
Ɛte sɛ w’asetra mu asɛm. Ɛboa wo ma wokae w’ankasa wo abakɔsɛm. Ɛyɛ episodic ne semantic memory nyinaa a wɔaka abom. Nneɛma a wuhu ne nnipa a wuhyia wɔn no ho nkae a wokae no, w’ankasa w’adwene na ɛhyehyɛ.
Ahunmu Nkae
Eyi boa wo ma wokae baabi a nneɛma anaa mmeae bi wɔ. W’amemene no sie nneɛma te sɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so, kwan tenten, ne beae a wobɛfa so de aboa wo ma woahu ɔkwan a wobɛfa so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, saa nkae yi boa wo ma wokae ɔkwan a wofa so fi fie kɔ sotɔɔ no mu, anaa beae a sotɔɔ a wopɛ wɔ aguadidan mu no wɔ.
Momma yɛmfa nhwɛso ahorow nkyerɛkyerɛ mu nkɔ akyiri.
Sɛ yɛbɛte nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda saa nkaeɛ ahodoɔ mmienu yi ntam ase yie a, momma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛsoɔ pon yi.
| Implicit memory (wɔkae a wonnim - "sɛnea wɔyɛ") . | Nkae a ɛda adi pefee (adwene mu nkae - "nimdeɛ a ɛfa") . |
|---|---|
| Nse a wɔhohoro | Da ne bere a wo ne oduruyɛfo no behyiam |
| Sakretwie | Da a edi kan a wode bɛyɛ adwuma ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri |
| Reboro nsuo | Nim a wonim sɛ London yɛ England ahenkurow |
| Dwom bi mu nsɛmfua a wɔbɛkae ara kwa | Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho nkaebɔ |
| Kar a wɔka | Ɔkwan a wɔfaa so kɔɔ fie a wɔbɛkae |
| Mpaboa hama a wɔkyekyere | W’adamfo paa awoda a wobɛkae |
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Wɔakyekyɛ yɛn nkaeɛ mu ayɛ no ahodoɔ titire mmienu: Implicit (a yɛyɛ ho adwuma a yennim) ne Explicit (a yɛkae wɔ adwempa mu).
- Nkae a ɛda adi pefee yɛ ahokokwaw ne suban, te sɛ sakre a wɔtra. Wɔkae eyinom ara kwa.
- Nkae a ɛda adi pefee yɛ nneɛma te sɛ nneɛma a wusuae maa sɔhwɛ, nsɛm a esisii wɔ w’asetra mu, ne nea ɛkeka ho Ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkae eyinom.
- Nkae a ɛda adi pefee no kyɛ yiye, nanso nkae a ɛda adi pefee betumi ayera bere a bere kɔ so no.
- Nkae ahorow abien no nyinaa ho hia wɔ yɛn da biara da asetra mu. Baako ntumi nyɛ adwuma a ɔfoforo no nka ho. Ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no nti na yetumi tra ase, sua ade, na yenya mu osuahu.
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