So woakɔ akwantu bi mu pɛn wɔ beae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu, sɛ nhwɛso no, kɔ mmeae te sɛ Anuradhapura anaa Polonnaruwa? Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ woate sɛ mpanyimfo reka akyerɛ wo sɛ sɛ worekɔ a, hwɛ yiye wɔ nwansena ho. Ade titiriw nti a ɛba saa ne yare bi a wɔfrɛ no asramma. Ɛwom sɛ kan no na ɛyɛ akwahosan ho haw kɛse wɔ yɛn man yi mu de, nanso seesei Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no ama Sri Lanka adanse sɛ ɔman a asramma nni hɔ. Ɛno yɛ ade kɛse a wɔatumi ayɛ! Nanso, ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn werɛ fi koraa.
Ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛma w’ani aku asramma ho, titiriw sɛ worekɔ amannɔne akɔyɛ adwuma anaa akwantu bi a. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea asramma yɛ, sɛnea ɛtrɛw, ne sɛnea yɛbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban ho asɛm.
Dɛn ankasa ne asramma?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, asramma yɛ yare a emu yɛ den, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu a ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde ba. Saa yare yi nam nwansena a ɔyɛ ɔbea (Anopheles species) a ɔwɔ asramma ka yɛn so. Sɛ saa mmoawa yi hyɛn yɛn mogya mu a, edi kan kɔ mmerɛbo no mu. Ɛhɔ no, ɛdɔɔso, ɛsan kɔ mogya no mu na efi ase sɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ. Ɛhɔ na yefi ase da sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi. Ɛwom sɛ asramma ntaa mma Sri Lanka bio de, nanso saa yare yi da so ara abu so wɔ aman a wim tebea yɛ hyew te sɛ Afrika aman, aman bi a ɛwɔ Asia Kesee Fam ne Kesee Fam Apuei, ne Amerika Kesee Fam mmeae bi. Enti, sɛ worekɔ ɔman a ɛte saa mu a, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyi.
Nwansena ahorow bɛn na ɛde asramma ba?
Ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Plasmodium na ɛde asramma ba. Malaria ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde asramma ba nnipa mu. Ɛnyɛ wɔn nyinaa na wɔyɛ pɛ; ebinom yɛ nea asiane wom sen afoforo.
| Parasite ahorow no su | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|
| Plasmodium a ɛyɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no falciparum | Eyi ne ɔkwan a asiane wom sen biara. Ɛdɔɔso ntɛmntɛm paa wɔ nipadua no mu. Ebetumi ama nneɛma te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a emu yɛ den ne mogya ntini nketenkete a ɛwɔ amemene no mu a esiw. Sɛ ɛka amemene no a, yɛfrɛ no amemene mu asramma . Eyi nso de nkwa to asiane mu. Ɛtaa ba Afrika. |
| Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu. | Saa ɔkwan yi yɛ soronko kakra. Ebetumi akɔ so ahintaw wɔ mmerɛbo no mu asram pii, mfe pii mpo, bere a nwansena aka no akyi na afei asan aba bio (ɛsan ba bio). Ɛtaa ba Asia ne Latin Amerika. |
| Plasmodium a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu (P. ovale) . | Eyi te sɛ P. vivax yiye na ɛtaa ba Afrika Atɔe fam ne Pacific atɔe fam nsupɔw so. |
| Plasmodium ɔyare mmoawa (P. malariae) . | Sɛ wɔansa saa yare yi yiye a, ebetumi ama obi anya ɔyare a enni sabea a ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa. Wohu no wɔ wiase nyinaa. |
| Plasmodium ho nimdeɛ (P. knowlesi) . | Ɛwom sɛ eyi yɛ ɔkwan a ɛtaa ka bonsu de, nanso seesei wɔahu sɛ ebetumi aka nnipa nso. Ɛdɔɔso wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 pɛ mu, enti ebetumi ayɛ den ntɛm. Wohu wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apuei. |
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde asramma kɔ nnipa mu?
Ɔkwan titiriw no ne sɛ Anopheles nwansena a ɔyɛ ɔbea a okura asramma mmoawa no bɛka no .
Ɛntrɛw mfi onipa so kɔ onipa foforo so te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini, ɛnam ahurututu, nsa a wɔde ka obi, anaa nna mu nkitahodi so. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ asramma ntumi nkɔ nnipa mu. Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ wobetumi atrɛw mu wɔ akwan foforo so:
- Ɛdenam mogya a wɔde fi obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no hɔ so (nanso seesei, esiane sɛ wɔhwehwɛ mogya mu ansa na wɔde ama nti, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ eyi bɛba no sua koraa).
- Ɛdenam nnade a wɔde twitwiw nipadua mu a mogya a ɔyare no wom a wɔde kyɛ so.
- Efi ɛna a onyinsɛn a ɔwɔ ɔyare no so kosi ne ba so, bere a ɔyem anaa ɔwo no.
Dɛn ne asramma ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no da adi wɔ
nnafua 10 kosi 15 akyi bere a nwansena aka no. Nanso, nnomaa ahorow bi (titiriw P. vivax) betumi agye bere tenten. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no betumi ayɛ te sɛ atiridii anaa atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba, na ɛma ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛma wɔn adwene atu afra.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi aba bere a yare no mu yɛ den no
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba |
|---|
| - a ɛyɛ atiridiinini a ɛkorɔn | - nipadua mu yaw |
| - a ɛyɛ nwini | - Tipaeɛ |
| - a wofifiri dodoo | - a ɛyɛ akisikuru anaasɛ ɔfe |
| - a ewo ho dodo | - Ayamtuo |
| - a ewo honam ani ne aniwa mu yellowing (jaundice) . | - Kesereneeyɛ |
| - a ɛyɛ akisikuru/akisikuru | - asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye |
| - mogya a ewo nsuo mu | - a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome |
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara. Malaria yɛ yare a ebetumi asɛe ntɛmntɛm. Enti,
ɛho hia sɛ yɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ a ɛnkyɛ. Sɛ woatu kwan akɔ ɔman bi a asramma yɛ asiane mu nkyɛe na wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka w’akwantu ho abakɔsɛm akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu sɛ obi anya asramma?
Wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’akwantu ho abakɔsɛm so asusuw sɛ obi anya asramma. Ɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii de akyerɛ sɛ wahu yare no.
- Mogya a Wɔde Siesie: Eyi ne nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara. Wɔde mogya a ɛtɔ fi wo nsateaa mu gu slide so, de aduru soronko bi gu so, na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ ebia ɔyare mmoawa no wɔ hɔ, ɔkwan ko a ɔyɛ, ne dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ.
- Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT): Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ebetumi ama wɔanya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm. Te sɛ COVID-19 nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ fie no, wɔde mogya a ɛtɔ gu test strip so. Nanso, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na eyi ma wohu ɔyare mmoawa ko pɔtee, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mogya mu aduru nso.
- Molecular Test (PCR): Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa no DNA wɔ mogya no mu anaa. Saa sɔhwɛ yi boa ma wohu ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee no.
- Antibody Test: Eyi hwɛ sɛ ebia woanya asramma pɛn anaa.
Ayaresa ne nea wɔde siw ano
Ayaresa a wo nsa bɛka no begyina nneɛma pii so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare mmoawa ko a wɔanya bi, sɛnea wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den, mfe a woadi, sɛ ebia woanyinsɛn anaa, ne beae a woanya bi. Nnuru a ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw ama wo no bi ne Chloroquine, Artemether-lumefantrine, ne Primaquine.
Mfa nnuru yi nni dwuma da a wunni oduruyɛfo afotu. Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi asramma ho?
Wɔka sɛ: "Siw ano ye sen ayaresa." Sɛ worekɔ ɔman bi a asramma yɛ asiane mu a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛyɛ saa nneɛma yi.
- Hyɛ ntade a ɛkata honam ani: pantan atenten, ntade a nsa tenten.
- Fa nnuru a wɔde pam nkoekoemmoa di dwuma: Fa nnuru a wɔde pam nkoekoemmoa a ade bi te sɛ DEET wom gu honam ani mmeae a ɛda adi.
- Fa nwansena asau di dwuma: Sɛ woda a, sɛ wode nwansena asau di dwuma, titiriw nea wɔde nnuru a ekum nkoekoemmoa (te sɛ permethrin) ayɛ no a, ɛbɔ wo ho ban kɛse.
- Nya nnuru a wɔde siw ano: Kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ansa na woatu kwan na nya aduru a wɔde siw asramma ano a ɛfata beae a worekɔ no. Ɛsɛ sɛ wonom saa aduru yi bere bi a wɔahyɛ ansa na woatu kwan, bere a woatu kwan, ne bere a woawie no.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Malaria yɛ yare a ebetumi akum obi a ɛnam nwansena bi a ɔwɔ yare no ka obi so.
- Ɛwom sɛ wɔayi asramma afi hɔ wɔ Sri Lanka de, nanso Sri Lankafo a wotu kwan kɔ aman a asramma ho asiane wɔ mu no da so ara wɔ asiane mu.
- Sɛ wunya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne tiyɛ, titiriw bere a woatu kwan akɔ amannɔne akyi a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara .
- Ansa na wubetu kwan akɔ baabi a asramma betumi aba no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ahobammɔ a wobɛbɔ afi nwansena ho ne nnuru a wode besiw ano a wobɛnom ho.
- Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔsa no a, ebetumi asiw ɔhaw ahorow a anibere wom a asramma de ba no ano.
Malaria, Malaria Sinhala, Nyarewa a nwansena de ba, Malaria ho sɛnkyerɛnne, Malaria ayaresa, Ahobammɔ a wɔbɔ fi asramma ho, Plasmodium
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