Ðe teƒe ɣi/blɔ le wò aɖuwo ŋua? Ðewohĩ mànya be fluorosis ye o! Mina míaƒo nu tso esia ŋu!

Ðe nèlé ŋku ɖe wò aɖuwo, alo viwò ƒe aɖuwo ŋu kpɔ, eye nède dzesi teƒe suesuesue siwo le ɣie, siwo ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi ɣeaɖewoɣia? Ame aɖewo sea veve le woƒe ƒuwo kple ƒunukpeƒewo, si wɔnɛ be azɔlizɔzɔ sesẽna. Susu siwo tae nu siawo dzɔ ɖo dometɔ ɖekae nye be tomenu aɖe si woyɔna be fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã me akpa. Emae nye nusi míeyɔna be fluorosis . Mègavɔ̃ o, mègasusu be dɔléle sesẽ aɖee nye esia ne èsee o. Mina míaƒo nu tso esia ŋu bɔbɔe, le mɔ si gɔme nàte ŋu ase nu.

Nuka tututue nye Fluorosis?

Kpuie ko la, fluorosis nye nɔnɔme si fluoride si sɔ gbɔ ɖe ŋutilã me gbɔ hena vɛ. Fluoride nye tomenu si le dzɔdzɔme nu si le anyigba kple tsi me. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, le agbɔsɔsɔ sue aɖe me la, ekpena ɖe ame ŋu be aɖuwo nagagblẽ o. Esia tae ɖewohĩ ède dzesii be fluoride le aɖuɖɔtoe aɖewo me ɖo. Ke hã, abe nusianu ene la, eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ fũ ate ŋu agblẽ nu le wò lãmesẽ ŋu. Abe alesi wogblɔnɛ ene la, "nusianu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ akpa menyo o." Fluoride aɖe le tsi si míenona gɔ̃ hã me. Le afisi nèle nu la, fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le tsi si nèzãna me ate ŋu aɖiɖi alo asɔ gbɔ wu. Habɔbɔwo abe U.S. Lãmesẽnyawo Kple Amegbetɔ Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe ene gblɔ be fluoride si sɔ nyuie wu le míaƒe tsinono me anɔ abe miligram 0.7 (mg/L). Esia fia be togbɔ be ekpena ɖe ame ŋu be aɖuwo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ hã la, ele vevie be woada asɔ si mahe lãmesẽkuxi bubuwo vɛ o.

Fluorosis ƒomevi kawoe nye?

Fluorosis ƒomevi vevi geɖewo li. Mina míalé ŋku ɖe nusiwo wonye ŋu:

Nukae Nye Aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle?

Esiae nye esi ƒomevi míekpɔna heƒoa nu tsoe zi geɖe wu. Ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò aɖuwo dzi. Nɔnɔme sia dzɔna ne èɖu fluoride fũ akpa, vevietɔ le wò agbe ƒe enyi gbãtɔwo me, esime wò aɖuwo le wɔwɔm. Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis ate ŋu atso esi nu mesẽ o dzi va ɖo esi nu sẽ ŋutɔ. Gake menye nɔnɔme si me vevesese le o. Zi geɖe la, wobua eŋu be enye atsyɔ̃ɖoɖo ƒe kuxi, si fia be ekpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò aɖuwo ƒe dzedzeme dzi. Zi geɖe la, mekpɔa ŋusẽ gã aɖeke ɖe wò aɖuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ alo woƒe lãmesẽ dzi o.

Mina míasrɔ̃ nu tso Skeletal Fluorosis ŋu

Esia nye ƒomevi aɖe si ŋu wòle be nàɖɔ ŋu ɖo vie. Egblẽa nu le wò ƒuwo kple ƒunukpeƒewo ŋu. Esia ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ gbegblẽ ɖe wò lãmesẽ bliboa dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me , ƒumeŋuɖui ( nɔnɔme si me ƒuwo gbɔdzɔna eye wogbãna bɔbɔe), ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ (ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ), kple ƒunukpeƒeveame ɣeyiɣi didi ate ŋu adzɔ. Nɔnɔme sia dzɔna ne woɖu fluoride fũ akpa atraɖii ƒe geɖe.

Nukae Nye Non-skeletal Fluorosis?

Le nyateƒe me la, esiae nye ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dɔléle ƒe gɔmedzedze . Wò nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ (dɔgbome) koŋue wògblẽa nu le . Esia fia be àte ŋu akpɔ dzesiwo abe dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu, dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu, aɖuɖɔtoe, ʋuʋudedi, kple nuɖuɖu ƒe dzodzro ene.

Aleke gbegbee fluorosis bɔe?

Aɖuɖɔtoedɔ nye dɔléle si bɔ si wokpɔna le xexeame katã. Wogblɔ be ame siwo ade 23% le dukɔ abe Amerika ene me xɔ nɔnɔme sia. Gake Skeletal Fluorosis mebɔ kura le dukɔwo abe Amerika ene me o. Gake ebɔ (eƒe dɔlékuiwo le) le Asia kple Afrika ƒe akpa aɖewo. Vevietɔ le India kple China la, wogblɔa dɔnɔ geɖe wu. Esesẽ be míagblɔ ame neni tututu si ŋu ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ sia le le xexeame. Gake numekuku aɖe ɖee fia be dɔléle sia nɔ ame 94 le ame 445 siwo nɔ nuto si me fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖo me la dome. Fifia, kpɔ ɖa, le Amerika ƒe akpa geɖe la, fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le tsia me mede miligram 0.7 si míeyɔ va yi le lita ɖeka me (mg/L) o. Esia tae nutoa me dziɖuɖumegã geɖe siwo le afima tsɔa fluoride dea tsinono me ɖo. Gake le xexeame ƒe akpa bubuwo, le kpɔɖeŋu me, Asia kple Afrika ƒe akpa aɖewo la, fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖe anyigba te tsi siwo le dzɔdzɔme nu me. Le India la, wogblɔ be fluoride si le tsinono me le mama dedie nu anɔ abe miligram 2.37 le lita ɖeka me (mg/L). Le teƒe aɖewo la, wogblɔ be eƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ade miligram 9.22 le lita ɖeka me (mg/L). Eyata amesiwo le nuto mawo tɔgbe me le afɔku gã aɖe me be woaxɔ fluorosis. Le Sri Lanka la, teƒe aɖewo hã li, vevietɔ le nuto si me tsi medzana le o, afisi wòhiã be woabu fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le tsia me ŋu le. Eyata ele vevie ŋutɔ be nànya tsidzɔƒe siwo le miaƒe nutoa me.

Nukae nye Fluorosis ƒe dzesiwo?

Dzesiawo toa vovo le fluorosis ƒomevi si le ŋuwò nu. Le goawo katã me la, zi alesi fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖe ŋuwòe la, zi nenemae wò dzesiawo ate ŋu asẽ ɖe edzii.

Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis ƒe Dzesiwo

Dzesi ɖeka kolia si ɖea aɖu ƒe fluorosis fianae nye aɖu ƒe amadede ƒe tɔtrɔ. Amadede ƒe tɔtrɔ sia toa vovo le alesi nɔnɔmea nu sẽe nu. Aɖudɔdalawo zãa nya siwo gbɔna tsɔ dea hatsotso me:

• Ðikeke: Teƒe ɣi ʋɛ aɖewo siwo me kɔ ŋutɔ kple teƒe ɣi ʋɛ aɖewo koe .
• Fafa ŋutɔ: Teƒe ɣi siwo me kɔ siwo tsyɔ aɖua ƒe akpa si mede 25% o.
• Fafɛ: Teƒe ɣi siwo me kɔ siwo tsyɔ aɖua ƒe akpa si mede 50% o.
• Le titina: Teƒe ɣi alo aŋutiɖiɖi si le aɖua ƒe akpa si wu 50%.
• Seŋu:Teƒe ɣi, aŋutiɖiɖi, alo aŋutiɖiɖi vivi le wò aɖuwo katã ŋu. Do suesuesuewo hã ate ŋu anɔ wò aɖuwo me alo adze abe ɖe woƒe aɖuwo vuvu ene.

Dzesiwo le Ƒumeŋuɖui kple esiwo Menye Ƒumeŋuɖui o ƒe Fluorosis

Dzesi gbãtɔ siwo do ƒome kple fluorosis si menye ƒumeŋuɖui o ate ŋu anye:

• Dɔgbo ƒe vevesese
• Ʋuʋudedi
• Miléle
• Dɔmetɔtrɔ
• Ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe vevesese kple woƒe sesẽ
• Akɔtave
• Lãmetsiwo ƒe gbegblẽ
• Aɖuɖɔtoe kple ʋuʋudedi

Ne nɔnɔmea le sesẽm ɖe edzi eye ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzesiwo te dzedze la, àte ŋu akpɔ nusiwo gbɔna:

• Ƒu ƒe gbagbã
• Ƒu kple aklã ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie
• Sidzedze ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie fafɛ - si fia be, nusiwo le abe ŋkuɖoɖonudzi kple susu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ene ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ suesuesuewo
• Myelopathy - vevesese si tsoa akɔta ƒe nutete gbɔ
• Osteosclerosis - ƒuwo ƒe ƒoƒo si mesɔ o
• Radiculopathy - vevesese si tso lãmeka si ƒo ɖe akɔta me gbɔ
• Ŋutilã ƒe ʋuʋudedi
• Alɔ̃dɔdɔ ƒe kuxiwo

Nukawoe hea fluorosis vɛ?

Fluoride ɖuɖu fũu akpa gbɔe fluorosis tsona. Esia fia be èmia fluoride fũ akpa le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe me. Alesi esia dzɔnae la toa vovo le fluorosis ƒomevi si le ame ŋu nu. Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis dzɔna ne ɖevi ƒe aɖu siwo nɔa anyi ɖaa gakpɔtɔ le tsitsim le aɖuɖɔ te, ne woɖua fluoride fũ akpa atraɖii. Esia ate ŋu atso tsi alo notsi me nuɖuɖu siwo me fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖo nono gbɔ, alo ne womi aɖuɖɔ si me fluoride le fũ. Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis dzɔna ne ame aɖe si xɔ ƒe ɖesiaɖe ɖu fluoride fũ akpa le ƒe geɖe me. Esia ate ŋu atso tsi si me fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖo nono gbɔ, alo ahanono abe tii kple kɔfi si wotsɔ tsi si me fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖo ene nono atraɖii.

Nusiwo ate ŋu ana woaxɔ fluorosis

Afɔku nye nane si dzia mɔnukpɔkpɔ si li be woaxɔ dɔléle aɖe ɖe edzi. Nusiwo gbɔna nye nusiwo ate ŋu ana woaxɔ fluorosis:

• Nuto si me fluoride sɔ gbɔ ɖo le anyigba te tsiwo me nɔnɔ.
• Zi geɖe la, fluoride si le tsinono me sɔ gbɔ wu miligram 0.7 le lita ɖeka me (mg/L).
• Fluoride aɖuɖɔtoe gbogbo aɖewo mimi edziedzi. (Agbɔsɔsɔme sue aɖe mimi menyo o. Gake ne mimi agbɔsɔsɔ gã aɖe le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe me la, ate ŋu ana fluorosis nadze ame dzi.)
• Vidzĩwo ƒe notsi kplu si me fluoride le si wotsaka kple tsi si me fluoride le nana ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe. (Ne èzãa notsi si me fluoride le la, tsɔ tsi si me fluoride mele o wɔe. Ne èzãa tsi si me fluoride le la, di vidzĩ ƒe notsi si me fluoride mele o.)

Fluorocarbon le aƒemenuzazã aɖewo, abe nutrenu, ami, kple yamekewo ene me. Amesiwo gbɔa atike siawo le afɔku me be woaxɔ ƒumeŋuɖui kple esiwo menye ƒumeŋuɖui o ƒe fluorosis. Atike siawo ƒe ahamumu ate ŋu ana ame natsi dzimaɖi, ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, eye wòaku kpata gɔ̃ hã.

Ne atike siawo zu numame na wò eye nèhiã kpekpeɖeŋu be nàhaya la, ele vevie ŋutɔ be nàdi atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo alo aɖaŋuɖoɖo si sɔ.

Aleke wowɔna dea dzesi Fluorosis?

Aɖudɔdala ate ŋu akpɔ aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle le aɖudɔdada si wowɔna edziedzi me. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, woate ŋu awɔ wò aɖuwo ƒe X-ray hã be woaɖe nɔnɔme bubuwo ɖa. Skeletal and Non-skeletal Fluorosis ateŋu asesẽ vie be woakpɔe elabena eƒe dzesiwo sɔ kple nɔnɔme bubu geɖewo tɔ. Eyata zi geɖe la, ele be ɖɔktawo nawɔ dodokpɔ ʋɛ aɖewo. Esiawo ate ŋu anye:

• Nɔnɔmetatawo dodokpɔ be woatsɔ alé ŋku ɖe wò ƒuwo ŋu. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye X-ray , CT scan (Computed Tomography scans) , kple ƒu ƒe kpekpeme dodokpɔ (DXA) .
• Ʋudodokpɔ be woatsɔ akpɔ fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le wò ʋumenugbagbeviɣi me.
• Aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro be nàlé ŋku ɖe fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le wò aɖuɖɔ me ŋu.

Nukawoe nye atike siwo wozãna na fluorosis?

Fluorosis ƒe atikewɔwɔ toa vovo le fluorosis ƒomevi si le ŋuwò nu. Woate ŋu atsɔ aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ aɖɔ aɖu ƒe fluorosis ɖo. Ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dɔléle dada sesẽ vie wu. Enɔ te ɖe nu geɖe dzi, vevietɔ alesi dzesiawo nu sẽe kple ŋutilã ƒe akpa siwo ŋu wògblẽ nu le.

Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis ƒe Atikewɔwɔ

Ne aɖuɖɔtoedɔ le ŋuwò la, wò aɖudɔdala ate ŋu aɖo aɖaŋu na wò be nàzã atsyɔ̃ɖomi siawo dometɔ ɖeka:

• Aɖuwo tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe: Wò aɖudɔdala atsɔ atike si wotsɔna gbãa aɖuwo asisi ɖe wò aɖuwo ŋu hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe koŋ . Gel sia ana wò aɖu ƒe ʋuʋudedi nakɔ, si ana wòasɔ kple fluorosis ƒe teƒewo. Zi geɖe la, wozãa esia tsɔ daa fluorosis ƒe dɔléle siwo mesẽ o.
• Aɖuwo ƒe kadodo: Le mɔnu sia me la, aɖudɔdala zãa aŋɔ si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui si ƒe amadede le abe aɖu ene tsɔ tsyɔa fluorosis ƒe ɖinuwo dzi. Emegbe wowɔa aɖuawo ƒe nɔnɔme heklɔa wo wònya kpɔna.
• Aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ: Esiawo nye aŋɔ tsɛ siwo wotsɔ aŋɔ alo anyikpe wɔe siwo tsyɔa wò aɖuwo ƒe ŋgɔgbe. Esi wònye be wowɔa aɖuɖɔtoewo na ame ɖesiaɖe ta la, wowɔa aɖuɖɔtoewo be woakpɔ egbɔ be woƒe lolome sɔ na wò hiahiãwo.
• Aɖufiakuku: Esiawo hã nye aɖukpodzinu siwo wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu. Wotsyɔa wò aɖu bliboa dzi. Be fiakukua nasɔ nyuie la, ele be nàɖe wò dzɔdzɔme aɖu ƒe ʋeʋẽ sue aɖe ɖa.
• Enamel microabrasion: Le dɔ sia wɔwɔ me la, aɖudɔdalaa ɖea wò aɖu ƒe enamel si le sue ŋutɔ la ɖa. Esia ate ŋu aɖe fluorosis ƒe ɖi geɖe ɖa. Zi geɖe la, ɖɔktawo awɔ aɖuwo hã ɣie le enamel microabrasion megbe be wò aɖuwo ƒe amadede nasɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

Fluorosis si nye ƒumeŋuɖui kple esi menye ƒumeŋuɖui o ƒe atikewɔwɔ

Taɖodzinu vevitɔe nye be woaɖe kuxia tsoƒe ɖa. Be nàte ŋu awɔ esia la, ele be nàɖe fluoride ɖa le wò tsinono me. Àte ŋu azã mɔnuwo abe reverse osmosis , distillation , alo activated carbon filters atsɔ akɔ wò tsi me. (Tsi ƒoƒo mawɔ esia o. Togbɔ be ne woɖae ɖea ɖiƒoƒo ɖa le tsi me hã la, fluoride menye nane si dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu agbã o, eye wòsẽna ŋutɔ.) Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ɖɔktawo ate ŋu akafu atikewɔmɔnuwo abe:

• Anabolic steroids:Atike siawo ate ŋu aɖe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzesiwo dzi akpɔtɔ.
• Calcium kple Vitamin D: Nu eve siawo ate ŋu aɖe ƒu ƒe kpekpeme dzi akpɔtɔ ne woɖu wo ɖekae. Woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe alesi nèxɔa fluoride le wò dɔgbo me hã dzi.
• NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): Atike siawo kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woaɖu vevesese kple abi si dona tso ƒumeŋuɖui me dzi.

Esia menye xexlẽdzesi blibo o. Wò ɖɔkta atrɔ asi le atikewɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo aɖe ŋu wòasɔ ɖe wò hiahiãwo nu.

Ðe woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe Fluorosis nua?

Mɔ ɖeka kolia si dzi nàto axe mɔ ɖe fluorosis nue nye be nàɖu fluoride agbɔsɔsɔme si nèzãna dzi. Aɖaŋuɖoɖo ʋɛ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Kpɔ se kple ɖoɖo siwo ku ɖe fluoride dede tsi me le miaƒe nutoa me ŋu le miaƒe nutoa me tsidzikpɔha alo dɔwɔƒe si ku ɖe eŋu.
• Kpɔ fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le wò vudo me tsi alo dudzikpɔƒe ƒe tsi me ɖa.
• Kpɔ nu geɖe tso fluoride ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le miaƒe nutoa me ŋu.

Be viwòa ƒe afɔku si le fluorosis xɔxɔ me dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ la, kpɔ nyuie le fluoride agbɔsɔsɔme si wòdona ŋu. Ele be nàƒo asa na fluoride nana viwòa fũu akpa, eye nàkpɔ egbɔ be woxɔ agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ le aɖuɖɔɖɔɣia. Dadasɔ sia le vevie ŋutɔ na viwòa ƒe lãmesẽ.

Nukae nàkpɔ mɔ na ne èle agbe kple fluorosis?

Zi geɖe la, Aɖuɖɔtoedɔ me tsonu nyona, elabena menye nɔnɔme si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu o. Woate ŋu aɖɔe ɖo to aɖudɔdada me. Nusi ado tso Skeletal Fluorosis me nɔ te ɖe alesi nède dzesii kabakabae dzi. Zi alesi nèdzudzɔ fluoride nono kaba la, zi nenemae mɔnukpɔkpɔ asu asiwò be nàhaya ɣeyiɣi didi.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae fluorosis nɔa anyi?

Le goawo katã me la, fluorosis menye nɔnɔme si woate ŋu atrɔ o. Eyae nye be ne edzɔ ko la, medzona o. Numekuku aɖewo ɖee fia be atikewɔwɔ ate ŋu ana ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzesiwo nanyo ɖe edzi vaseɖe afi aɖe. Gake enɔ te ɖe alesi wò dzesiawo nu sẽe dzi le gɔmedzedzea me.

Aleke malé be na ɖokuinye?

Ne fluorosis le ŋuwò, alo ne èle nuto si me wòbɔ ɖo me la, nu nyuitɔ si nàte ŋu awɔe nye be woana nànya. Nya fluoride agbɔsɔsɔme si tututu le tsi si nènona me. Ne ènya nya agbɔsɔsɔ mawo ko la, àte ŋu awɔ nyametsotso siwo ŋu wonya nu tsoe le wò lãmesẽ ŋu.

Ɣekaɣie wòle be nàkpɔ ɖɔkta?

Ne èsusu be aɖuɖɔtoedɔ le ye ŋu la, yi wò aɖudɔdala gbɔ nàdzro atikewɔmɔnu siwo nàte ŋu azã me. Azɔ hã, ne ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzesiwo dze le ŋuwò zi ɖeka, abe ʋuʋudedi, ƒunukpeƒeveame, alo ƒu ƒe gbagbã enuenu ene la, ele be nàgblɔe na wò ɖɔkta. Ate ŋu awɔ dodokpɔwo atsɔ adi nusi gbɔ wòtso.

Le agbɔsɔsɔ sue aɖe me la, fluoride doa ŋusẽ míaƒe aɖuwo eye wòkpɔa wo ta tso gbegblẽ me. Gake nu geɖe akpa ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ame ŋu. Sidzedze nye ŋusẽ. Mɔ nyuitɔ si dzi nàto axe mɔ ɖe fluorosis nue nye be nànɔ ŋudzɔ. Kpɔ wò tsidzɔƒe ɖa. Kpɔ se siwo le miaƒe nutoa me ku ɖe fluoride dede tsi me ŋu. Ne nyabiase aɖewo koŋ le asiwò ku ɖe alesi fluoride kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò lãmesẽ dzii ŋu la, ƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta.

Nu vevitɔ kekeake si dzi wòle be míaɖo ŋkui tso nyati sia me (Take-Home Message) .

Enyo, eyata, le nusiwo ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe nu la, esiawoe nye nu vevitɔ kekeake siwo dzi wòle be nàɖo ŋkui:

• Fluorosis nye nɔnɔme si fluoride si sɔ gbɔ ɖe ŋutilãa me hena vɛ.
• Wole ƒomevi vevi eve: Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis (si gblẽa nu le aɖuwo ŋu) kple Skeletal Fluorosis (si gblẽa nu le ƒuwo kple ƒunukpeƒewo ŋu).
• Aɖu ƒe Fluorosis nana aɖuawo nɔa ɣie/blɔ, gake vevesese aɖeke mele eme o. Woate ŋu atsɔ atsyɔ̃ɖomiwo aɖɔe ɖo.
• Skeletal Fluorosis nu sẽ vie eye ate ŋu ana ƒunukpeƒewo nase veve eye ƒu nagbã.
• Nu vevitɔe nye be nànya fluoride agbɔsɔsɔme si le tsi si nènona me.
• Kpɔ nyuie le aɖuɖɔtoe si me fluoride le mimi ŋu esime viwòwo le aɖuɖɔɖɔm.
• Ne dzesi aɖewo le ŋuwò la, di atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo enumake.

Ðo ŋku edzi be fluoride nye nusi míehiã le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me. Kuxiae nye eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ fũ akpa. Eyata, ele vevie be mí katã míanya esia eye míakpɔ mía ŋutɔwo kple mía viwo ƒe lãmesẽ ta. Fluorosis, Fluoride, Aɖuwo ƒe ɖiɖi, Ƒumeŋuɖui, Tsinono, Aɖuwo ƒe Lãmesẽ, Tomenukunuwo