Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda kake jin yunwa a daidai lokacin, yadda zafin jikinka yake kasancewa iri ɗaya, ko kuma yadda kake yin barci da daddare? Duk wannan ba wai kawai yana faruwa ba ne. Bayan waɗannan muhimman ayyuka a jikinmu akwai ƙaramin "shugaba" amma mai ƙarfi. Shi ne hypothalamus . A yau za mu yi magana game da wannan ɓangaren jikinmu wanda girmansa ya kai ƙaramin almond, amma yana yin aiki mai ban mamaki.
A taƙaice dai, menene hypothalamus?
Hypothalamus ƙaramin gland ne a cikin kwakwalwarka. Ita ce babbar cibiyar kula da tsarin hormones na jikinmu, ko tsarin endocrine. Kamar thermostat a gidanka. Kamar yadda AC ke kunnawa lokacin da zafin gidanka ya tashi kuma ya kashe lokacin da ya faɗi, hypothalamus yana karɓar sigina daga sassa daban-daban na jiki kuma yana yin abubuwan da suka wajaba don kula da yanayin jiki.
Hypothalamus ba ya aiki shi kaɗai don yin wannan aikin. Yana ba da umarni ga babban mataimaki , glandar pituitary . Muna kuma kiran glandar pituitary 'master gland' saboda, bisa ga umarnin daga hypothalamus, shine wanda ke fitar da hormones da sauran glanders ke buƙata a jiki (kamar glandar thyroid, glandar adrenal, koda, da gabobin haihuwa).
Ka yi tunanin hypothalamus a matsayin Shugaba na babban kamfani. Yana gaya wa glandar pituitary (Manaja) abin da zai yi. Sannan Manaja yana umurtar sauran sassan jiki (gabobin jiki) su yi daidai da haka.
Bambanci tsakanin Thalamus da Hypothalamus
Waɗannan sunaye biyu suna da ɗan kama da juna, don haka wasu mutane na iya rikicewa. Dukansu sassan kwakwalwa ne a tsakiya. Amma suna da ayyuka daban-daban.
- Thalamus: Aikinsa shine karɓar sigina daga hankalinmu (banda ƙamshi), zaɓar abin da ke da mahimmanci, sannan a aika su zuwa ga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wato ɓangaren kwakwalwa wanda ke yin ayyuka masu girma. Yana taimakawa da abubuwa kamar ƙwaƙwalwa, koyo, da kulawa.
- Hypothalamus : Kalmar Girkanci "hypo" tana nufin "ƙarƙashin." Don haka wannan yana ƙarƙashin thalamus. Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, babban aikinsa shine sarrafa tsarin hormones na jiki da kuma kula da daidaiton ciki a cikin jiki.
Menene manyan ayyukan hypothalamus?
Hypothalamus yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye lafiyar jikinmu da daidaito. Duba wannan jerin.
- Girman jiki da gyaran ƙwayoyin halitta
- Gishiri da ruwa a jikiDaidaito
- Kula da zafin jiki
- Yawan bugun zuciya da hawan jini
- Yawan numfashi
- Yana haifar da yunwa da ƙishirwa
- Kula da narkewar abinci
- Sarrafa barci da farkawa ( zagayen barci )
- Yanayi
- Sha'awar jima'i
- Samar da madara ga uwaye masu shayarwa
Muhimman hormones da hypothalamus ke fitarwa
Hypothalamus yana sarrafa nau'ikan hormones guda biyu. Ana yin wasu hormones kuma ana aika su zuwa glandar pituitary, wanda ke sakin su zuwa ga gabobin da ke buƙatar su. Ana yin wasu hormones guda biyu kuma ana adana su a cikin glandar pituitary, kuma ana sake su ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙata.
| Hormone | Aikin yana da sauƙi. |
|---|---|
| Hormone mai sakin thyrotropin (TRH) | Yana ƙarfafa glandar thyroid kuma yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa metabolism na jiki. |
| Hormone mai sakin Corticotropin (CRH) | An umurci glandar adrenal da su saki hormone cortisol mai damuwa. |
| Hormone mai sakin hormone mai girma (GHRH) | Ana gaya wa glandar pituitary ta fitar da hormone na girma, wanda yake da mahimmanci don girmar jiki. |
| Hormone mai sakin gonadotropin (GnRH) | Yana ƙarfafa sakin hormones (FSH da LH) waɗanda suka zama dole don aikin tsarin haihuwa da kuma balaga ta jima'i. |
| Dopamine da Somatostatin | Abin da waɗannan ke yi shi ne hana glandar pituitary fitar da wasu hormones. Wato, suna ƙirƙirar iko. |
| Oxytocin | Ana kuma kiransa da 'hormone na soyayya', yana taimakawa wajen haɗa ɗan adam, matsewar mahaifa yayin haihuwa, da kuma shayarwa. |
| Vasopressin | Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa aikin koda, kiyaye daidaiton ruwa a jiki, da kuma daidaita hawan jini. |
Mene ne zai iya haifar da rashin aikin hypothalamic?
Idan aikin irin wannan muhimmin sashi ya lalace, dukkan jiki zai iya rasa daidaito. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda dalilai da dama.
- Lalacewar haihuwa: Matsalolin da ba a saba gani ba da ke faruwa a kwakwalwa ko hypothalamus yayin da jariri ke girma a cikin mahaifar uwa.
- Cututtukan gado: Misali, ciwon Prader-Willi ko ciwon Kallmann.
- Raunin kwakwalwa mai rauni: Lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon hatsari.
- Ciwon kwakwalwa: Ciwon da ke kusa ko kuma yana matsa lamba ga hypothalamus.
- Tiyatar kwakwalwa, maganin radiation, ko chemotherapy.
- Cututtukan kwakwalwa ko yanayin kumburi: misali, multiple sclerosis.
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da damuwa: Matsalolin cin abinci , motsa jiki mai yawa, rashin cin isasshen adadin kuzari, da kuma tsananin damuwa na hankali na iya sa jiki ya samar da ƙarin sinadarin cortisol. Wannan na iya raunana aikin hypothalamus.
Cututtuka masu yiwuwa da suka shafi hypothalamus
Cututtuka daban-daban na iya faruwa saboda rashin aikin hypothalamus.
Kiba mai yawan kiba
Lalacewar hypothalamus na iya kawo cikas ga daidaito tsakanin yunwa da adadin kalori da jiki ke ƙonawa. Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar jin yunwa komai yawan cin abinci , ƙaruwar nauyi cikin sauri, matsalolin barci, da wahalar daidaita zafin jiki.
Amenorrhea Mai Aiki na Hypothalamic
Wannan yanayi ne da ke shafar mata. Idan jiki bai sami kuzarin da ake buƙata ba (rashin cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki mai yawa) ko kuma lokacin da akwai damuwa mai tsanani, hypothalamus yana rage sakin hormone GnRH. Wannan yana hana ovulation. Sakamakon haka , haila na iya tsayawa na tsawon fiye da watanni 3 .
Ciwon suga na tsakiya (Central Diabetes Insipidus)
Wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta a jikin mutum ba. A wannan yanayin, tsarin garkuwar jiki yana lalata hypothalamus. Wannan yana haifar da karancin sinadarin vasopressin, wanda ke sarrafa yawan ruwan jiki. Sakamakon haka , yawan fitsari da kuma yawan kishirwa suna faruwa.
Muhimmi: Wannan yanayin, wanda ake kira Ciwon suga Insipidus, ya bambanta gaba ɗaya da ciwon suga da muka sani.
Ganewar Ganewa da Magani
Idan kana da waɗannan alamomin, likitanka zai sake duba tarihin lafiyarka sannan ya yi odar gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba bisa ga alamun cutar.
- Gwajin jini da fitsari: don duba matakan hormones daban-daban (thyroid, cortisol, hormones na jima'i), matakan sodium, da sauransu.
- Duban kwakwalwa: Duban MRI ko CT na iya duba ko akwai ƙari ko wata illa ga kwakwalwa.
- Gwaje-gwajen filin gani
Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun dogara ne akan musabbabin cutar da kuma alamunta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- Tiyata ko maganin radiation don ciwon daji.
- Maganin maye gurbin hormones don rashin isasshen hormones.
- Canje-canje a tsarin abinci da salon rayuwa.
- Shawarwari kan lafiyar kwakwalwa.
Duk wani daga cikin waɗannan jiyya ya kamata a yi shi ne kawai bisa shawarar likitanka.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Hypothalamus wani muhimmin 'cibiyar sarrafawa' ne a cikin kwakwalwarmu wanda ke daidaita tsarin hormones na jiki.
- Wannan ƙaramin ɓangare yana sarrafa yunwa, ƙishirwa, barci, zafin jiki, yanayi, da ƙari mai yawa.
- Raunin kai, ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, kamuwa da cuta, yanayin kwayoyin halitta, da kuma yawan damuwa da rashin kyawun abinci mai gina jiki na iya shafar aikin hypothalamus.
- Idan kina fuskantar alamu marasa kyau kamar ƙaruwar kiba kwatsam, daina al'ada, da kuma ƙishirwa mai yawa, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ki ga likita nan da nan don neman shawara.
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