Skip to main content

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā Aduhelm (Aducanumab) no ka maʻi Alzheimer

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā Aduhelm (Aducanumab) no ka maʻi Alzheimer

ʻAʻole hiki i nā huaʻōlelo ke hōʻike i ke kaumaha a me ke kōkua ʻole a mākou e manaʻo ai i ka wā e loaʻa ai i kā mākou mea aloha, malia paha he makuahine, makuakāne, a i ʻole he hoaaloha, ka maʻi Alzheimer , ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ke hana ikaika nei nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua e ʻimi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia maʻi. Ma muli o ia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka honua e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aducanumab , nona ka inoa inoa ʻo Aduhelm. Akā ʻoiai he nui nā manaʻolana no kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, aia nō hoʻi ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui. I kēia manawa ua hoʻōki ʻia ka hana ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia Aduhelm, pehea i hana ai, a no ke aha i loaʻa ʻole ai.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia Aduhelm (Aducanumab)?

He lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aduhelm i hāʻawi ʻia i nā poʻe maʻi i nā pae mua o ka maʻi Alzheimer, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka poʻe me ka hemahema iki o ka noʻonoʻo . No kahi papa kūikawā o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo monoclonal antibodies .

E noʻonoʻo, i ka wā e ulu ai ka maʻi Alzheimer , hōʻiliʻili kahi ʻano protein i kapa ʻia ʻo amyloid ma waena o nā hunaola nerve i loko o ko kākou lolo, e waiho ana iā ia iho e like me ka ʻōpala. Kāhea mākou i kēia he mau ʻōpala amyloid . Hoʻopōʻino kēia mau ʻōpala i nā hunaola lolo a make lākou. ʻO ka hana nui o ka lāʻau Aduhelm, ʻo ia ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala amyloid e hōʻiliʻili ana i loko o ka lolo a kōkua i ke kino e wehe iā lākou.

Ua ʻāpono ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ka US FDA ma ke ʻano ʻē, me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka papa aʻoaʻo ponoʻī o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka hopena, ua nīnau kekahi mau loea lapaʻau i ka pono no ka noiʻi hou aku i ka palekana a me ka pono o ka lāʻau.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻōki loa ka hui nāna i hana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hana ʻana iā ia i ka makahiki 2024. E ʻike kākou i ke kumu ma hope.

Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kino?

He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i hāʻawi ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka IV. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi Alzheimer ʻo ia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo amyloid-beta i loko o ka lolo, e hana ana i nā plaques. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā hunaola o ka lolo, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā loli o ke ʻano.

Hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aduhelm e like me kahi mākaʻi kūikawā. Hele ia i loko o ka lolo a ʻike pono i kahi o kēlā mau plaques amyloid. Hoʻomaopopo ia iā lākou a pili iā lākou. A laila hoʻouna ia i kahi hōʻailona i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o ko mākou kino, e ʻōlelo ana, "Eia kekahi mea e pono e wehe ʻia." A laila hele mai nā pūnaewele ʻōnaehana pale a luku i kēlā mau plaques.

Ua manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka wehe ʻana i ka plaque ma kēia ʻano, e oki ka make ʻana o nā hunaola o ka lolo a e kāohi ʻia ka hōʻino hou ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mākau noʻonoʻo.

He pono maoli anei kēia lāʻau lapaʻau? No ke aha i nui ai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ia mea?

ʻO kēia ka nīnau a ka poʻe he nui. Ua hana ʻia ʻelua mau noiʻi nui e noiʻi i ka pono o ka lāʻau Aduhelm.

1. Haʻawina mua: Ua hōʻike kēia ua hōʻemi ka lāʻau ʻo Aduhelm i ka nui o nā plaques amyloid i loko o ka lolo. Ua hoʻolohi iki hoʻi ia i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hiki ke hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā i ka poʻe i lawe i kahi mahele nui o ka lāʻau. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻōki a hoʻohuli paha i ka maʻi.

2. ʻO ka lua o ke aʻo ʻana: ʻAʻole i hōʻike kēia aʻo i kekahi pono i nā maʻi. No laila, ua hoʻōki ʻia kēia aʻo ma waena.

ʻAʻole lawa nā hopena o kēlā noiʻi hoʻokahi wale nō e hoʻomāʻona i ka papa aʻoaʻo FDA. Akā ua hoʻoholo ka FDA e ʻāpono i ka lāʻau. Akā i ka manawa like, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iā Biogen, ka hui e hana ana i ka lāʻau, i ʻeiwa mau makahiki e hana i kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka lāʻau. Ua hoʻoulu kēia ʻāpono koke i ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a ua hoʻoholo kekahi mau ʻōnaehana haukapila nui ʻaʻole e hāʻawi iā ia i kā lākou mau maʻi a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Aducanumab a me Lecanemab

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo Lecanemab (Leqembi) e like me Aducanumab (Aduhelm). He antibody monoclonal nō hoʻi ia. Hana kēia mau mea ʻelua ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā protein amyloid i loko o ka lolo. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana. ʻO ia hoʻi, hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua ma nā pae ʻelua like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka plaque amyloid. Ua loaʻa iā Lecanemab ka ʻae ʻia e ka FDA i ka makahiki 2023. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka maʻi ma kahi o 20%-30%.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Aducanumab?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki iā Aducanumab ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao . Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke koʻikoʻi, no laila he mea nui e makaʻala iā lākou.

Hopena ʻaoʻao He wehewehe maʻalahi
Pehu lolo no ka manawa pōkole ʻO kēia ka hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike pinepine ʻia. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona pinepine a ʻike ʻia ma o nā scan.
Ke kahe nei ke koko o ka lolo liʻiliʻi He mau hanana kahe koko maalea pinepine kēia e hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma o nā scan.
Nā ʻeha poʻo He hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau.
Hāʻule ʻana Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hāʻule ʻana no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaulike o ke kino.
Ka maʻi pākī Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana digestive.
Ka huikau Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka moakāka o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana no kekahi manawa.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā loaʻa i kekahi e lawe ana i kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē, pono lākou e hoʻomaopopo koke i kā lākou kauka.

No ke aha i hoʻōki ʻia ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?

I Ianuali 2024, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Biogen e hoʻōki loa lākou i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā Aducanumab. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe he nui kēia ma muli o nā hopohopo palekana a i ʻole ka nele o ka pono. Akā, ʻaʻole ia ke kumu maoli.

Ua wehewehe ka ʻoihana ua hana ʻia kēia neʻe ʻana no ka mea ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kālele i kāna mau kumuwaiwai (kālā, nā hui noiʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no Alzheimer, ʻoiai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Lecanemab. ʻO ia hoʻi, he hoʻoholo kēia no ka hoʻokele ʻoihana a me nā kumuwaiwai, ʻaʻole he hoʻoholo i hana ʻia ma muli o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana a i ʻole ka pono o ka lāʻau.

Me kēia hoʻoholo, ma hope o Nowemapa 1, 2024, ʻoiai nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kauoha ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa hou.

Leka Lawe-Home

  • ʻO Aduhelm (Aducanumab) kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻolauna ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi mua o Alzheimer, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia i kēia manawa.
  • ʻO kāna hana maʻamau, ʻo ia ke kōkua i ke kino e wehe i nā plaques amyloid e hōʻiliʻili ana i loko o ka lolo.
  • Ua nui ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma ke kaiāulu lapaʻau e pili ana i ka pono o kēia lāʻau. ʻOiai ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i kahi pōmaikaʻi iki, ʻaʻole kekahi.
  • ʻAʻole i wehe ʻia kēia mai ka hana ʻana ma muli o kahi pilikia palekana, akā no ka mea ua hoʻoholo ka ʻoihana hana e kau i kāna mau kumuwaiwai ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
  • Inā he mau hopohopo a nīnau paha kāu a i ʻole kekahi mea aloha e pili ana i ka maʻi Alzheimer, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke kūkākūkā me kāu kauka ʻohana a i ʻole kekahi loea. Mai hoʻoholo wale ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele.

ʻO Alzheimer's, Aducanumab, Aduhelm, Poho Hoʻomanaʻo, Maʻi Lolo, Mālama ʻElemakule, Leqembi, Maʻi Neurological
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.

Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo

E ʻoluʻolu e helu: 8 + 7 =
ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā Aduhelm (Aducanumab) no ka maʻi Alzheimer
Nā lāʻau lapaʻau22 ʻOkakopa 2025

ʻO ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana iā Aduhelm (Aducanumab) no ka maʻi Alzheimer

ʻAʻole hiki i nā huaʻōlelo ke hōʻike i ke kaumaha a me ke kōkua ʻole a mākou e manaʻo ai i ka wā e loaʻa ai i kā mākou mea aloha, malia paha he makuahine, makuakāne, a i ʻole he hoaaloha, ka maʻi Alzheimer , ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo. Ke hana ikaika nei nā kauka a me nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua e ʻimi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia maʻi. Ma muli o ia mau hoʻoikaika ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka honua e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aducanumab , nona ka inoa inoa ʻo Aduhelm. Akā ʻoiai he nui nā manaʻolana no kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, aia nō hoʻi ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui. I kēia manawa ua hoʻōki ʻia ka hana ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia Aduhelm, pehea i hana ai, a no ke aha i loaʻa ʻole ai.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he aha kēia Aduhelm (Aducanumab)?

He lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aduhelm i hāʻawi ʻia i nā poʻe maʻi i nā pae mua o ka maʻi Alzheimer, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka poʻe me ka hemahema iki o ka noʻonoʻo . No kahi papa kūikawā o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo monoclonal antibodies .

E noʻonoʻo, i ka wā e ulu ai ka maʻi Alzheimer , hōʻiliʻili kahi ʻano protein i kapa ʻia ʻo amyloid ma waena o nā hunaola nerve i loko o ko kākou lolo, e waiho ana iā ia iho e like me ka ʻōpala. Kāhea mākou i kēia he mau ʻōpala amyloid . Hoʻopōʻino kēia mau ʻōpala i nā hunaola lolo a make lākou. ʻO ka hana nui o ka lāʻau Aduhelm, ʻo ia ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala amyloid e hōʻiliʻili ana i loko o ka lolo a kōkua i ke kino e wehe iā lākou.

Ua ʻāpono ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ka US FDA ma ke ʻano ʻē, me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka papa aʻoaʻo ponoʻī o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka hopena, ua nīnau kekahi mau loea lapaʻau i ka pono no ka noiʻi hou aku i ka palekana a me ka pono o ka lāʻau.

Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻōki loa ka hui nāna i hana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hana ʻana iā ia i ka makahiki 2024. E ʻike kākou i ke kumu ma hope.

Pehea e hana ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kino?

He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia i hāʻawi ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka IV. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi Alzheimer ʻo ia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo amyloid-beta i loko o ka lolo, e hana ana i nā plaques. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā hunaola o ka lolo, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā loli o ke ʻano.

Hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Aduhelm e like me kahi mākaʻi kūikawā. Hele ia i loko o ka lolo a ʻike pono i kahi o kēlā mau plaques amyloid. Hoʻomaopopo ia iā lākou a pili iā lākou. A laila hoʻouna ia i kahi hōʻailona i ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī o ko mākou kino, e ʻōlelo ana, "Eia kekahi mea e pono e wehe ʻia." A laila hele mai nā pūnaewele ʻōnaehana pale a luku i kēlā mau plaques.

Ua manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka wehe ʻana i ka plaque ma kēia ʻano, e oki ka make ʻana o nā hunaola o ka lolo a e kāohi ʻia ka hōʻino hou ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mākau noʻonoʻo.

He pono maoli anei kēia lāʻau lapaʻau? No ke aha i nui ai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ia mea?

ʻO kēia ka nīnau a ka poʻe he nui. Ua hana ʻia ʻelua mau noiʻi nui e noiʻi i ka pono o ka lāʻau Aduhelm.

1. Haʻawina mua: Ua hōʻike kēia ua hōʻemi ka lāʻau ʻo Aduhelm i ka nui o nā plaques amyloid i loko o ka lolo. Ua hoʻolohi iki hoʻi ia i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hiki ke hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā i ka poʻe i lawe i kahi mahele nui o ka lāʻau. Akā, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lāʻau ke hoʻōki a hoʻohuli paha i ka maʻi.

2. ʻO ka lua o ke aʻo ʻana: ʻAʻole i hōʻike kēia aʻo i kekahi pono i nā maʻi. No laila, ua hoʻōki ʻia kēia aʻo ma waena.

ʻAʻole lawa nā hopena o kēlā noiʻi hoʻokahi wale nō e hoʻomāʻona i ka papa aʻoaʻo FDA. Akā ua hoʻoholo ka FDA e ʻāpono i ka lāʻau. Akā i ka manawa like, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iā Biogen, ka hui e hana ana i ka lāʻau, i ʻeiwa mau makahiki e hana i kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka pono o ka lāʻau. Ua hoʻoulu kēia ʻāpono koke i ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a ua hoʻoholo kekahi mau ʻōnaehana haukapila nui ʻaʻole e hāʻawi iā ia i kā lākou mau maʻi a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Aducanumab a me Lecanemab

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo Lecanemab (Leqembi) e like me Aducanumab (Aduhelm). He antibody monoclonal nō hoʻi ia. Hana kēia mau mea ʻelua ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā protein amyloid i loko o ka lolo. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi ʻokoʻa iki i ke ʻano o kā lākou hana. ʻO ia hoʻi, hana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua ma nā pae ʻelua like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka plaque amyloid. Ua loaʻa iā Lecanemab ka ʻae ʻia e ka FDA i ka makahiki 2023. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka maʻi ma kahi o 20%-30%.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Aducanumab?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki iā Aducanumab ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao . Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau mea ke koʻikoʻi, no laila he mea nui e makaʻala iā lākou.

Hopena ʻaoʻao He wehewehe maʻalahi
Pehu lolo no ka manawa pōkole ʻO kēia ka hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike pinepine ʻia. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona pinepine a ʻike ʻia ma o nā scan.
Ke kahe nei ke koko o ka lolo liʻiliʻi He mau hanana kahe koko maalea pinepine kēia e hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma o nā scan.
Nā ʻeha poʻo He hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau.
Hāʻule ʻana Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hāʻule ʻana no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaulike o ke kino.
Ka maʻi pākī Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana digestive.
Ka huikau Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka moakāka o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana no kekahi manawa.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā loaʻa i kekahi e lawe ana i kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē, pono lākou e hoʻomaopopo koke i kā lākou kauka.

No ke aha i hoʻōki ʻia ai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau?

I Ianuali 2024, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Biogen e hoʻōki loa lākou i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana iā Aducanumab. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe he nui kēia ma muli o nā hopohopo palekana a i ʻole ka nele o ka pono. Akā, ʻaʻole ia ke kumu maoli.

Ua wehewehe ka ʻoihana ua hana ʻia kēia neʻe ʻana no ka mea ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kālele i kāna mau kumuwaiwai (kālā, nā hui noiʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no Alzheimer, ʻoiai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Lecanemab. ʻO ia hoʻi, he hoʻoholo kēia no ka hoʻokele ʻoihana a me nā kumuwaiwai, ʻaʻole he hoʻoholo i hana ʻia ma muli o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana a i ʻole ka pono o ka lāʻau.

Me kēia hoʻoholo, ma hope o Nowemapa 1, 2024, ʻoiai nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke kauoha ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa hou.

Leka Lawe-Home

  • ʻO Aduhelm (Aducanumab) kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻolauna ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi mua o Alzheimer, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia i kēia manawa.
  • ʻO kāna hana maʻamau, ʻo ia ke kōkua i ke kino e wehe i nā plaques amyloid e hōʻiliʻili ana i loko o ka lolo.
  • Ua nui ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma ke kaiāulu lapaʻau e pili ana i ka pono o kēia lāʻau. ʻOiai ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i kahi pōmaikaʻi iki, ʻaʻole kekahi.
  • ʻAʻole i wehe ʻia kēia mai ka hana ʻana ma muli o kahi pilikia palekana, akā no ka mea ua hoʻoholo ka ʻoihana hana e kau i kāna mau kumuwaiwai ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.
  • Inā he mau hopohopo a nīnau paha kāu a i ʻole kekahi mea aloha e pili ana i ka maʻi Alzheimer, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa e hana ai, ʻo ia ke kūkākūkā me kāu kauka ʻohana a i ʻole kekahi loea. Mai hoʻoholo wale ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele.

ʻO Alzheimer's, Aducanumab, Aduhelm, Poho Hoʻomanaʻo, Maʻi Lolo, Mālama ʻElemakule, Leqembi, Maʻi Neurological
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

ʻAʻohe manaʻo i kau ʻia. Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi no ka manawa mua.

Hoʻohui i kāu manaʻo

E ʻoluʻolu e helu: 8 + 7 =