Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka ʻeha mau o ka ʻōpū a me ka maʻi kahe i mau no kekahi mau lā? Hoʻokuʻu pinepine mākou i kēia mau mea me he hihia maʻalahi o ka lāʻau make meaʻai a i ʻole kahi maʻi ʻōpū. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke hōʻailona i kahi maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi e hiki ke hōʻino nui i kāu ʻōnaehana digestive. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻo C. diff (Clostridioides difficile).
He aha ka C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo C. diff kahi ʻano bacteria i ʻike ʻia ʻo Clostridioides difficile . Hiki i kēia bacteria ke hoʻopilikia i kou ʻōpū nui (colon), e alakaʻi ana i nā hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu ʻole e like me ka maʻi pākī.
ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana bacteria i loko o ka colon, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ka maʻi C. diff. ʻO kēia no ka mea, hana ʻo Clostridioides difficile i nā mea ʻawahia e hōʻino i nā pūnaewele e uhi ana i kou colon, e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū i ʻike ʻia ʻo colitis. Aia ke koʻikoʻi o kāu mau hōʻailona i ka nui o ka pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia toxin, a i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kēia kūlana ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
ʻIke mua ʻia ʻo Clostridium difficile , ʻo ka inoa lapaʻau hou i kēia manawa ʻo Clostridioides difficile .
Pehea ka maʻamau o ka maʻi C. diff?
He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka maʻi C. diff (CDI) no ke olakino honua. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa nā helu kikoʻī o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, aia ma kahi o 500,000 mau hihia i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e kōkua ana i kahi o 15,000 mau make. ʻAʻole kēia he kūlana e lawe māmā ʻia.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi C. diff?
ʻO ka hōʻailona mua loa i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala wai a palupalu. I nā hihia palupalu, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi pākī ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu manawa i ka lā me ka ʻeha iki o ka ʻōpū.
I ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi, piʻi ka pinepine o ka maʻi diarrhea—i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka 10-15 mau manawa i ka lā. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā koena koko i loko o kou ʻōpala. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe:
- ʻEha mau o ka ʻōpū
- ʻO ka pehu ʻōpū a me ka distension
- Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi
- Ka nalowale o ka makemake
- kuni
- Ka helu puʻuwai kiʻekiʻe
I ka wā mua, hiki i nā hōʻailona o C. diff ke hoʻohālike i ka lāʻau make i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻōpū. Inā ʻoe e lawe nei i nā lāʻau antibiotic, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke kuhi hewa i ka maʻi diarrhea i ka hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau.
E hoʻomanaʻo: Hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi C. diff ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka maʻi pākī.
Pehea ke ʻano a me ke ʻala o ka ʻōpala C. diff?
I loko o ka maʻi C. diff, ʻo ka ʻōpala he pasty a porridge paha ma mua o ka wai piha. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoiai hiki ke hana pū me nā maʻi bacteria ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa, ʻike pinepine paha ʻoe i ke koko, ka mucus, a i ʻole ka pus i loko o ka ʻōpala.
Hōʻike ka nui o nā maʻi i kahi ʻala ʻokoʻa a ʻawaʻawa e pili ana me ka maʻi diarrhea C. diff. Ua wehewehe pinepine ʻia he ikaika loa me kahi ʻala ʻono a maʻi kūikawā, i hoʻoulu ʻia paha e nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā waikawa bile i loko o ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka maʻi.
He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi C. diff?
I loko o ke kanaka olakino, mālama ka ʻōpū i ka bacteria C. diff ma lalo o ke kaohi. Kū mai ka pilikia ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaulike kūlohelohe ma waena o ka bacteria "maikaʻi" a me ka "maikaʻi ʻole" i loko o kou ʻōpū. He mea nui kēlā mau bacteria kōkua no ka mālama ʻana i nā bacteria kūpono e like me C. diff.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka maʻi C. diff ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics. Hiki i nā antibiotics ke hoʻopilikia i kou microbiome ʻōpū, e ʻae ana iā C. diff e ulu nui me ka nānā ʻole ʻia.
Pehea e laha ai ʻo C. diff?
Hoʻolaha ʻo Clostridioides difficile ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā spores. Hiki i kēia mau spores microscopic ke ola ma luna o nā ʻili, nā noho, nā papa ʻaina, a me ka ʻili. Inā ʻoe e hoʻopā i kahi ʻili i haumia a laila hoʻopā i kou waha a ʻai paha me kou mau lima, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi.
No ke aha i maʻalahi ai ka hoʻoili ʻana o C. diff?
Ma waho o ke kino kanaka, hoʻololi ʻo C. diff i mau spores. He kūpaʻa loa kēia mau spores—kūʻē lākou i ka wela, nā waikawa, ka hapa nui o nā antibiotics, a me nā disinfectants maʻamau. Hiki iā lākou ke ola ma luna o nā ʻili no nā mahina.
Ua manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi aia ma kahi o 5% o ka heluna kanaka e lawe ana i ka C. diff i loko o ko lākou kolona me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, inā ua kaohi ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili iā ia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iaʻu ke noho a puni kekahi me C. diff?
ʻAe, akā pono ʻoe e hahai i nā hana palekana koʻikoʻi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻoili ʻana:
- E holoi pono i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai a holoi pinepine.
- Mai hoʻopā i kou ihu, waha, a i ʻole nā maka.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i nā ʻili o ka hale.
- E hoʻohana i nā lako pale pilikino (PPE) e like me nā mīkina lima, nā pale maka , a me nā ʻaʻahu inā ʻoe e mālama ana i kahi maʻi.
ʻO wai ka mea i ʻoi aku ka pilikia no C. diff?
Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana olakino ke hoʻonāwaliwali i nā pale o kou kino e kūʻē iā C. diff, me:
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū mumū (IBD): ʻO nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi a Crohn a me ka ulcerative colitis ke kumu o ka hōʻino mau ʻana i ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū (mucosa), e hōʻemi ana i ka palekana kūloko.
- ʻŌnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi pale kino, ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ka maʻi HIV , ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia kāu pane pale kino holoʻokoʻa. He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi kēia inā ʻoe e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunosuppressant.
ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe:
- Makahiki: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe ma luna o 65 ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka pale kino kūlohelohe, polypharmacy, a i ʻole ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi hoʻonohonoho. Hiki i nā pēpē liʻiliʻi ke loaʻa iā C. diff.
- Ka noho ʻana ma ka haukapila a i ʻole ka noho ʻana ma ke kaiāulu: Hoʻolaha maʻalahi ʻo C. diff i nā wahi noho nui e like me nā haukapila a i ʻole nā hale mālama. Hiki i nā spore ke noho ma nā ʻili like no nā mahina, a ʻo nā lumi ʻauʻau i kaʻana like ʻia e kōkua i ka laha wikiwiki.
I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhikuhi pono i ke kumu kūpono o ka maʻi C. diff. ʻOiai he nui nā kumu e hoʻopilikia i kou olakino ʻōpū, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi me ka ʻole o nā kumu pilikia maopopo.
He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana o ka maʻi C. diff?
Hiki i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o kou kūlana e pili ana i kekahi mau kumu, me ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka bacteria, ka ikaika o kou ʻōnaehana pale, a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa.
Inā he nui aʻe kou mau kumu pilikia, ʻoi aku kou maʻalahi i ka maʻi nui a i ʻole nā maʻi e kū hou ana, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino holomua i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau:
- Ka maʻi hou: Ma kahi o 20% o nā maʻi e ʻike hou i ka maʻi i loko o ʻelua a ʻewalu pule ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka pilikia hou he 40% o ka maʻi hou ʻana ma hope.
- Ka maloʻo ʻana o ka wai a me ka nalowale o nā electrolytes: Inā nalowale kou kino i nā wai a me nā electrolytes ma mua o kou hiki ke hoʻololi iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kū i nā hopena ʻino e like me ka haʻahaʻa o ke koko a me ke koko haʻahaʻa. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa.
- Pseudomembranous colitis: He ʻano koʻikoʻi kēia o ka colitis i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā membrane inflammatory mānoanoa, like me ka ʻōpala ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o kou kolona.
I ka piʻi ʻana o ka pōʻino mai nā mea ʻawahia bacteria, hiki ke kū mai nā pilikia hou aʻe:
- Ka liki ʻana o ka wai: Hiki ke liki ka wai mai kou kolona i loko o kou lua ʻōpū (kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia ʻo ascites), e hoʻoulu ai i ka pehu nui o ka ʻōpū. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nalowale i nā protein, e alakaʻi ana i nā pae albumin haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hopena i ka pehu hou aʻe a me ka luhi.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai: Hiki i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū, ka pehu ʻana, a me ka ʻeha i kou mau hono a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
- Megacolon ʻawahia: ʻOiai he mea kakaikahi, he kūlana hoʻoweliweli kēia i ke ola kahi e hoʻōki ai ka mumū nui i ka hana ʻana o ka colon. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka sepsis (ka lāʻau make koko).
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai kahi maʻi C. diff?
Inā hōʻike kāu mau hōʻailona i kahi maʻi C. diff, e hōʻiliʻili kāu kauka i kahi hāpana ʻōpala e hoʻouna aku i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e nānā i ke alo o nā mea ʻawahia C. diff.
Inā maikaʻi nā hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo, hiki i kāu kauka ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e nānā i kou kolona.
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi C. diff?
Hoʻopilikino ʻia ka lāʻau no C. diff i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. Inā ua hoʻoulu ʻia kāu maʻi e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic, e hoʻōki mua paha kāu kauka i kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
No kekahi poʻe, ua lawa kēia, no ka mea, hiki i nā pale kūlohelohe o kou ʻōpū ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike a kāohi i ka maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole, e kuhikuhi kāu kauka i nā lāʻau antibiotic kikoʻī i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopaʻa iā C. diff.
ʻO nā lāʻau antibiotic maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no C. diff:
- Metronidazole
- Vancomycin
- ʻO Fidaxomicin
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi ʻoluʻolu, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama maʻamau ma ka home a hoʻomaka e ʻoluʻolu i loko o kekahi mau lā. Eia nō naʻe, inā koʻikoʻi ka maʻi, pono paha ke komo ʻana i ka haukapila.
Ma ka haukapila, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā lāʻau antibiotics intravenously (IV) a me nā wai e pale aku ai i ka dehydration. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hāʻawi pololei ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka colon ma o kahi enema.
Pehea e pili ana i nā maʻi C. diff paʻakikī a koʻikoʻi paha?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, pono paha ʻoe e mālama ʻia ma kahi keʻena mālama koʻikoʻi. I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i nā kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ke ʻoki kino ulia pōpilikia (colectomy) e wehe i ke kumu o ka maʻi ma ka colon.
Inā ʻoe e hakakā nei me nā maʻi hoʻomau a hoʻi hou ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo kāu mau koho e komo pū me:
- Lapaʻau antibiotic hoʻolōʻihi: Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i kahi antibiotic ʻokoʻa a i ʻole kahi papa hana lōʻihi. Hiki iā lākou ke paipai i nā probiotics e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kāu bacteria ʻōpū ma hope o nā antibiotics.
- Hoʻoili ʻana i ka Fecal Microbiota (FMT): Ke hāʻule ka lāʻau lapaʻau antibiotic i hana hou ʻia, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka holomua nui o FMT i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o C. diff. Pili kēia i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻōpala mai kahi mea hāʻawi olakino i loko o ka colon o ka mea maʻi e hoʻoponopono hou i ka microbiome ʻōpū—e noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka "lepo olakino" i kahi māla e ʻae i nā mea kanu maikaʻi e ulu aʻe me ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā nāhelehele.
He aha nā hana palekana e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o C. diff?
Hahai nā loea mālama ola i nā kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi e pale aku i ka laha ʻana o kēia maʻi lele loa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma ka hahai ʻana i kēia mau hana:
- Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi, ʻo ka hana maikaʻi loa ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi lumi kaʻawale. Pono nā mea a pau e komo i loko o kou lumi e ʻaʻahu i nā mīkina lima hoʻolei a hoʻolei aku iā lākou i ka wā e haʻalele ai. No ka mea, laha ka maʻi ma o ka noho, e pale i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā lumi ʻauʻau. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ka kaʻana like ʻana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ka lima, ka noho lua, a me ka wahi a puni me kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe bleach ma hope o kēlā me kēia hoʻohana.
- Holoi lima: ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima e kūʻē iā C. diff, no laila he mea nui ka holoi pono ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai mahana. Pili kēia i nā mea a pau e mālama ana iā ʻoe.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: ʻAʻole pepehi ka nui o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau iā C. diff. Eia nō naʻe, he kūpono nā huahana i loaʻa ka bleach. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i nā ʻili āpau āu e hoʻopā ai, ʻoiai ma ka lumi ʻauʻau.
- E lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic e like me ke kauoha: Mai lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic a haʻi a mai mālama i nā lāʻau antibiotic i koe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He aha kāu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻo C. diff?
He akahai ka hapa nui o nā maʻi C. diff a hoʻopau ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kūlana, hiki i kekahi manawa ke holomua wikiwiki loa.
Inā he mau kumu pilikia kou no C. diff, ʻoi aku kou pilikia no ka maʻi nui a i ʻole nā maʻi e hoʻi hou ana e pono ai ke mālama ola kino mau.
Hoʻoholo anei ʻo C. diff iā ia iho?
ʻAe, hiki i kou kino ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka maʻi inā loaʻa hou ka ikaika o kāu bacteria ʻōpū olakino a lanakila i ka C. diff. ʻO kēia paha inā ikaika kāu microbiome ʻōpū a ʻaʻohe ou pilikia olakino maʻi.
Inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāu maʻi e nā lāʻau antibiotic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ke hoʻōki ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau. Eia naʻe, mai kali lōʻihi; inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i loko o kekahi mau lā, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
Inā loaʻa iaʻu ʻo C. diff i hoʻokahi manawa, e loaʻa mau anei iaʻu?
Hiki ke noho kekahi mau bacteria ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke noho me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. Inā e ola kino ana kāu bacteria ʻōpū maikaʻi, kōkua lākou e mālama i ka *Clostridioides difficile*.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi e hoʻi hou mai ana, ʻo ia pinepine no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻōla piha ʻia kāu bacteria maikaʻi. Hiki i nā maʻi e hoʻi hou mai ana ke lilo i ʻano hou o ke ʻano mua, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa he mau maʻi hou loa lākou.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia olakino lōʻihi ma hope o ka maʻi C. diff?
ʻO ka hopohopo lōʻihi maʻamau ka maʻi e hoʻomau hou ʻia a mau paha (Clostridioides difficile) . Hana pinepine kēia no ka mea e hakakā ana kou kolona e hoʻōla piha. Hiki ke lohi ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla o kou kolona inā:
- Ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi ʻino i hōʻino nui i ka uhi o kou ʻōpū.
- Ua pono ʻoe i ka lāʻau antibiotic no ka manawa lōʻihi, a i ʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i nā antibiotic hou aʻe e mālama ai i ka C. diff ponoʻī.
- Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi olakino mau loa e hoʻopilikia ana i kou ʻōpū a i ʻole kou ʻōnaehana pale maʻi.
- Ua ʻoi aku ʻoe ma mua o 65 mau makahiki.
I nā hihia kakaikahi, loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā maʻi autoimmune ma hope o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi. Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e noho mau ana kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kahi kūlana "hoʻāla ʻia", e hoʻomau ana i ka hana me he mea lā e mau ana kahi maʻi ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ʻana o ka bacteria.
ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau ma hope o ka maʻi e pili ana me C. diff e komo pū me ka Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) ma hope o ka maʻi a me ka reactive arthritis.
Nā nīnau e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka e pili ana iā C. diff
Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke kūkākūkā i kēia mau mea me kāu mea mālama ola kino:
- Pehea ke koʻikoʻi o koʻu maʻi i kēia manawa?
- Aia anei au i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia?
- He aha nā hōʻailona e ho'ōla hou ana au?
- Āhea wau e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku ai iā ʻoe, a āhea wau e ʻimi ai i ka mālama ulia pōpilikia?
- Pono wau e kuhikuhi i kahi gastroenterologist?
- He aha kaʻu mau koho lapaʻau inā hoʻi hou mai ka maʻi?
ʻO (Clostridioides difficile) kahi bacteria hiki ke noho me ka ʻino ʻole i loko o kou ʻōpū. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e lilo ai ia i mea nui, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi. He mea maʻamau loa ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka maʻi diarrhea mau a pehea e hoʻopilikia ai i kou ʻano ola. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hilahila e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā pilikia ʻōpū. E ʻoluʻolu, mai ʻae i kēlā mau manaʻo e pale iā ʻoe mai ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua āu e pono ai.
No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole alakaʻi ʻo C. diff i nā pilikia, a hoʻōla koke a piha lākou. Eia nō naʻe, inā he mau kumu pilikia kou, hiki i ke kūlana ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi. E hoʻomanaʻo he maʻi laha loa kēia maʻi, hoʻomau, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻi hou.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diarrhea ma hope o ka lawe ʻana (nā antibiotics) , e kelepona koke aku i kāu kauka. Mai lawe i nā lāʻau anti-diarrheal ma luna o ke kūʻai aku, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ke kūlana. Inā manaʻo ʻoe he maʻi C. diff kou, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.
Nā mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai
He bacteria ʻo C. diff hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi ʻino koʻikoʻi, e alakaʻi ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi pākī a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka hapa pinepine ia ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā (antibiotics) , hiki iā ia ke pepehi i nā bacteria olakino i loko o kou ʻōpū, e ʻae ana iā C. diff e ulu nui.
He mea laha loa ka maʻi, no laila he mea nui ka holoi pono ʻana i ka lima a me nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻOi aku ka pilikia o nā poʻe ʻelemakule, ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali, a me ka poʻe ma nā wahi haukapila.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona, e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau. Me ka mālama kūpono, hiki ke hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻia, akā hiki i nā lohi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia.
E hoʻopau mau i kāu papa lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka.
Lana ko mākou manaʻo e kōkua kēia ʻike iā ʻoe ma kāu huakaʻi i ka hoʻōla ʻana. E noho olakino me Nirogi Lanka!
