Me ka lono e lilo ana ʻoe i makuahine, pono ʻoe e kū i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau he nui, ʻeā? Malia paha ua makaʻu iki ʻoe a hoihoi i kēia mau hoʻokolohua. He mea maʻamau ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā nīnau e like me "Pono anei au e hana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua a pau? He aha kā lākou e ʻimi nei?" No laila, i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia i ka wā hāpai .
No ke aha he mea nui kēia mau hoʻokolohua?
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e noʻonoʻo ai i kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka wā hāpai, ʻo ia ka hōʻoia nui ʻana ua olakino ʻoe a me kāu pēpē. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻōlelo nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻokolohua e holo pono ana nā mea āpau. He mea hōʻoluʻolu maoli nō ia, ʻeā?
Eia kekahi, hana kēia mau hoʻokolohua i kahi mea nui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kekahi mau kūlana e hiki ke mālama ʻia a ho'ōla koke ʻia. No ka laʻana, hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke ʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kūlana e like me ka hemahema hao ( anemia ) a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes gestational. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai nou ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i mea koʻikoʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e nānā ana i nā pilikia genetic, no ka laʻana , Down syndrome , cystic fibrosis , a i ʻole spina bifida . He mea maʻamau i nā mākua ke hopohopo iki i ka wā e lohe ai lākou e pili ana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua.
ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kēia mau hoʻokolohua nānā wale nō ke hāʻawi i kahi kuhi o ka pilikia. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻoholo inā loaʻa i kāu pēpē kahi maʻi . Hōʻike wale lākou iā ʻoe inā he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka pilikia ma mua o ka maʻamau a no laila inā pono ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana.
No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono iā ʻoe, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kēia mau mea āpau me ka ʻole o ka hūnā ʻana i kekahi mea . E hōʻoia e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mea e nānā ai ka hoʻokolohua, pehea ka pololei, inā he mau pilikia e pili ana, a me nā hana āu e hiki ai ke hana inā ʻaʻole like nā hopena me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻAe, e nānā kākou i nā hoʻokolohua nui āu e kū ai i loko o kēia mau mahina ʻeiwa.
Nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia i ka trimester mua (mahina 1-3)
Eia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua i hana pinepine ʻia i nā mahina ʻekolu mua o ka hāpai ʻana.
| Hoʻāʻo | He aha kāu e ʻike ai ma kēia? |
|---|---|
| Nā hoʻāʻo koko | Nānā ʻia kou ʻano koko a me ka Rh factor, ka pale ʻana i ka rubella (German measles), nā pae hao (hemoglobin), nā maʻi e like me ka hepatitis B, syphilis, a me ka HIV. I kekahi manawa, nānā ʻia ka pilikia o nā maʻi hoʻoilina e like me ka thalassemia a me ka sickle cell anemia. |
| Nā hoʻāʻo mimi | Hoʻohana ʻia ka hormone hCG e nānā i nā maʻi puʻupaʻa a e hōʻoia i ka hāpai ʻana. Hoʻāʻo ʻia ka mimi no ke kō (he hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes) a me kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo albumin (he hōʻailona o ka preeclampsia, kahi maʻi koko kiʻekiʻe) i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana. |
| ʻO Pap Smear a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe | Hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo Pap e nānā i nā hunaola kanesa cervical. Hiki iā ia ke nānā i nā maʻi i laha ma ke ʻano moekolohe e like me ka chlamydia a me ka gonorrhea, a me nā maʻi bacteria e hiki ai ke hānau mua. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia no ka pēpē. |
| Ka Laʻana ʻana o nā Villus Chorionic (CVS) | ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻāʻo no nā kānaka a pau. He hoʻāʻo kūikawā ia i ʻōlelo ʻia no nā makuahine ma luna o 35 a i ʻole ka poʻe me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā maʻi genetic. Hana ʻia ma waena o 10 a me 12 mau pule a hiki ke ʻike i nā kīnā genetic e like me Down syndrome. He liʻiliʻi loa ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hāpai keiki o 1%. |
E aʻo pū kākou e pili ana i ka Hoʻāʻo Hui Pū ʻia.
I kēia mau lā iho nei, ua puka mai kahi ʻano hana holomua hou aʻe e ʻike ai i ka pilikia o nā maʻi e like me Down syndrome. Pili kēia i ke ana ʻana i ka hCG i loko o ke koko o ka makuahine ma waena o 10 a me 14 mau pule.a me nā pae hormone PAP-A. Eia kekahi, hana ʻia kahi scan ultrasound e ana i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili ma ke kua o ka ʻāʻī o ke pēpē (ua kapa ʻia kēia he nuchal-translucency ). Hoʻohui ʻia nā hopena o nā mea ʻelua e helu i ka pilikia.
Nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia i ka lua o ka trimester (mahina 4-6)
Eia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua nui āu e hana ai i ka wā hāpai.
| Hoʻāʻo | He aha kāu e ʻike ai ma kēia? |
|---|---|
| Nānā ʻana i nā Māka Helu | He hoʻāʻo koko i hana ʻia ma waena o 15 a me 18 mau pule. Nānā ia i nā pae o ka alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) a me ʻelua mau hormones ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e ka pēpē. Inā ʻokoʻa kēia mau pae, aia paha kahi pilikia o kahi maʻi e like me Down syndrome a i ʻole kahi kīnā neural-tube. E hoʻomanaʻo, he pilikia wale nō kēia. |
| ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o ka ultrasound | Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia scan, ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia ma waena o 18 a me 20 mau pule, e ʻike maopopo inā e ulu pono ana nā ʻōpū āpau o ka pēpē. Hiki iā ia ke nānā i nā mea he nui e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka pēpē, pehea ke kūlana o ke pēpē, inā he mau māhoe, a me kahi o ka placenta. ʻO kēia ka hoʻāʻo a nā mākua he nui e makemake ai no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻike maopopo i kā lākou pēpē. |
| Nānā ʻana i ka Glucose | He hoʻāʻo e nānā i ka maʻi diabetes gestational ma waena o nā pule 25 a me 28. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi mea inu glucose a nānā ʻia kou pae kō koko i hoʻokahi hola ma hope. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test) e hōʻoia hou aku. |
| ʻAmniocentesis | ʻAʻole kēia no nā kānaka a pau. Manaʻo ʻia ma waena o 15 a me 18 mau pule no nā makuahine ma luna o 35, he kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o nā maʻi genetic, a i ʻole he mau hopena ʻē aʻe mai kahi hoʻāʻo screening ma mua. Maanei, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi nila lahilahi loa ma o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi scan, a lawe ʻia kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o ka wai amniotic e hoʻopuni ana i ka pēpē. Hiki i kēia ke ʻike i nā kīnā genetic me ka pololei 99%. He haʻahaʻa loa ka pilikia o ka hāʻule ʻana, ma 0.5%. |
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻAʻole ia he mea e makaʻu ai nā hoʻāʻo hāpai, ua hana ʻia lākou no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke olakino o ʻoe a me kāu pēpē.
- ʻIke mua nā hoʻokolohua he nui i nā kūlana hiki ke mālama ʻia, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hānau olakino.
- ʻO nā hoʻokolohua nānā no nā maʻi hoʻoilina e hōʻike wale i ka pilikia. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻoholo inā loaʻa i ka pēpē ka maʻi.
- Inā he kānalua a nīnau paha kāu e pili ana i kekahi hoʻokolohua, e kūkākūkā ākea me kāu kauka . E kōkua ia iā ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi loa nāu.
- He huakaʻi nani a kupaianaha kēia. He kōkua wale nō kēia mau hoʻāʻo no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kēlā huakaʻi i mea palekana aʻe.
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