Koj puas paub txog tej yam uas yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam hauv plab raug mob? (Teratogens) Cia peb tham txog qhov no!

Yog koj yog ib leej niam uas yuav yug menyuam, tej zaum koj yuav xav ntau txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj tus menyuam hauv plab. Qhov tseeb, qee yam uas koj raug thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus menyuam raug mob. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov khoom zoo li no, uas hauv kev kho mob peb hu ua 'teratogens'.

Cov tshuaj teratogen no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj teratogens yog cov tshuaj uas, yog tias noj lossis raug thaum cev xeeb tub, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob nkeeg hauv koj lub cev xeeb tub lossis tus menyuam hauv plab. Cov no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg , qee yam kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj lom . Teratogens tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rho menyuam , yug ntxov, lossis txawm tias tuag yug .

Qhov txaus ntshai ntawm teratogen txiav txim siab li cas?

Tam sim no, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev raug mob rau teratogen yog nyob ntawm ntau yam:

• Txawm yog tshuaj dab tsi, tshuaj dab tsi, lossis tshuaj lom dab tsi los xij. Tsis yog txhua yam muaj tib yam txiaj ntsig.
• Koj raug nws ntev npaum li cas? Puas yog nws yog ib lub sijhawm luv luv, ob peb hnub, lossis ob peb hlis xwb?
• Tus nqi (koob tshuaj lossis ntau npaum li cas) ntawm kev raug tshuaj. Me me lossis ntau?
• Lub hnub nyoog cev xeeb tub yog tus naj npawb ntawm lub lis piam uas tus menyuam nyob hauv plab thaum lub sijhawm uas tus menyuam raug tso tawm. Qhov no yog vim muaj lub sijhawm uas ntau yam kabmob ntawm tus menyuam loj hlob.
• Tej yam uas los ntawm noob caj ces tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam muaj feem yuav mob ntxiv. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm noob caj ces.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom nyob deb ntawm cov hom teratogens no thoob plaws cev xeeb tub ntau li ntau tau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev raug rau lawv thaum lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb .

Cov teeb meem teratogens uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias ntawm 4% thiab 5% ntawm cov menyuam yug los tsis zoo yog los ntawm kev raug rau teratogens. Thiab kev raug rau cov teratogens no kuj tau pom tias cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev . Yog li, qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv qhov yooj yim, puas yog?

Cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj teratogens yog dab tsi?

Cov tshuaj Teratogens yog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam raug mob thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev yug los, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rho menyuam, tuag menyuam, lossis lwm yam teeb meem ntawm cev xeeb tub . Cia peb saib qee qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb.

Cawv, luam yeeb, thiab tshuaj yeeb ua si lom zem

Cov no yog cov hom teratogens uas feem ntau cov neeg paub txog.

• Cawv: Cawv cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb ntawm tus menyuam. Haus cawv thaum cev xeeb tub ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob hu ua Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag txawv txawv, lub taub hau me me thiab lub hlwb, thiab lwm yam teeb meem ntawm lub cev thiab tus cwj pwm.

Tsis muaj cawv ntau npaum li cas uas suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum cev xeeb tub.

• Luam yeeb: Kev haus luam yeeb tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab loj hlob qeeb, hnyav me nyuam yug los tsawg, thiab poob qis. Kev haus luam yeeb kuj ua rau tus menyuam lub ntsws thiab lub hlwb puas tsuaj.
• Cov Tshuaj: Cov tshuaj xws li cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, thiab marijuana siv thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam yug los tsis hnyav, muaj teeb meem plawv, thiab mob hu ua Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Kev rho tawm tshuaj yog qhov tsis xis nyob uas tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam yug los. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib koom koob txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob.

Cov tshuaj

Qee cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj yog cov tshuaj teratogens. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam tshuaj uas koj noj. Thaum yuav cov tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj, nyeem daim ntawv lo kom zoo zoo. Yog tias koj muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham tam sim ntawd. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob siv nws kom txog thaum koj tau txais nws cov lus qhia.

Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau teratogenic yog:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qaug dab peg (AEDs)
• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob
• Cov tshuaj Anticoagulants (cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov ntshav nyias)
• Cov tshuaj antithyroid
• Vitamin A (feem ntau nyob rau hauv qee cov tshuaj pleev tawv nqaij)
• Cov tshuaj hormones

Xav txog seb, koj muaj mob qaug dab peg, thiab koj noj tshuaj zoo li '(Phenytoin)' rau nws. Nws tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau tus menyuam, tab sis cov tshuaj ntawd yuav tseem ceeb rau koj lub neej. Nyob rau lub sijhawm zoo li no, cov kws kho mob yuav ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev noj tshuaj thiab txiav txim siab seb yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg tshaj plaws thaum cev xeeb tub.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub raug faib ua pawg li cas?

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (FDA) tau tsim ib txoj kev faib cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj thaum cev xeeb tub. Nws muaj tsib pawg: A, B, C, D, thiab X.

Xyoo 2015, muaj ib lub tshuab tshiab hu ua Txoj Cai Sau Npe Rau Cov Neeg Cev Xeeb Tub thiab Pub Niam Mis (PLLR). Qhov no tau tshem tawm cov pawg ntawv yav dhau los. Lub tshuab PLLR muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kws kho mob uas lawv xav tau los txiav txim siab thaum kho cov niam cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis. Nws suav nrog ntau yam ntxiv thiab nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo dua rau cov kws kho mob.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua yog cia koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej yug menyuam txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj raws li lawv qhov kev txawj ntse.

Cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob

Cov kab mob sib kis, cov kab mob virus, cov kab mob parasite, thiab lwm yam kab mob bacterial tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tus poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab nws tus menyuam hauv plab. Lub npe luv '(TORCH)' pab faib qee qhov kev kis kab mob no:

• T – `(Toxoplasmosis)` (kev kis kab mob los ntawm cov quav miv)
• O – Lwm yam kab mob – piv txwv li, Group B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida thiab cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev (STIs).
• R – `(Rubella)` (Rubella)
• C – `(Cytomegalovirus – CMV)` (Cytomegalovirus)
• H – `(Tus kab mob Herpes Simplex)` (Tus kab mob Herpes Simplex)
• Ntxiv rau qhov no, cov kab mob zoo li '(Syphilis)' kuj tseem tuaj yeem poob rau hauv pawg no.

Lwm yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub lossis teeb meem rau tus menyuam muaj xws li:

• Kab mob qaib thiab kab mob shingles
• Kab mob siab B, Kab mob siab C thiab lwm yam kab mob siab
• Kab mob HIV (HIV)
• Kab mob thib tsib

Cov tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj lom neeg, lossis lwm yam yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev

Qee cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj lom tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus menyuam yug los. Cov kev tsis zoo no tuaj yeem suav nrog spina bifida, cleft palate, lossis teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj lom no suav nrog:

• Kev raug hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, los ntawm X-rays) lossis chemotherapy
• Cov pas dej kub, cov chaw sauna, lossis lwm yam chaw kub uas ua rau koj lub cev kub ntxiv
• Mercury (pom muaj nyob rau hauv qee hom ntses)
• Cov hlau txhuas (muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab cov kav dej hauv cov tsev qub)
• Cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov hlau hnyav hauv chaw ua haujlwm lossis cov chaw tsim khoom

Cov mob nkeeg ntev

Qee cov kab mob ntev uas koj muaj kuj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus menyuam muaj feem yuav yug tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, ntshav qab zib mellitus, kab mob thyroid, thiab cov kab mob autoimmune xws li lupus lossis rheumatoid arthritis. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug rau teratogens feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tshuaj siv los kho cov mob no, lossis los ntawm cov mob kho mob tsis zoo.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog tej yam mob uas koj muaj ua ntej thiab cov tshuaj uas koj noj rau lawv. Tej zaum koj kuj yuav tsum hloov txoj kev uas koj tswj koj cov mob ntev thaum cev xeeb tub.

Thaum twg qhov kev raug mob teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub phem tshaj?

Kev raug cov tshuaj teratogens muaj teeb meem txhua lub sijhawm thaum cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm yim lub lis piam thawj zaug ntawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov no yog vim ntau yam ntawm cov kab ke thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tus menyuam tab tom tsim thaum lub sijhawm no, ua rau tus menyuam muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj teratogens. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov tshuaj teratogens tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam thaum ntxov li ob lub lis piam tom qab cev xeeb tub, thaum cov phev fertilizes lub qe.

Piv txwv li, cov teeb meem ntawm lub hlab ntsha hauv lub cev (NTDs) tshwm sim ua ntej tsib lub lis piam ntawm kev cev xeeb tub. Lub hlab ntsha hauv lub cev yog qhov chaw uas lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum tsim. NTDs tshwm sim thaum lub hlab ntsha hauv lub cev tsis kaw zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thaum yug los.

Cov teratogens ua rau muaj teeb meem dab tsi thaum yug los?

Cov tshuaj Teratogens paub tias ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thaum yug los. Qee qhov feem ntau yog:

• Teeb meem nrog lub hlwb lossis tus txha caj qaum, piv txwv li, ib feem lossis tag nrho tsis muaj lub hlwb (anencephaly)
• Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev lossis cov qauv, piv txwv li, cov pob txha me me lossis cov khoom ntawm lub cev uas ploj lawm
• Cleft di ncauj thiab palate
• Kev tsis taus ntawm kev txawj ntse lossis teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb (kev puas hlwb)
• Teeb meem plawv lossis kab mob plawv

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub?

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj teratogens yog npaj ua ntej, yog tias ua tau. Thaum npaj cev xeeb tub, koj tuaj yeem tswj cov mob ntev thiab hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej, xws li tso kev haus luam yeeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Thaum koj cev xeeb tub lawm, muaj ntau yam uas koj ua tau los txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug cov tshuaj teratogens:

• Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj uas koj noj.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, haus dej cawv, thiab siv yeeb tshuaj lom zem kiag li.
• Tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev noj haus, cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj, lossis cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj yam tsis tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
• Tsis txhob ntxuav cov thawv xuab zeb rau miv.
• Tsis txhob mus rau hauv cov pas dej kub, cov chaw sauna, thiab txhua yam uas ua rau koj lub cev kub zuj zus.
• Tsis txhob noj cov ntses uas muaj mercury ntau, xws li ntses tuna thiab ntses swordfish.
• Tham nrog koj tus thawj saib xyuas lossis lub chaw haujlwm pabcuam tib neeg txog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum qhib siab thiab ncaj ncees nrog koj tus kws kho mob thaum cev xeeb tub. Qhov no suav nrog kev qhia qhov tseeb txog kev haus dej cawv lossis siv tshuaj yeeb uas koj muaj. Lawv nyob ntawd los pab koj kom muaj kev xeeb tub nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tsis txhob ntshai nug koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej noj tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntxiv. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom ceev faj ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub.

Thaum kawg, tej yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Kev tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam hauv plab los ntawm cov tshuaj teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam tsis zoo. Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog kom paub tias qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem hla mus rau koj tus menyuam hauv plab thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Kev zam cov tshuaj teratogens tuaj yeem pab ua kom cev xeeb tub noj qab nyob zoo thiab muab rau koj tus menyuam lub neej zoo.

Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj uas koj noj, koj haus dej cawv, thiab tej yam mob hauv koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm lossis ib puag ncig koj nyob. Nws teb tau koj cov lus nug txog yam uas ua rau koj yug los tsis zoo thiab yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam.