Yog tias koj tab tom yuav muaj menyuam, nws yog ib qho ntuj tsim uas koj yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj tus menyuam me. Qhov tseeb, kev raug rau qee yam ib puag ncig thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus menyuam loj hlob muaj kev pheej hmoo. Niaj hnub no, peb xav tham txog cov yam no - hu ua 'teratogens'.
Cov tshuaj Teratogens yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj teratogens yog cov tshuaj uas, yog tias koj noj lossis nqus tau thaum koj cev xeeb tub, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem yug los (kev puas tsuaj ntawm koj lub cev xeeb tub) hauv koj lub cev xeeb tub lossis tus menyuam hauv plab. Cov no tuaj yeem suav nrog cov tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg , qee yam kab mob, lossis cov tshuaj lom . Kev raug cov tshuaj teratogens tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rho menyuam , yug ua ntej lub sijhawm, lossis txawm tias yug tuag.
Dab tsi txiav txim siab qhov hnyav ntawm teratogen?
Qib kev pheej hmoo uas ua los ntawm teratogen nyob ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb:
- Hom tshuaj, tshuaj, lossis tshuaj lom. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg sawv cev cuam tshuam rau kev xeeb tub tib yam.
- Lub sijhawm raug tshuaj lom. Puas yog ib qho kev sib ntsib luv luv xwb, lossis kev raug tshuaj lom kav ntev li ob peb hnub lossis ntau lub hlis?
- Qib ntawm kev raug tshuaj (dosage). Qhov ntau npaum li cas me me los yog loj?
- Lub hnub nyoog cev xeeb tub thaum lub sijhawm raug tus kab mob no. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev vim tias cov kab mob sib txawv tsim thaum lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm koj tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob.
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces. Koj cov qauv caj ces tshwj xeeb yuav ua rau koj tus menyuam yaus muaj feem yuav raug kev pheej hmoo ntau dua lossis tsawg dua.
Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj teratogens thoob plaws hauv koj cev xeeb tub yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau pem hauv ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, thov nco ntsoov tias kev raug tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb, lub sijhawm rhiab heev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tshwj xeeb.
Cov teeb meem teratogens uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam feem ntau tshwm sim li cas?
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kwv yees li 4% txog 5% ntawm txhua yam kab mob uas muaj txij thaum yug los muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev raug tshuaj teratogenic. Ntxiv mus, cov kev raug tshuaj no tau pom tias muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev ntawm tus menyuam. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem uas tsim nyog koj mloog zoo thiab ceev faj.
Cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj teratogens yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj Teratogens yog cov tshuaj uas paub tias ua rau muaj kev phom sij, txawm tias los ntawm kev ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev xeeb tub, poob cev xeeb tub, lossis lwm yam teeb meem ntawm lub cev xeeb tub . Cia peb tshawb nrhiav cov pawg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Cawv, Luam Yeeb, thiab Tshuaj Lom Zem
Cov no yog tej zaum cov hom teratogens paub zoo tshaj plaws.
- Cawv: Cawv cuam tshuam rau koj tus menyuam lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab . Kev haus cawv thaum cev xeeb tub ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis zoo, lub taub hau me dua, thiab kev coj cwj pwm thiab lub cev tsis zoo.
Tsis muaj ib qho kev paub tias haus dej cawv ntau npaum li cas thaum cev xeeb tub.
- Luam yeeb: Kev haus luam yeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab tsis loj hlob zoo, yug ntxov, thiab poob cev xeeb tub. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij mos mos thiab lub hlwb uas tseem tab tom loj hlob puas tsuaj mus tas li.
- Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem:Cov tshuaj xws li cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, thiab marijuana tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam yug los tsis hnyav, muaj teeb meem plawv, thiab Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome—uas yog ib qho mob uas tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob rho menyuam tom qab yug los. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj sib koom muaj feem yuav kis tau kab mob hauv cov ntshav.
Cov tshuaj
Cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv yuav tshuaj qee zaum ua haujlwm ua cov tshuaj teratogens. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej noj cov tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj ntxiv. Ib txwm nyeem cov ntawv lo kom zoo zoo. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd; nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob siv nws kom txog thaum koj tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm kws tshaj lij.
Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ua rau teratogenic muaj xws li:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qaug dab peg (AEDs)
- Cov tshuaj tua kab mob
- Cov tshuaj Anticoagulants (cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov ntshav nyias)
- Cov tshuaj antithyroid
- Cov Vitamin A ntau (pom muaj nyob rau hauv qee cov tshuaj pleev tawv nqaij)
- Cov tshuaj hormones
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tswj tau ib yam mob xws li qaug dab peg, koj yuav xav tau tshuaj xws li phenytoin. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua tib zoo ntsuas qhov txaus ntshai thiab cov txiaj ntsig kom ntseeg tau tias koj thiab koj tus menyuam nyob twj ywm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb li sai tau thaum tswj koj cov kev xav tau kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj no raug faib ua pawg li cas thaum cev xeeb tub?
Yav tas los, US FDA tau siv txoj kev faib ua pawg raws li tsab ntawv (A, B, C, D, X) los faib cov kev pheej hmoo. Xyoo 2015, qhov no tau hloov los ntawm Txoj Cai Sau Npe Rau Cov Tshuaj Thaum Cev Xeeb Tub thiab Pub Niam Mis (PLLR). Txoj cai no muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxiv, muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus los pab cov kws kho mob txiav txim siab zoo rau cov neeg mob cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis.
Kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ntseeg koj tus kws kho mob kom soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm txhua yam tshuaj raws li koj cov ntaub ntawv kho mob tshwj xeeb.
Cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob
Cov kab mob sib kis, cov kab mob virus, cov kab mob parasitic, thiab cov kab mob bacterial ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau koj thiab koj tus menyuam. Lub npe luv 'TORCH' pab cov kws kho mob faib cov kab mob sib kis uas muaj feem yuav kis tau ntau:
- T - Toxoplasmosis (feem ntau kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov quav miv)
- O - Lwm yam kab mob (piv txwv li, Group B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida, thiab STIs)
- R - Rubella
- C - Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Kab mob H - Herpes Simplex
- Kab mob syphilis kuj suav nrog rau hauv pawg kev pheej hmoo no.
Lwm yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj teeb meem suav nrog:
- Kab mob qhua pias thiab mob ntsws
- Kab mob siab B, kab mob siab C, thiab lwm yam kab mob siab viral
- Kab mob HIV
- Kab mob thib tsib
Cov Tshuaj Lom, Cov Tshuaj Lom, thiab Cov Yam Ntxim Saib ntawm Ib puag ncig
Qee cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj lom hauv ib puag ncig tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv cev xeeb tub, suav nrog cov teeb meem xws li Spina Bifida, Cleft Palate, lossis cov teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb. Piv txwv ntawm cov kev phom sij no suav nrog:
- Kev raug hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, X-rays) lossis kev kho mob qog noj ntshav (Chemotherapy)
- Cov pas dej kub, cov chaw sauna, lossis lwm yam chaw kub uas ua rau koj lub cev kub ntxiv
- Mercury (pom muaj nyob rau hauv qee hom ntses)
- Cov hlau txhuas (feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab cov kav dej ntawm cov tsev qub)
- Cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov hlau hnyav pom muaj nyob rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm lossis chaw tsim khoom
Cov Mob Uas Kho Tau Ntev
Tej yam mob ntev uas koj muaj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus menyuam muaj feem yuav yug tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, mob ntshav qab zib, mob thyroid, thiab mob autoimmune xws li Lupus lossis Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug rau teratogens feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tshuaj siv los kho cov mob no lossis los ntawm cov mob uas tsis tau tswj hwm zoo.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum tham txog tej yam mob uas koj muaj thiab cov tshuaj uas koj noj nrog koj tus kws kho mob. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hloov kho txoj kev npaj tswj hwm rau koj tus mob ntev thaum koj cev xeeb tub.
Thaum twg yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub?
Kev raug cov tshuaj teratogens muaj teeb meem rau txhua theem ntawm cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua thaum lub sijhawm yim lub lis piam thawj zaug ntawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov no yog vim tias, thaum lub sijhawm no, ntau yam ntawm koj tus menyuam lub cev thiab cov kab ke tseem tab tom loj hlob, ua rau tus menyuam hauv plab rhiab heev rau cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm teratogens. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias teratogens tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam thaum ntxov li ob lub lis piam tom qab cev xeeb tub.
Piv txwv li, Cov Kab Mob Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) tshwm sim ua ntej lub lim tiam thib tsib ntawm kev cev xeeb tub. Lub neural tube yog lub hauv paus rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha nqaj qaum. NTDs tshwm sim yog tias lub neural tube tsis kaw kom zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kev puas tsuaj thaum yug los.
Cov teeb meem teratogens uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj Teratogens paub tias ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem thaum yug los. Qee qhov teeb meem uas pom ntau tshaj plaws suav nrog:
- Teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb lossis tus txha caj qaum, xws li Anencephaly (qhov twg ib feem ntawm lub hlwb lossis pob txha taub hau ploj lawm)
- Kev ua tsis zoo ntawm lub cev lossis cov qauv, xws li cov ceg uas ploj lawm lossis cov khoom ntawm lub cev uas tsis zoo li qub
- Cleft di ncauj thiab palate
- Kev puas hlwb lossis teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb
- Teeb meem plawv lossis teeb meem plawv
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub?
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj teratogens yog npaj koj cev xeeb tub ua ntej yog tias ua tau. Kev npaj yuav pab koj tswj tau cov mob ntev thiab hloov pauv txoj kev ua neej, xws li tso kev haus luam yeeb.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Thaum koj cev xeeb tub lawm, muaj ob peb kauj ruam uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug tshuaj teratogen:
- Tham txog cov tshuaj uas koj noj nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
- Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, haus dej cawv, thiab tshuaj yeeb uas siv rau kev lom zem.
- Tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj ntxiv (supplements), cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tas yuav muaj ntawv yuav, lossis cov tshuaj ntsuab yam tsis tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej.
- Tsis txhob ntxuav cov thawv khib nyiab kom tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob.
- Tsis txhob mus rau hauv cov pas dej kub, cov chaw sauna, thiab txhua yam uas ua rau koj lub cev kub zuj zus.
- Tsis txhob noj cov ntses uas muaj mercury ntau, xws li ntses tuna thiab ntses swordfish.
- Tham nrog koj tus thawj saib xyuas lossis lub chaw haujlwm Human Resources txog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj nyob hauv koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob poj niam kom ncaj ncees thiab qhib siab thoob plaws koj cev xeeb tub. Qhov no suav nrog kev qhia qhov tseeb txog kev haus dej cawv lossis siv yeeb tshuaj. Lawv nyob ntawd los pab kom koj cev xeeb tub muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej pib noj tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntxiv. Kev ceev faj ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov lus kawg uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov
Kev tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam ntawm cov tshuaj teratogens thaum cev xeeb tub pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum yug los. Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog paub txog qee yam tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag koj tus menyuam thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Kev zam cov tshuaj teratogens pab ua kom cev xeeb tub noj qab nyob zoo thiab muab qhov pib zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam hauv lub neej.
Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj uas koj noj, kev haus dej cawv, thiab koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm lossis nyob. Lawv tuaj yeem teb koj cov lus nug txog cov tshuaj twg yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem yug me nyuam thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam zoo tshaj plaws.
