Adoption: Damdawi lam Thudik I Hriat Tur

Fa neih dan tur i ngaihtuah em? Nge i ngaihven em? Amaherawhchu, hei hi a tak takah chuan mawhphurhna sang tak leh mawi tak a ni. Mahse he process-ah hian medical aspect a awm a, chu chu kan ngaihven bik a ngai a ni. Chu chu vawiinah kan sawi dawn a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, adoption hi khawtlang, rilru leh dan anga kalpui a ni a, naupang chu a pianpui nu leh pa bula seilian theihna hun remchang nei lo chu chhungkaw dang member a nih a, hmangaihna leh enkawlna a dawng a ni. Adoption dan hrang hrang a awm. Entirnan, naupang piang nu leh pa hriat leh biak theihna hmunah open adoption a awm thei a, chutiang information awm lohna hmunah pawh closed adoption a awm thei bawk. Naupang pakhat emaw, unau pawl emaw pawh enkawl theih a ni bawk. Dik tak chuan adoption pahnih hi a inang lo. Sri Lanka ramah chuan Department of Probation and Child Protection Services kaltlangin emaw, court process kaltlangin emaw naupang i adopt thei a ni. A chang chuan chhungkaw zau tak atanga fa lak theih a ni bawk (`kinship adoption`). Naupang enkawl i tum a nih chuan, i kalpui chhung zawng hian specialist hrang hrangte nen thawhhona tha tak i neih a ngai dawn a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Dan anga aiawh (adoption lawyers ang chi).
• Tualchhung naupangte hamthatna leh/ emaw adoption agency (Sri Lanka rama Probation Department) te.
• Social worker te an ni.
• Naupang enkawltu doctor te.

Heng zingah hian naupang enkawltu doctor-te hi professional pawl pawimawh tak an ni a, chhungkaw tinte chu adoption process kalpui mek naupangte damdawi lam mamawh phuhruk turin an pui a ni. Hei hian naupang taksa, rilru, hmasawnna leh rilru lama a enkawlna te a huam a ni.

Engvangin nge fa enkawl tawhte hriselna ngaihtuah a pawimawh?

Tûnah chuan, ‘Engvângin nge fa enkawl tûr chungchângah hian damdawi lam ngaihtuahna tam tak a awm?’ tih i ngaihtuah mai thei a ni. Mahse, zirchianna ṭhenkhatah chuan naupang enkawl tawhte chu naupang dangte aiin taksa, ṭhanlenna leh rilru lama harsatna ṭhenkhat an neih theihna a sang zawk thei tih a tarlang. Heng risk te hi a tak tak a ni. Mahse, hmangaihna, enkawlna, thil neih, leh ṭanpuina i pêkte hmang hian i fa chu heng hrisêlna dinhmunte pawh ni se, a ṭhanlen theih nân leh hlim tûrin i ṭanpui thei a ni.

Engvangin nge naupang adopted te hi hriselna lama harsatna tawk thei an nih?

Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm thei. Naupang thenkhat chu an pian tirh lamah emaw, an pian hnu rei vak lovah emaw heng thilte hi an dawng lo mai thei tih hi ngaihtuah teh.

• Nau neih hma leh nau neih hnua hriselna lama service pek.
• Ei leh in tha.
• Taksa emaw rilru lama mamawh (stimulus for development).
• Toxins emaw pathogens (e.g. natna hrik kai ) laka invenna, nau piang hma emaw, pian hnu emaw.

Chu bâkah, naupang tam tak chuan an naupan laia thil harsa tak tak an lo tawng tawh pawh a ni thei. Hengte hi Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) kan ti a ni. Hengte hi naupang trauma nasa tak thlentu thil thleng a ni tlangpui. Heng ACE te hian mi pakhat rilru leh taksa hriselna chu a dam chhung zawngin a nghawng thei a ni. ACE entirnan thenkhat chu:

• Naupang taksa, rilru, emaw, mipat hmeichhiatna lama tihduhdahna leh ngaihsak lohna.
• Chhungkaw tharum thawhna, khawtlang nunah tharum thawhna laka inhriatchhuahna.
• In nghet hloh, hmun danga insawn fo emaw, in boruak muanawm lo emaw.
• Enkawltu chu an inthlak fo va, enkawltu tam tak an nei a, a nih loh leh nu leh pate an inthen fo bawk.
• Thilsiam chhiatna hmachhawn.
• Chhungkaw member emaw, hmangaih tak emaw thihna.
• Midang hnen atanga tihduhdahna .

Zirna hrang hrangah chuan heng ang traumatic experience hmasa ber hian thluak thanlennaah hun rei tak chhung nghawng a nei thei tih a tarlang. Heng thil tawn avanga stress rei tak awm hian taksa hriselnaah pawh hun rei tak chhung nghawng a nei thei bawk.

Naupang enkawl tawhte zingah hriselna lama harsatna lo awm thei

Tunah chuan heng naupangte hian hriselna lama harsatna hrang hrang an neih theihte chu engte nge ni tih i lo en ang u.

Taksa hriselna dinhmun

Foster care-a naupang 30% leh 80% inkar chuan taksa hriselna dinhmun pakhat tal an nei a ni. An zinga 33% vel chuan hriselna lama harsatna (chronic health condition) an nei a ni. Taksa hriselna lama harsatna langsar zual thenkhat chu:

• Growth failure leh ei leh in lama tlakchhamna .
• Asthma natna a ni .
• Thau lutuk .
• Mit hmuhna lama harsatna a awm.
• Hriatna lama harsatna nei.
• Neurological condition hrang hrang a awm.
• Mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga kai theih natna (STIs).
• Chronic condition buaithlak tak tak.

Chu bâkah, a hmaa ei leh in lama harsatna a awm a nih chuan iron, calcium, leh vitamin D tlakchhamna pawh a awm thei bawk. Foster care-a naupang 20% ​​vel chuan ha lama harsatna lian tak an nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk.

Emotional harsatna a awm

Naupang pakhat chu an chhungkua hmasa leh an awmna hmun hriat lar tak atanga inthen chu an tan chuan thil mak tak a ni. Naupang enkawlna hmuna awm tawh, enkawlna hmuna awm reng, leh boruak inthlak danglam tawhte chuan heng rilru lama harsatnate hi an tawk nasa lehzual thei a ni. I in leh chhungkuaa an awmna hmun thara an insiamrem rualin i in leh chhungkaw tana thil thar lo awmte chu hriatthiam a pawimawh hle. I fa chuan a hnuaia mite hi a pholang thei ang:

• Midang laka inthiarfihlim leh mahni chauha awm tum.
• Thinrimna chhuak nghal leh au thawm ri nasa tak (temper tantrums).
• Aggressive nih, thu awih lo nih.
• I tap nasa lutuk chu i tawp thei lo.
• Tun hmaa thil zir tawh (e.g., mahni chauha ei, inkhelhna thil lakkhawm) tih theih lohna leh.
• Mut theih lohna lama harsatna.
• Hmanlai thil nuam i tih thinte ngaihvenna hloh.

Naupang chu in thara insiamrem zauh zauh mah se, naupang tam tak chuan an hmaa an enkawltu te, an ṭhiante, an sikul te, leh an in chhûng boruak te an hloh chu an lungngai ang. He inthlak danglamnaah hian i fate i puih theih dan tur chu i theih ang tawkin hriattir rawh. Dawhtheihna hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Mahse, heng rilru lama harsatnate hi a nasat emaw, a awm reng emaw a nih chuan, i fa naupang enkawltu emaw, rilru lam hrisêlna lama thurawn petu emaw hnênah thurâwn la hreh suh .

Rilru hriselna dinhmun

United States ang ramah chuan naupang tam tak, enkawlna (foster care) paltlang tawhte chu rilru lama harsatna (psyological trauma) an tawk nasa hle. Hei hian rilru lam hriselna lama harsatna an neih theihna chance a sang zawk a ni. Rilru hriselna dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu:

• Lungkhamna (anxiety disorder) a awm.
• Ei leh in lama harsatna nei.
• Mood disorder, clinical depression leh mania ang chi te.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) a awm thin a ni.

Tin, naupang tê tê, foster care-a awmte chu an kum rualpui naupang dang, foster care-a awm lote aiin mahni intihhlum an tum a, ruihhlo hmansualna an nei tam zâwk bawk.

Nungchang lama awmte

Foster care-a naupang 50% leh 75% inkar chuan nungchang emaw, khawtlang nun thiamna lama harsatna neiin damdawi lam pan ngai an nei a ni. A natna hmuhchhuah tam ber chu oppositional defiant disorder leh conduct disorder te an ni. Naupan laia trauma, thil tha lo tawn, leh toxic stress te hi a hnuaia thiltih te nen hian a inzawm thei a ni:

• Emotion control-na lama chak lohna.
• Aggression a ni.
• Thiltih lutuk (hyperactivity) a awm.
• Ngaihtuahna tlakchhamna.
• Thil duhthlanna (Arbitrariness) a ni.

Heng dinhmunte hian nungchang lama harsatna an neih theihna a tipung a ni.

Hmasawnna dinhmun

Naupang kum ruk hnuai lam foster care-a awm zinga 46% leh 60% inkar chuan hmasawnna lama harsatna chi khat an nei a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Thusawi a tlai.
• Fine motor delay (e.g., button siam harsa, pencil vawn).
• Gross motor delays (e.g., tlan harsa, zuang, ball man).
• Zirna lama harsatna nei emaw, rilru lama harsatna nei emaw.
• Social-emotional dysregulation tih hi a ni.

Heng dinhmunte hi naupang lo thanglian chhoh lai atanga intan a ni. Nitin hnathawhna a nghawng thei a, dam chhung zawng a daih thei bawk. Thusawi leh \awng tihhmasawn tlai hi a tam hle. Entir nan:

• Auditory processing disorder (APD) (thu hriat hriat harsa).
• Aphasia (ṭawng hman emaw hriatthiam harsat).
• Childhood apraxia of speech (thusawi tur atana mamawh taksa peng hrang hrangte thawhhona lama harsatna awm).
• Dysarthria (thusawi laiin taksa ruh chak lohna avanga thumal chiang taka sawi theih lohna).

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) hi naupang enkawlna hmuna awm zingah neurodevelopmental condition hmuh tur a ni.

International adoption-a hriselna ngaihtuah tur

Naupang chu ram dang atanga lak (international adoption) a nih chuan, naupang chu taksa hriselna lama harsatna leh hmasawnna lama harsatna a neih tam zawk a ni. Natna hrik kai leh ei leh in lama harsatna te hi naupangin ram a lo thlen huna doctor-te hmuh chhuah ber a ni fo thin. International level-a adopted naupangte hian hmasawnna kawng khatah tal an tlai fo thin a, naupang zinga a chanve vel chuan kawng zawng zawngah an tlai thei bawk (global delays). Ram danga naupangte medical record zawn chu a chang chuan a harsa hle thei. Tin, chu record-te chu a kim lo emaw, thu dik lo emaw a awm thei bawk. Ram tam tak chuan immunization schedule hrang hrang an zawm a ni. Chuvangin, ram dang atanga lo kal naupang chu vaccine lak a nih chuan, chu record te chu an pediatrician nen enfiah a pawimawh hle a, vaccine recommended an la lo tih hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Ram dang atanga naupang enkawl i tum a nih chuan, naupangin a lo chhuahna ram a zirin hriselna lama mamawh a neih theih dan tur leh chutiang atana i inbuatsaih theih dan tur chu mithiamte zawt rawh.

Chhungkaw member dangte hriselna pawh ngaihtuah teh.

I chhungkuaa member thar i dah tel hian i chhungkaw awm tawh dangte hriselna leh ṭhatna tur pawh i ngaihtuah a ngai a ni. He inthlak danglamna lian takah hian i chhungte chu a tha zawnga an insiamrem theih dan tur chungchangah adoption expert-te nen inbiakna nei rawh. Unau inelna leh inhuatna ang chi chhinchhiahna engte nge en tur tih zawt rawh. I chhungkaw member awm tawhte chu ngaihven la, a theih phawt chuan pakhat khatin hun hmang rawh. Chutiang bawkin nu leh pate pawhin adoption process an kalpui laiin caregiver burnout an tih condition an nei thei bawk. A awlsam zawngin, hei hi mi dang hriselna leh himna atana hun leh tha inpek avanga taksa, rilru leh rilru hahna lo awm chu a ni. Nang leh i chhungte he hun harsa tak paltlang tura pui turin support group-a tel emaw, rilru lam hriselna counselor hmuh emaw ngaihtuah rawh. I hmangaih tak takte hnen atanga tanpuina dil a pawimawh bawk.

Naupang enkawl hmain a hriselna chungchang eng nge i hriat tur?

Naupang i adopt hmain – a nih loh leh adopt hnuah a rang thei ang bera – an chanchin hriselna chungchang a tam thei ang ber khawlkhawm tum ang che. He thu hi dawng tur chuan mi tam tak nen thawhhona i neih a ngai dawn a ni:

• Adoption agency emaw foster care system emaw (Sri Lanka ramah chuan Probation Department) emaw a ni.
• I adoption lawyer a ni.
• Naupang piang nu leh pa leh/ emaw chhungte (a theih chuan).
• Hospital system leh naupang healthcare provider hmasa emaw, tuna a enkawl mek emaw te.
• Naupangin a sikul kal tawh leh/ emaw tuna a sikul kal mek.

Hriselna lam chanchin i zawn tum tur chu:

• Naupangin taksa, rilru, hmasawnna, nungchang lama harsatna a neih tawh emaw, a lo neih tawh emaw te, damdawi ina dah emaw, operation emaw a neih tawh zawng zawngte pawh zawng chhuak rawh.
• Birth record information, entirnan, naupai kum, nau piang rih zawng, sei zawng, lu lian leh te, leh naupai emaw nau neih laia harsatna awmte.
• Naupang thanna chart (rih zawng, san zawng, lu vel).
• Hmasawnna atana thil pawimawh tak takte documentation.
• Allergy hriat lar tak tak te.
• Tuna damdawi hman mekte.
• Immunization record te a awm bawk.
• Natna hrik kai theihna tur exposure.
• Mit leh ha chungchanga report.
• Ei leh in lama harsatna nei tawh emaw, ei leh in lama harsatna nei tawh emaw.
• Medical test tih tawh result (e.g. imaging test, thisen test).
• Naupang taksa, mipat hmeichhiatna, emaw rilru lama tihduhdahna emaw, ngaihsak lohna emaw report.
• School chanchin leh talent nei tha tak tak te.
• Relationship history, awmzia pawimawh tak, inzawmna kal zel (biological parents, foster parents, friends te nen) leh inzawmna pawimawh tak tak hloh te.
• Naupang chhungte hnai ber (biological parents leh siblings) te medical history.
• Naupang pianphung chhungkuaah hian thlahtu natna (hereditary diseases) a awm.

Nausen emaw, naupang tê emaw i adopt a nih chuan, naupang pian chanchin leh nu naupai chungchang hriat chian a \angkai bawk. Hei hian a huam tur a ni:

• Nu hian naupai laiin ruihhlo a hmang em, entirnan, zu, zuk leh hmuam, marijuana, emaw opioid emaw?
• Naupai lai khan damdawi prescription emaw over-the-counter emaw i hmang em?
• Naupai lai hian mipat hmeichhiatna hmanga kai theih natna (STI) emaw, natna hrik kai dang emaw i nei tawh em?
• Naupai lai te, nau neih lai te, nau neih lai te hian harsatna a awm em?

Thil awmdan azirin heng thu thenkhat chauh hi i hmu thei mai thei. A châng chuan, engmah i hmu lo mai thei. Chhanna tam thei ang ber zawn tum ang che. A tha ber chu he thu hi la la, i fain i chhungte a zawm hmain naupang enkawltu hnenah entir hmasa phawt ang che. Chumi hnuah chuan doctor chuan i fain enkawlna a mamawh theih dân chungchâng a zirtîr thei che a, i beisei tûr chungchânga kaihhruaina tlangpui a pe thei bawk che a ni. Specialist emaw community support service emaw hnenah referral an pe thei bawk. Hei hian i chhungte chu he inthlak danglamna hi awlsam zawka siam turin a pui thei a ni. Fa neih hmaa hetianga damdawi lam thurawn i lak theih loh chuan naupangin chhungkuaa a zawm hnuah a rang thei ang bera naupang enkawltu hnenah hruai rawh.

Naupang enkawltu doctor-te hian adoption process-ah eng hna nge an thawh?

Naupang enkawltu doctor-te hian adoption process-ah hian hmun pawimawh tak an chang a ni. I fa hriselna mamawh hriatchhuahna kawngah an pui ang che. Adoption process kalpui mek chhungkua te tan pawh emotional support an pe thei bawk. Adoption leh foster care medicine hi naupang enkawlna chhungah hian subspecialty lian tak a ni. I social worker emaw pediatrician emaw hnenah he lama tawnhriat nei naupang enkawltu hnenah referral i dil thei ang. Naupang enkawltu doctor-te hna chu:

• Naupang medical record leh history lakchhuahna tura tanpui.
• Damdawi lam endikna kimchang pek te, naupang enkawlna tha tak tak te, leh enkawl zui zelna te pek.
• Naupang leh an hriselna mamawh enkawlna chhunzawm zel pek.
• Damdawi lam thiamte hnena hruai, entîr nân, naupang rilru lam doctor, naupang rilru lam doctor, a nih loh leh speech-language pathologist-te hnena hruai.
• Naupang leh chhungte hun rei tak chhunga pui thei tur resources rawtna siam.
• adoption hnua adjustment issue lo awm thei chungchangah chhungkawte thurawn pek.
• Chhungkaw chhunga inzawmna nghet leh hrisel tak siam turin ruahmanna siam rawh.
• A tul chuan naupangin Individualized Educational Programme (IEP) leh/ emaw, sikul tana 504 Plan atana documentation buatsaih kawngah tanpui rawh.

I fa enkawltu doctor appointment hmasa berah eng nge i beisei theih ang?

I fain i chhungte leh i in a zawm veleh (a tha ber chu ni 30 chhungin) naupang enkawltu hnenah hriselna endikna kimchang tak neihpui turin i hruai tur a ni. He evaluation hian hriselna lama harsatna hriat tawhte enkawl tan a, a thar awm apiang hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei che a ni. Heng ``initial evaluation visits`` te hi ``well-child visits'' pangngai aiin a thuk zawk a ni.`` I fa naupang enkawltu doctor chuan a theih ang anga medical history (medical record ang chi) pek che a duh ang. I fa hriselna zawng zawng leh kum a zirin vawi khat tlawh a ngai thei a, a nih loh leh evaluation kimchang neih nan vawi tam tak tlawh a rawt thei bawk. Heng ``evaluation(s)`` te hian hetiang hi a huam fo ang:

• Medical diagnosis awm tawhte nemnghet leh chiang zawka siam.
• Taksa exam kimchang tak neih a ni.
• Neurological exam a ni.
• Kum nena inmil test, entirnan, nau piang thar screening panel, hriatna, mit, ha, leh nungchang leh/ emaw hmasawnna test te.
• Tun hmaa damdawi lama harsatna hmuhchhuah lohte endik.
• Hmasawnna leh nungchang lam thil eng pawh sawiho.
• Naupang vaccine pek dan tehna.
• Healthcare provider leh specialist dangte hnena referral.

Testing neih a ni

I fa naupang enkawltu doctor chuan an evaluation a\angin diagnostic test thenkhat neih a rawt thei ang. Chung zingah chuan thisen test, zun test, leh/ emaw imaging test te pawh a tel thei. I naupang enkawltu doctor pawhin i fain an kum nena inmil vaccine a dawn leh dawn loh enfiah nan thisen test thenkhat neih a rawt thei bawk.

Rilru hriselna endikna

Mithiamte chuan foster care-a awm naupang chu i chhungte a zawm atanga ni 30 chhungin rilru lam hriselna endikna neih tir turin an rawt a ni. Hei hi naupang rilru lam hriselna counselor, trauma-informed care lama trained te nen tih a tha ber.

Engtin nge adoption atan kan inbuatsaih ang?

Adoption process-ah hian inbuatsaihna tam tak leh step tam tak a ngai a ni. Fa neih i tum hmain i chhungkuaa naupang dah belh hi eng nge a awmzia tak tak tih hriat a pawimawh a, a bik takin an hriselna leh an hriselna chungchangah eng nge ngaihtuah tur tih i hriat hmasak a pawimawh. Zawhna i inzawh tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Fa neih chhan i neih chhante chu engte nge ni? He dam chhung zawnga thutlukna leh inpekna atan hian i inpeih tak zet em?
• Naupang tân hmangaihna, enkawltu, leh dinhmun nghet tak i siamsak thei ang em?
• Naupangin a mamawh theih tur support service leh health service tha tak tak i nei em?
• Naupangte hriselna leh hamthatna tur hmun hrang hrang (sikul, damdawi in system ang chi)-ah i sawi duh em?
• Nang leh i chhûngte chuan i fate taksa, rilru, ṭhanlenna, leh rilru lama hrisêlna mamawh bîkte chu a theih ang anga hriat chian i duh em?
• I rintlak leh tanpui duhtu ṭhian leh chhungte thlawpna system nghet tak i nei em?

Nunna thil dang ang bawkin, chhungkaw member thar nen hian hmalam hun leh nun chu eng ang nge a nih dawn tih sawi lawk theih a ni lo. Mahse, fa neihnain eng nge a ken tel tih dik taka ngaihtuah a, a theih ang anga inbuatsaih chuan i beisei chu i enkawl thei a, i chhungte tan hmun him leh ṭanpui thei tak i siam thei bawk. Adoption hi a buaipuitu zawng zawng tan chuan thil buaithlak tak, mimal leh rilru lam thil a ni. Adopting-a thil pawimawh tak chu i chhungkaw zinga i tel tharte hriselna mamawh bik ngaihtuah leh inbuatsaih hi a ni. I fate naupang enkawltu doctor hi i chhungkaw adoption support team-ah hian a pawimawh hle. I fa chu enkawlna tha ber pe turin an awm tih hre reng ang che – chu enkawlna pe tura pui turin an awm bawk.

He thawnthu atang hian eng thuchah nge in lama kan hruai duh?

Naupang enkawl hi mawhphurhna ropui tak leh pawimawh tak a ni tak zet a ni. He zin kawngah hian naupang hriselna hi a bik taka ngaihven a pawimawh hle.

• Fimkhur rawh: Naupang enkawl tawhte hriselna, rilru, nungchang, leh hmasawnna lam thil chiang tak takte chu hre chiang rawh.
• Thu hriat tur khawlkhawm: Naupang damdawi lam chanchin leh chhungkaw dinhmun chungchang a tam thei ang ber khawlkhawm rawh.
• Naupang enkawltu tanpuina: A tir atang rengin naupang enkawltu thiam, tawnhriat ngah tak puihna dawng rawh. I thlawptu lian ber a ni ang.
• Dawhtheihna leh hmangaihna: I fa chu boruak thar leh chhungkaw thara insiamrem turin hun pe rawh. Dawhthei takin awm la, hmangaihna nei la, hrethiam takin awm rawh.
• Nangmah pawh ngaihtuah teh: He i zin chhung hian i rilru leh taksa hriselna hi uluk takin enkawl ang che. I mamawh chuan tanpuina dawng rawh.

Hêng naupangte nun tidamtu leh hmalam hun duhawm tak siam tûra ṭanpuitu chu hmangaihna, ngaihsakna leh ṭanpuina i pêkte hi a ni tih hre reng ang che.

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` Adoption, adoption, naupang hriselna, damdawi lam thil, naupang hriselna, rilru hriselna, hmasawnna lam thil